吸收液采样-高效液相色谱法测定室内空气中甲醛的含量

<正>甲醛是一种无色有刺激性气味的气体，被世界卫生组织(WHO)定为致畸和致癌的物质之一^[1]。我国规定室内空气甲醛的限值为0.10 mg·m-3^[2]。目前监测环境中甲醛的国家标准测定方法很多^[3],常用的有4-氨基-3-联氨-5-巯基-1,2,4-三氮杂茂(Ⅰ)(AHMT)分光光度法^[4]、3-甲基-2-苯并噻唑啉酮腙盐酸盐水合物(MBTH)酚试剂分光光度法^[5]、乙酰丙酮分光光度法^[6]、气相色谱法(GC)^[7]、     

微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定无铅汽油中痕量铅的研究

四乙基铅作为一种良好的抗爆添加剂,曾广泛用于汽油生产中,但由于四乙基铅有很强的毒性,目前国际上已停止生产和使用车用含铅汽油,因此在生产车用无铅汽油时严格控制和准确测定铅的含量十分必要.迄今,测定汽油中铅含量的常用方法是铬酸盐容量法^[1]、一氯化碘法^[2]、X射线光谱法^[3]、分光光度法^[4,5]、原子吸收光谱法^[6]和等离子体光谱法^[7].这些方法或操作烦琐,测定时间较长^[4],或灵敏度低^[1～3],或测定误差较大,且在测试中需使用毒性较大的四乙基铅^[5],或所需的氯化甲基三辛基铵不易购买^[6],或处理过程繁琐,且仪器设备昂贵^[7].因此,建立一种简便、快速、灵敏、准确和无毒副作用的测定无铅汽油中痕量铅的方法已显得十分迫切.近年来发展的微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法^[8]已有商品化仪器问世^[9].本文利用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱仪研究了无铅汽油中痕量铅的测定方法,并提出用微波消解法预处理无铅汽油样品,将微波消解技术与微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法相结合,建立了简便、快速、灵敏、准确和无污染的测定无铅汽油中痕量铅的新方法.     

利用汞(Ⅱ)-四(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉的显色反应间接分光光度法测定微量硫化物

微量硫化物的测定国内外常采用亚甲基蓝法、分子荧光法、电极法、原子吸收分光光度法^[1]和冷原子荧光法^[2]等.汞(Ⅱ)可与四(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉(简称TAPP)在室温下产生灵敏的显色反应(ε=2。85×10⁵),并允许大量常见阴离子存在^[3],但当S^2-存在时,则极易抑制与其相当量的Hg(Ⅱ)-TAPP配合物的生成,根据这一原理,本文提出了利用,Hg(Ⅱ)-TAPP的显色反应间接分光光度法测定微量硫化物的新方法.     

meso-四-(3-N-甲基吡啶)卟啉与钴反应的分光光度研究

水溶性卟啉衍生物作为光度试剂在分析化学中已得到广泛的应用。在测定某些过渡金属元素时具有极高的灵敏度(ε值为2-5×10⁵)^[1]。meso-四-(3-N-甲基吡啶)卟啉[T(3-MPy)P]与铜^[2]、锌^[3]、铅^[4]的反应都已进行研究。本文对T(3-MPy)P与钴的反应进行了初步的研究。T(3-MPy)P的结构如右图。     

开系下的极限环线

B-Z反应较早是用分光光度计观察颜色的周期性变化^[1]。Field采用电动势测定E～t或C～t图^[2]。最近大量工作证明上述二种方法仍然是很重要的。B-Z反应是属于非平衡态中存在自组织现象的一个实例,三分子模型^[3]和低浓度三分子模型^[4]至今尚未找到实例,因而Oregonator成了颇为重要的一个实际模型^[5]。原则上直接测到相平面上lg[Br^-]与lg[Ce⁴⁺]的变化。给验证理论提供了一种可靠性。     

β羟肟萃取钯(Ⅱ)取代反应中的动力学催化作用

β羟肟、硫醚等在盐酸介质中萃取钯(Ⅱ)的配位取代反应具有较高的选择性,有实用意义^[1-5]。Cleare等^[1]曾提出加入胺类化合物以加快β羟肟萃钯的速度。本文在研究β羟肟萃钯(Ⅱ)机理^[2,3]的基础上考察了加入伯胺后2-羟基-4-(1-甲基庚氧基)二苯甲酮肟(HL)萃取钯(Ⅱ)的热力学和动力学行为以及界面特性,试图阐明伯胺对该取代反应的加速机理。试验所用伯胺N1923(Am)为混合支链伯胺,上海有机所实验厂生产。水相中伯胺含量用溴酚兰分光光度法测定^[6],其它实验方法参见[3]。     

碳苷研究(Ⅵ)——1-芳基-D-吡喃葡萄糖碳苷的快原子轰击质谱

快原子轰击质谱(FAB-MS)是近几年发展起来的一种质谱新技术^[1],特别适于极性大、不易挥发和对热不稳定的化合物,已用于多肽^[2]、核酸^[3]及苷^[4]的结构测定。     

零电流示波电位滴定盐酸异丙嗪

盐酸异丙嗪是一种较重要的抗组胺药,现行的分析标准为非水滴定法^[1],此外尚有分光光度法^[2]、伏安法^[3]、电极法^[4]、液相色谱法^[5]和流动注射分析法^[6]等。本文将高鸿提出的零电流示波电位滴定法^[7]中的铂片电极修饰一层含四苯基硼酸-异丙嗪电活性物质的PVC膜,使电极对异丙嗪产生响应,可用于四苯基硼酸钠直接滴定异丙嗪的终点指示。     

用乙基紫作铼的分光光度测定

用甲基紫^[1-5]及其他碱性染料^[6-8]作试剂萃取及光度测定铼已有记录.此类方法选择性较硫氰酸盐法为高.Оболончик曾指出,如增加染料分子量能提高测定灵敏度.与甲基紫比较,乙基紫(C.I.42600)分子量较高,可能利于萃取.实验证实,用此试剂光度测定铼可获较高灵敏度^[1].本文报告用苯萃取高铼酸乙基紫的各种条件,提出有钼等其他元素共存时分光光度测定痕量铼的方法.     

石斛碱与新石斛碱的构型

我国四川、云南等地出产的兰科植物金石斛(Dendrobium nobile)中含植物碱.Suzuki等^[1]及陈克恢等^[2]自其中分离出石斛碱(dendrobine,C₁₆H₂₅O₂N);最近Yamamura等^[3]又分离出一种新植物碱——nobiline(建议译为新石斛碱),C₁₇H₂₇O₃N.Inubushi等^[4]与Yamamura等^[3]分别独立提出石斛碱(Ⅰ)的部分相对构型式;后者尚测定了新石斛碱(Ⅱ)的部分相对构型式.它们的结构与天然有机物苦毒宁(picrotoxinin)^[5](Ⅲ)很相似.     

过渡金属离子(Cu2+、Cd2+)对藻红蛋白单体的漂白机制

藻胆蛋白是一组同源捕光色素蛋白,由多肽链及相连的开链四吡咯环色团构成。多肽链对色团的调控形成不同藻胆蛋白的特征吸收及荧光光谱。这些色团是藻蓝胆素(吸收带590～670 nm)、藻红胆素(吸收带530～570 nm)和藻尿胆素(吸收带490～500nm)。藻尿胆素由于在共轭体系中含有较少的双键,所以与前二者比,在较短波长有吸收。它们总是与藻红胆素伴生,在藻胆蛋白中作为敏化基团存在。     

过渡金属取代型杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石上环己烯的催化氧化性能

类水滑石及杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石具有可调变的二维孔道结构,活性组分可在较宽的范围内进行调变,从而使其成为有应用前景的氧化催化剂'·'．迄今,以完整结构形态的水滑石为催化剂的催化氧化研究尚未见报道．我们发现［'－'j,含可变价元素的类水滑石和过渡金属取代型杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石具有在较低温度下活化分子氧,从而实现活泼烃类a－H氧化的能力·本文报道了M。AIXW;;ZO。。（M＝Mg'",Zn'";X＝p,St;Z＝Mn2＋,Fe2＋,C。2＋,Ni'",Cll'"）层柱材料上环己烯的催化氧化行为．1实验部分M。AI－XW;;ZO。。系列杂多…     

第四周期过渡金属钼磷三元杂多化合物的氧化还原性质研究

研究了Keggin结构钼磷杂多化合物Na₅[PM(H₂O)Mo₁₁O₃₉]·nH₂O(M=Mn²⁺,Co²⁺,Ni²⁺,Cu²⁺,Zn²⁺在溶液中的氧化还原性质,发现环境的改变可对杂多阴离子的极谱半波电位产生影响,其影响程度的大小决定于过渡金属离子本身的性质。取代后的钼磷杂多阴离子的半波电位顺序为Ni²⁺>Co²⁺>Zn²⁺>Cu²⁺>Mn²⁺,pH值的变化影响氧化还原性质,并阐述了变价金属Cu²⁺对杂多阴离子氧化还原性质的影响.     

A Highly Selective Fluorescent Chemosensor for Cu2+

A new Zn²⁺ probe L2-Zn(L2=naphthofuran carbonylhydrazone derivant) was synthesized as a fluorescence chemosensor for Cu²⁺, by which Cu²⁺ ion could be detected with high selectivity and sensitivity in a wide pH range via a displacement “turn-off” signaling strategy. Whereas the coordination between Zn²⁺ and L2 resulted in a considerable enhancement of typical luminescence of a naphthalofuran group in complex L2-Zn, the addition of Cu²⁺ ion led to a dramatic decrease in the emission intensity of probe L2-Zn at about 503 nm(excitation at 423 nm). The competitive fluorescent experiments showed that other metal ions, such as Hg²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cr³⁺ and Mg²⁺ could not impact the detection of Cu²⁺. The detection limit of the novel probe L2-Zn for Cu²⁺ ion was as low as 2.3×10^-7 mol/L, which is far lower than the guideline value of 1.6×10^-5 mol/L of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.     

Tuning plasmon absorption of unmodified silver nanoplates for sensitive and selective detection of copper ions by introduction of ascorbate

Silver nanoplates as novel optical sensors for Cu^2＋ detection have been demonstrated.Silver nanoplates are synthesized via previous H_2O_2-NaBH_4 cyclic oxidation-reduction reactions.With introduction of ascorbate as mild reductants,Cu^2＋ ions are reduced into Cu~＋ and the Cu^＋ is further reduced to Cu,which is deposited on the surface of the silver nanoplates.The deposition of the Cu on the surface of the silver nanoplates allows a significant red-shift of their plasmon absorption.Therefore,trace Cu^2＋ can be detected.The shift of the plasmon absorption wavelength of silver nanoplates is proportional to the Cu^2＋concentration over a range of 40-340 μmol L~（-1） with a limit of detection of 9.0 μmol L~（-1）.Moreover,such silver nanoplate-based optical sensors provide good selectivity for Cu^2＋ detection,and most other metal ions do not disturb its detection.Moreover,the practicality of the proposed sensor was tested.This Cu^2＋assay is advantageous in its simplicity,selectivity,and cost-effectiveness.     

Magnetic study of highly conductive TCNQ salts of Cu(II) complexes with 2,2''-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline and ethylenediamine

The magnetic susceptibility has been determined for CuL_n(TCNQ⁻)₂ (L = 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, or ethylenediamine;n = 1 or 2), having high electric conductivity. The results show that the Cu²⁺L_n chelates are partially reduced to Cu²⁺L_n in the complexes. The equilibrium Cu²⁺L_n(TCNQ⁻)₂ Cu⁺L_n(TCNQ⁻)(TCNQ^o) produces conduction electrons in TCNQ columns.     

高分子金属卟啉敏化剂的合成及其产生单线态氧的能力

本工作用氯甲基化的苯乙烯系的树脂和四-(对-氨基苯)卟啉及其Mg²⁺、Cd²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺的络合物,合成了一组高分子的金属卟啉敏化剂。并用9,10-二甲基蒽作为¹O₂受体,测定了它们光敏化产生¹O₂的相对能力,分别为1.0、1.56、0.73、0.25、0.21。表明高分子卟啉镁具有较强的敏化能力,是一种良好的敏化剂,其他三种过渡金属元素,特别是具有顺磁性的Ni和Cu,对卟啉光敏化能力起了明显的抑制作用。     

The effect of the amount of ammonia on the Cu~0/Cu~+ ratio of Cu/SiO_2 catalyst for the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol

The effect of the amount of precipitant ammonia on the Cu0/Cu＋ratio of Cu/Si O2 prepared by the deposition–precipitation method is investigated. Species at different preparation stages, resulted from the amount of ammonia used, are identified by the XRD and FTIR techniques. Chrysocolla together with either copper nitrate hydroxide or copper hydroxide coexist in the uncalcined catalysts. Upon calcination, the latter two species are converted to Cu O particles while chrysocolla remains. Following reduction, Cu O is transformed to metallic Cu and chrysocolla is converted to Cu2 O. The value of Cu0/Cu＋ratio can be evaluated using the peak areas in their TPR profiles. Hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate（DMO） to ethylene glycol（EG） shows that the selectivity of EG depends on the Cu0/Cu＋ratio. Catalyst prepared with the addition of ammonia solution at n（NH3）/n（Cu2＋） = 0.9 for precipitation–deposition gains a more suitable Cu0/Cu＋ratio upon reduction and thus has a higher selectivity for EG.     

Selective hydrogenation of dimethyl maleate to tetrahydrofuran over Cu/SiO2 catalyst: Effect of Cu+ on the catalytic performance

Cu/SiO_2 catalysts prepared by different methods have been investigated focusing on the influence of Cu~+on the catalytic performance.The composition,structure and copper valence state were characterized by means of BET,XRD,XPS,FTIR,N_2O-titration.It was found that the Cu/SiO_2 prepared by ammoniaevaporation(AE) method had much higher TOF value than that prepared by wetness-impregnation(WI)with the same THF selectivity.The higher TOF value was attributed to the coexistence of Cu~+ and Cu~0species in the activated AE-Cu/SiO_2.while only Cu° species existing in the activated Wl-Cu/SiO_2.Researches suggest that Cu~+ can adsorb and polarize the C=0 bond of DMM.It is concluded that Cu°could be the main active site and the synergistic effect between Cu~0 and Cu~+ could contribute to hydrogenation of DMM to THF.     

铜离子对植物激素6-苄基腺嘌呤的电催化氧化

６－苄基腺嘌呤（６－ＢＡ）属五大类植物激素中的细胞激动素类,其主要功能为促进细胞分裂,增加细胞数．植物激素的分析大多采用光度、荧光、色谱和免疫等方法［１］．用电化学分析方法对６－ＢＡ进行研究,不仅可望发展一种新的分析测试方法,也可较方便地研究６－ＢＡ...