手性Salen及Ga(Salen)催化苯基锂对环氧环己烷对映选择性开环反应

合成了14个含1,2-环己二胺、1,2-二苯基乙二胺或邻苯二胺的手性Salen化合物, 研究了手性Salen直接催化苯基锂对环氧环己烷的不对称开环反应, 结果表明二胺的结构和苯环上3,3'-位取代基对反应的对映选择性有很大的影响. 用Salen与 Me₃Ga原位生成的Ga(Salen)催化苯基锂对环氧环己烷的不对称开环反应, 与用Salen直接催化相比, 得到了更好的化学产率和对映选择性. 当用Ga(Slane) 15为催化剂时, 最佳ee值为73%.     

苯氧基修饰的聚(苯乙烯-异丙烯膦酸)磷酸氢锆固载手性MnⅢ(Salen)及其催化苯乙烯环氧化

制备了一系列通过苯氧基修饰的聚(苯乙烯-异丙烯膦酸)磷酸氢锆(ZPS-IPPA)轴向固载手性Mn^Ⅲ(Salen)催化剂,并将其应用于苯乙烯的环氧化反应。催化结果表明：苯氧链接手臂邻位取代基对于环氧化结果有重要影响,相比邻位取代基为-H和-CH₃,取代基为t-Bu基团时,催化剂能够提供更高水平的对映选择性。同时,比较了两种长度几乎一致的链接手臂(-NH-C₆H₄-NH-,-O-C₆H₄-O-),结果表明：在没有轴向助剂N-甲基玛琳氮氧化物(NMO)参与下,在间氯过氧苯甲酸(m-CPBA)为氧化剂的体系中, 链接手臂-O-C₆H₄-O-比-NH-C₆H₄-NH-更有利于取得优异的催化效果。制备的非均相催化剂在前5次后催化活性与对映选择性几乎没有明显的变化。     

苯氧基修饰的聚(苯乙烯-异丙烯膦酸)磷酸氢锆固载手性MnⅢ(Salen)及其催化苯乙烯环氧化

制备了一系列通过苯氧基修饰的聚（苯乙烯-异丙烯膦酸）磷酸氢锆（ZPS-IPPA）轴向固载手性Mn^Ⅲ（Salen）催化剂,并将其应用于苯乙烯的环氧化反应。催化结果表明：苯氧链接手臂邻位取代基对于环氧化结果有重要影响,相比邻位取代基为-H和-CH₃,取代基为t-Bu基团时,催化剂能够提供更高水平的对映选择性。同时,比较了两种长度几乎一致的链接手臂（-NH-C₆H₄-NH-,-O-C₆H₄-O-）,结果表明：在没有轴向助剂N-甲基玛琳氮氧化物（NMO）参与下,在间氯过氧苯甲酸（m-CPBA）为氧化剂的体系中,链接手臂-O-C₆H₄-O-比-NH-C₆H₄-NH-更有利于取得优异的催化效果。制备的非均相催化剂重复使用5次后催化活性与对映选择性没有明显的变化。     

Ni-intAlx催化剂的化学合成及萘选择加氢性能

非（类）金属掺杂金属形成金属间隙或金属间化合物是一种设计高效、高选择性催化剂的重要手段.我们以萘基锂为强还原剂,NiCl₂与AlCl₃为原料,在室温下化学合成了Ni-^intAl_x纳米催化剂,并采用pXRD、N₂物理吸附、XPS、TEM、H₂-TPR、H₂-TPD等手段对催化剂进行表征.以萘选择加氢为探针反应,结果显示Ni-^intAl_x催化剂对萘选择加氢制四氢萘具有高活性及单一选择性.其中Ni-^intAl₁催化剂具有比Ni样品更纯的FCC晶型,比Ni-^intAl_1/3更适宜的铝掺杂量,及比Ni-^intAl₃更适宜的活性组分含量.镍铝之间的电子效应在一定程度上可调变中间产物四氢萘的吸附性能,避免过度加氢,在优化条件下萘转化率和四氢萘选择性分别达97%和98%,铝可用作第二金属掺杂以提高金属位点的活性和对中间产物的选择性.     

侧链含对氟苯基的三氯一茂钛络合物用于高活性催化乙烯三聚反应的研究

本文合成了两个新型的含对氟苯基的三氯一茂钛络合物[η⁵-C₅H₄-C(Me,Me)-(p-fluorophenyl)]TiCl₃ (1) 和 [η⁵-C₅H₄-C(cyclo-C₅H₁₀)-(p-fluorophenyl)]TiCl₃ (2), 并对它们催化乙烯三聚反应的活性和选择性进行了研究。氟原子的引入削弱了苯环对钛原子的配位, 但是通过向与茂环相连的桥碳原子上引入大位阻取代基（环-C₅H₁₀），可以显著增强苯环对中心金属的配位趋势。氟原子效应和桥碳原子上大取代基效应两者结合在一起，可以使络合物2成为一种高活性和高选择性的乙烯三聚催化剂。用它催化生成1–己烯的催化活性可以达到1024.0 kg /(mol Ti ∙ h)，选择性最高可以达到99.3%。     

全氟烷基磺酰亚胺盐催化芳香化合物硝化反应的研究

利用系列全氟烷基磺酰亚胺盐[M(NPf₂)_n]作为一种新型的Lewis酸催化剂，用于催化芳香化合物与等摩尔65% (m∶m)硝酸的硝化反应. 通过考察不同的催化剂、反应时间、反应温度和反应介质效应等因素对甲苯硝化的影响，以及比较1 mol% Yb[N(C₄F₉SO₂)₂]₃催化不同结构的取代芳烃硝化反应的效果，表明全氟烷基磺酰亚胺盐不仅具有环境友好和原子经济的特点，而且是一类比常规Lewis酸更有效的、芳香化合物硝化反应的催化剂.     

Ni/Fe物质的量的比对Ni-Fe催化剂表面性质和二硝基甲苯加氢活性的影响

采用Fe粉置换氯化镍溶液中的Ni²⁺制备了Ni-Fe催化剂, 并应用于催化二硝基甲苯加氢合成甲苯二胺的反应中。运用XRD、低温氮吸附-脱附、H₂-TPD、XPS和TEM等技术手段对不同Ni/Fe物质的量的比(n_Ni/n_Fe)下催化剂进行了表征。结果表明, n_Ni/n_Fe对Ni-Fe催化剂表面性质影响显著。当n_Ni/n_Fe为1:4时, Fe抑制Ni氧化的作用达到最大, Ni-Fe催化剂化学氢吸附量和活性物种Ni的分散度分别达到了0.16 mmol·g^-1和23%, 催化剂性能得到较大的提升。在优化的催化剂制备条件下, DNT(二硝基甲苯)的转化率和TDA(甲苯二胺)的选择性分别达到了~100%和99%。另外, 对Ni-Zn漆原镍(Urushibara Ni)催化剂和Ni-Fe催化剂催化DNT加氢反应进程进行了研究, 发现它们有相同的加氢中间产物, 但反应不同阶段的催化速率存在差异。     

Ni/Fe物质的量的比对Ni-Fe催化剂表面性质和二硝基甲苯加氢活性的影响

采用Fe粉置换氯化镍溶液中的Ni²⁺制备了Ni-Fe催化剂,并应用于催化二硝基甲苯加氢合成甲苯二胺的反应中。运用XRD、低温氮吸附-脱附、H₂-TPD、XPS和TEM等技术手段对不同Ni/Fe物质的量的比(n_Ni/n_Fe)下催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,n_Ni/n_Fe对Ni-Fe催化剂表面性质影响显著。当n_Ni/n_Fe为1:4时,Fe抑制Ni氧化的作用达到最大,Ni-Fe催化剂化学氢吸附量和活性物种Ni的分散度分别达到了0.16 mmol·g^-1和23%,催化剂性能得到较大的提升。在优化的催化剂制备条件下,DNT(二硝基甲苯)的转化率和TDA(甲苯二胺)的选择性分别达到了~100%和99%。另外,对Ni-Zn漆原镍(Urushibara Ni)催化剂和Ni-Fe催化剂催化DNT加氢反应进程进行了研究,发现它们有相同的加氢中间产物,但反应不同阶段的催化速率存在差异。     

Mn1-x(Li,Ti)xCo2O4尖晶石型复合氧化物的制备、表征与催化性能

用柠檬酸配位燃烧法合成了Mn_1-x(Li,Ti)_xCo₂O₄系列尖晶石型复合氧化物催化剂，使用FTIR和XRD方法对催化剂结构进行表征，通过程序升温氧化反应(TPO)技术对这些催化剂在模拟柴油机尾气条件下进行同时消除NO_x和柴油碳黑反应的活性评价。结果表明，掺杂Li或Ti后的Mn_1-x(Li,Ti)_xCo₂O₄系列催化剂仍然保持了完整的尖晶石型复合氧化物结构，这些催化剂对同时消除柴油机尾气中的碳黑颗粒和NO_x具有良好的催化性能，其中Li或Ti的掺杂量为x=0.05较佳，结合碳黑燃烧与NO_x还原总的催化效果，Mn_0.95Li_0.05Co₂O₄具有最好的催化活性。     

在Mo改性的Rh/AC(Rh/MoOx)催化剂上的四氢糠醇选择性加氢

以Mo改性的Rh/AC (Rh-MoO_x/AC)为催化剂,研究了四氢糠醇加氢开环制备1,5-戊二醇的催化性能.采用TEM、XPS和NH3吸附热量表征催化剂,并考察了反应工艺条件.表征结果表明,低价态Mo所提供的中等强度的酸中心是加入Mo可提高催化剂活性的主要原因.催化反应结果表明:以水为溶剂,以n_Mo/n_Rh=0.15的Rh-MoO_x/AC为催化剂,还原温度为550 ℃,反应温度为120 ℃,反应压力为8 MPa,反应时间为10 h,四氢糠醇的转化率为64%,1,5-戊二醇的选择性为100%.     

Asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis using heterobimetallic catalysts obtained from titanium and vanadium complexes of chiral and achiral salen ligands

Titanium(IV)(salen) and vanadium(V)(salen) complexes are both known to form catalysts for asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis. When a mixture of titanium and vanadium complexes derived from the same or different salen ligands is used for the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to benzaldehyde, the absolute configuration of the product and level of asymmetric induction can only be explained by in situ formation of a catalytically active heterobimetallic complex, and is not consistent with two monometallic species acting cooperatively. Combined use of complexes containing chiral and achiral salen ligands demonstrates that during the asymmetry inducing step of the mechanism, the aldehyde is coordinated to the vanadium rather than the titanium ion. The titanium complexes also catalyse the asymmetric addition of ethyl cyanoformate to aldehydes, a reaction in which vanadium(V)(salen) complexes are not active. For this reaction, use of a mixture of titanium and vanadium(salen) complexes results in a complete loss of catalytic activity, a result which again can only be explained by in situ formation of a heterometallic complex. Both the titanium and vanadium based catalysts also induce the asymmetric addition of potassium cyanide/acetic anhydride to aldehydes. For this reaction, combined use of chiral and achiral complexes indicates that during the asymmetry inducing step of the mechanism, the aldehyde is coordinated to titanium rather than vanadium, a result which contrasts with the observed results when trimethylsilyl cyanide is used as the cyanide source.     

In situ formation of heterobimetallic salen complexes containing titanium and/or vanadium ions

A combination of high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry and (1)H NMR spectroscopy has been used to prove that when a mixture of [(salen)TiO]2 complexes containing two different salen ligands (salen and salen') is formed, an equilibrium is established between the homodimers and the heterodimer [(salen)TiO2Ti(salen')]. Depending upon the structure and stereochemistry of the two salen ligands, the equilibrium may favor either the homodimers or the heterodimer. Extension of this process to mixtures of titanium(salen) complexes [(salen)TiO]2 and vanadium (V)(salen') complexes [(salen')VO] (+)Cl (-) allowed the in situ formation of the heterobimetallic complex [(salen)TiO2V(salen')] (+)X (-) to be confirmed for all combinations of salen ligands studied except when the salen ligand attached to titanium contained highly electron-withdrawing nitro-groups. The rate of equilibration between heterobimetallic complexes is faster than that between two titanium complexes as determined by line broadening in the (1)H NMR spectra. These structural results explain the strong rate-inhibiting effect of vanadium (V)(salen) complexes in asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis catalyzed by [(salen)TiO]2 complexes. It has also been demonstrated for the first time that the titanium and vanadium complexes can undergo exchange of salen ligands and that this is catalyzed by protic solvents. However, the ligand exchange is relatively slow (occurring on a time scale of days at room temperature) and so does not complicate studies aimed at using heterobimetallic titanium and vanadium salen complexes as asymmetric catalysts. Attempts to obtain a crystal structure of a heterobimetallic salen complex led instead to the isolation of a trinuclear titanium(salen) complex, the formation of which is also consistent with the catalytic results obtained previously.     

Construction of Robust Ruthenium(salen)(CO) Complexes and Asymmetric Aziridination with Nitrene Precursors in the Form of Azide Compounds That Bear Easily Removable N‐Sulfonyl Groups

We synthesized new Ru(salen)(CO) complexes of high durability and achieved aziridination with good to excellent enantioselectivity by using azide compounds that contain an easily removable N‐sulfonyl group, such as the 2‐(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonyl group, as a nitrene precursor. Aziridination of less‐reactive α,β‐unsaturated esters (and amides) proceeded with excellent enantioselectivities, from which it is inferred that an electrophilic species is the active species of this reaction. The present asymmetric aziridination provides a useful tool for introducing optically active nonprotected amine groups.     

Investigation of Lewis Acid versus Lewis Base Catalysis in Asymmetric Cyanohydrin Synthesis

The asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes can be catalysed by Lewis acids and/or Lewis bases, which activate the aldehyde and trimethylsilyl cyanide, respectively. It is not always apparent from the structure of the catalyst whether Lewis acid or Lewis base catalysis predominates. To investigate this in the context of using salen complexes of titanium, vanadium and aluminium as catalysts, a Hammett analysis of asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis was undertaken. When Lewis acid catalysis is dominant, a significantly positive reaction constant is observed, whereas reactions dominated by Lewis base catalysis give much smaller reaction constants. [{Ti(salen)O}₂] was found to show the highest degree of Lewis acid catalysis, whereas two [VO(salen)X] (X=EtOSO₃ or NCS) complexes both displayed lower degrees of Lewis acid catalysis. In the case of reactions catalysed by [{Al(salen)}₂O] and triphenylphosphine oxide, a non‐linear Hammett plot was observed, which is indicative of a change in mechanism with increasing Lewis base catalysis as the carbonyl compound becomes more electron‐deficient. These results suggested that the aluminium complex/triphenylphosphine oxide catalyst system should also catalyse the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to ketones and this was found to be the case.     

VO(salen)(X) catalysed asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis: an unexpected influence of the nature of anion X on the catalytic activity

The nature of the anionic ligand X (X = EtOSO3, BF4, Cl, Br, OSO2CF3, F or CN) in vanadium(V)salen complexes [V+ O(salen) X-] was found to have a significant influence on the catalytic activity of the complexes, but not on their enantioselectivities; with the complexes in which X = Cl or F being most active and the complex with X = OSO2CF3 being totally inactive.     

新型Co(salen)化合物的合成，表征及其硫醚不对称氧化反应(英)

合成并表征了新的Co(salen)化合物（2a～2c和3a～3c）。手性Co^Ⅱ(salen)化合物2a～2c在硫醚的不对称氧化反应中显示了中等的反应活性，但只获得了较低对映选择性（8%～21% ee），而手性Co^Ⅲ(salen)化合物3a～3c在该反应中没有反应活性。通过研究整个配体的构象影响对化合物的低对映选择性进行了讨论。     

新固载型手性Salen Mn(Ⅲ)催化剂的合成及催化苯乙烯不对称环氧化反应

以低聚苯乙烯基膦酸-磷酸氢锆(ZSPP)作为载体, 对该载体进行氯甲基化、磺酸化修饰后与手性Salen Mn(Ⅲ)轴向配位, 合成了一种新固载型手性Salen Mn(Ⅲ)催化剂; 采用FTIR,DR UV-Vis, AAS, SEM, TEM, TG和N2吸附等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 以苯乙烯不对称环氧化为探针反应, 初步考察了催化剂在不同氧源、 反应温度、 反应时间和催化剂用量等因素下的催化性能. 结果表明, 该催化剂具有良好的催化活性, 转化率最高达到85％, 选择性为90％, e.e.值为64％. 固载手性Salen Mn(Ⅲ)催化剂性质稳定, 能循环使用6次.     

A bimetallic aluminium(salen) complex for asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis

In the presence of a phosphine oxide cocatalyst, a bimetallic aluminium(salen) complex was found to catalyse the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes. Under optimised conditions, enantioselectivities of 53-96% were obtained using 2 mol % of the catalyst. An analysis of the reaction kinetics showed that the reactions exhibited first-order kinetics, with the rate of reaction being independent of the aldehyde concentration.     

Chiral salen ligands designed to form polymetallic complexes

Chiral salen ligands capable of forming polymetallic complexes have been designed. The ligands possess substituents in the 4,4′-positions, but have no substituent in the 3,3′-positions to allow a second metal ion access to the salen oxygen atoms. Ligands in which a polyether chain links the 4,4′-positions were prepared and complexed to copper. In addition, acyclic ligands with potential metal coordinating substituents in the 4,4′-positions were prepared and complexed to copper and cobalt. The crystal structure of one of the cobalt complexes shows it to be a trimetallic complex in which a Co(II)(OAc)₂ group coordinates to the salen oxygen atoms of two Co(III)(salen)(OAc) units. In contrast, the crystal structure of a Co(salen) complex with tert-butyl groups attached to the 3,3′-positions is found to be mononuclear. All of the complexes were tested as asymmetric phase transfer catalysts for the asymmetric alkylation of an alanine methyl ester, forming (R)-α-methyl phenylalanine methyl ester with up to 85% ee.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Salen Complex

Salen Schiff base complexes are some of the most important stereochemical models in transition metal coordina tion chemistry, with their ease of preparation and structural variation. [1] Salen complexes are extensively used as organic reaction catalysts, it was reported to be used in asymmetric cyclopropanation, epoxidation, aziridination, hydrolysis, alkylation, Diels-Alder reaction, reduction, oxidation etc. Here we report the synthesis and structure of a new salen nickel complex 4.