用于氢键组装的星形光电材料的合成与表征

合成了一系列具有光电活性的星状共轭分子, 并在端基上引入了不同个数或不同类型的氢键基团. 包括端基上分别带有1, 2和3个羧酸基团的星状芴分子, 以及结构更为刚性的3个端基均为2,4-二胺基三嗪环的三聚茚分子, 以此形成一个系列的分子结构, 便于进行系统性研究. 同时我们对这些星状分子进行了紫外和荧光光谱的表征, 发现星状核和长烷基侧链能有效地阻止分子间π-π堆积和增大固态薄膜的无定形态. 最终这些功能性分子将有望由氢键诱导在石墨或者金属表面形成有序的自组装结构.     

氢键诱导侧链液晶高分子的分子理论

将自组装概念引入Flory-Huggins格子理论,导出定向混合的氢键诱导侧链液晶高分子体系在各向同性相的混合自由能和各组分的化学势;由Maier-Saupe平均场理论给出在向列相的混合自由能和各组分的化学势,建立了氢键诱导侧链液晶高分子的分子理论模型.计算结果表明,由于氢键的方向性和饱和性决定自组装体中主客体的容纳能力,在相图上出现一个峰值;提高氢键相互作用参数和增加羧基含量,不仅自组装体的热稳定性增加,而且峰值向小分子含量低的方向移动;聚合物分子量对自组装体的热稳定性影响存在一个临界值,超过临界值后,热稳定性与分子量无关.     

氰基二苯乙烯基超分子聚合物的构筑与光响应行为

通过在氰基二苯乙烯基元上引入氢键识别位点，驱使单体分子之间产生氢键与π-π堆积作用力的高效加合，构建了具有“成核-链增长”机制的超分子聚合物。通过获取组装热力学参数，揭示了酰胺及脲等不同氢键结构对于超分子聚合行为的影响规律。进一步利用超分子聚合态对于氰基二苯乙烯基元的限域效应，光照条件下特异性获得[2+2]环加成产物。与之相比，单体态时氰基二苯乙烯基元倾向于发生Z/E光异构化反应。这一研究结果可为多路径光化学反应的高效调控提供新的思路。     

含甲氧基偶氮苯液晶基元超分子的相行为研究

氢键是分子聚集和识别过程中的重要相互作用,利用分子间氢键,可设计并制备各种超分子体系材料,1989年,Kato等报道了吡啶基和羧酸基通过分子间氢键相互作用形成扩展液晶基元,得到了液晶稳定性增强的超分子液晶复合体系及侧链超分子液晶聚合物;同时,Lehn等报道了带脲嘧啶基和2,6-二酰胺吡啶基两种互补官能团的分子通过三重氢键缔合形成的主链超分子液晶。从此,迅速而广泛的开展利用氢键组装的超分子液晶体系的研究,并已组装合成出低分子型、     

具多重氢键寡聚芳酰胺的合成及自组装

含六重氢键寡聚芳酰胺双分子链在没有相应互补链的情况下, 其中一条链发生自组装. 通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、动态光散射(DLS)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等实验手段, 对其自组装行为进行了研究. 实验结果表明, 在1,2-二氯乙烷中随温度升高在紫外区吸收发生蓝移, 说明酰胺自组装体部分解聚. 该分子链在不同极性的溶剂中都能发生自组装, 并随极性不同表现为不同的形貌. 如在甲苯中呈网状结构, 在极性相对较弱的二氯甲烷和环己烷的混合溶剂中为不规则的蜂窝状结构, 而在三氯甲烷和甲醇组成的极性混合溶剂中则组装成稳定的实心微球, 其直径随着浓度升高而增大, 通过在乙腈中的降温过程, 观察到组装体形貌由管状纤维向实心球的转变.     

微波促进下拓扑选择性合成拱形分子夹受体--亚甲基桥连的甘脲二聚体

在主客体化学研究中,人工合成受体是人们认识分子行为,了解生命过程,模拟生物体中自进化、自组织、自识别、自组装等功能现象的重要媒介.特定结合位点的设置与特殊拓扑结构的选择性合成则是制备合成受体的瓶颈,也制约着主客体化学的发展.此外,对于具有潜在应用价值的合成受体,建立简捷快速的合成方法同样是极有意义的研究内容.甘脲作为具有特殊成键矢量信息的分子板块,在人工合成受体的构造中呈现出显著优势.基于甘脲的受体分子主要有Nolte的分子夹[1]、Rebek的分子胶囊[2]及Mock和Kim的葫芦脲[3]等三大类.在此基础上,Isaacs小组[4]最近成功设计合成了一种新型的拱形分子夹受体--亚甲基桥连的甘脲二聚体(化合物3),由于具有良好的疏水腔和疏水效应,其应用正受到广泛的重视.目前,合成此类分子夹受体,采用有机酸催化回流,反应时间较长(一般在20 h～1周),并生成两种拓扑结构的混合产物:C型和S型(Scheme 1).我们通过微波技术助催化合成了这种受体,得到了良好的结果.在相同的条件下,不仅大幅度缩短了反应时间(仅5血n),而且具有高度的拓扑选择性,主要生成产物3C,并保持与文献[4]接近的转化率.     

1,4-双[2-(4-吡啶基)乙烯基]苯衍生物的合成、光谱性质及理论研究

通过经典的Witting-Horner反应及Sonogashira交叉偶联反应以较高的产率合成得到4个不对称型氢键受体分子1,4-双[2-(4-吡啶基)乙烯基]苯衍生物,并对其结构及光谱性质开展了研究.系列化合物均通过核磁、元素分析及质谱的表征,晶体结构表明由于苯环邻位芳环乙炔基的空间效应导致氢键组装的构型发生改变.紫外可见光谱结合含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)计算表明目标化合物在紫外区域均呈现出强烈的π→π*及ICT跃迁吸收.荧光光谱表明随着共轭体系的逐渐增大也导致了它们的发射峰有一个红移的倾向,且有利于分子之间形成π-π堆积.以上结果将为后续的氢键自组装的区域选择性及光照环化实验研究提供了一定的合成基础及理论依据.     

2-脲基-4[1氢]-嘧啶酮四氢键萘-蒽超分子组装体系:"通过键"机制的单重态能量传递

设计合成了基于2-脉基-4[1氢]-嘧啶酮AADD四氢键萘-葱超分子组装体系UPNa·UPAn.稳态和时间分辨荧光光谱研究表明UPNa·UPAn四氢键组装体可以发生从茶到葱的高效、快速的单重态能量传递过程.体系内光诱导单重态能量传递的速度和效率远大于通过F(o)rster机制的单重态能量传递速率,表明组装体系UPNa·...     

带极性侧链的环[6]芳酰胺的球形自组装

环芳酰胺是一类基于三中心氢键促进,经寡聚前体一步大环合成法得到的刚性大环分子.通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、动态光散射(DLS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等实验手段,详细考察了侧链为三甘醇单甲基醚链,由六个苯环单元组成的环[6]芳酰胺的自组装行为.实验结果表明,该大环在1,2-二氯乙烷中发生自组装,其组装聚集体随温度升高产生从聚集体到单分子的解聚变化,至70℃时几乎完全解聚;在由良溶剂(二氯甲烷)和不良溶剂(芳烃类)组成的混合溶剂中,带有三甘醇醚链的环[6]芳酰胺化合物1自组装成微球,结合热稳定性实验和TEM证实是实心微球而非囊泡.进一步发现微球形成和形貌依赖于混合溶剂中不良溶剂的极性和种类,芳烃类溶剂有利于微球形成,而烷烃和极性溶剂则不利,后者更倾向于形成膜的结构.     

折叠链聚酯脲的合成与表征及其自组装行为研究

利用四甲基胍促进二羧酸与二溴代化合物的高效酯化聚合反应,设计、合成了一种新型手风琴式折叠链结构的聚酯脲.具有特殊结构的单体分别是4,4′-二羧基二苯基脲和3,5-二(溴代烷氧基)-苯甲酸酯,因此得到的聚酯脲具有类似接枝共聚物的结构.通过核磁氢谱(~1H-NMR)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对聚酯脲的结构及分子量进行了表征,结果显示,得到了分子量接近2×10~4的聚酯脲.通过核磁跟踪研究聚合反应动力学,结果表明,聚合反应速度与二溴单体的烷基链长度有关,二溴单体的烷基链较长时,聚合速率较慢.热重分析(TGA)结果显示,这种聚酯脲具有良好的热稳定性;由示差扫描量热(DSC)测试结果获知聚酯脲的熔融温度为57°C,表明它具有结晶性.脲基之间的氢键作用和苯环产生的π-π相互作用驱动这种聚酯脲在溶液中进行自组装.通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究聚酯脲的自组装行为,结果表明,该聚酯脲在氯仿和甲醇的混合有机溶剂中,静置4 h后,组装成片层结构;继续静置到3天后,形成了稳定的囊泡结构的聚集体,囊泡壁厚度约7 nm,接近折叠链宽度的预测值;小角X射线(XRD)测试结果表明聚酯脲是有序结构,进一步证实了合成的聚酯脲具有折叠链构象.     

Single-turn helix-coil strands stabilized by metal···metal and π-π interactions of the alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridyl moieties in meta-phenylene ethynylene foldamers

Dinuclear alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridyl complexes with oligomeric bridge consisting of five repeating meta-phenylene ethynylene (mPE) units have been found to exhibit a strong tendency to fold back onto themselves to form short helical strands through the stabilization of Pt···Pt and π-π interactions. The steric bulk of the terpyridine ligands and the length of the oligomeric bridge have been found to affect the extent of the intramolecular Pt···Pt interaction that governs the stabilization of the short helical strand in solution. Their folding properties via Pt···Pt and π-π stacking interactions have been studied by (1)H NMR, 2D ROESY NMR, electronic absorption, and emission spectroscopies.     

Self-sorting molecular clips

We report the synthesis and characterization of 12 C-shaped methylene-bridged glycoluril dimers (1-12) bearing H-bonding groups on their aromatic rings. Compounds 1, 2, (+/-)-4a, (+/-)-5, (+/-)-7, and 8 form tightly associated homodimers in CDCl3, due to the combined driving force of pi-pi and H-bonding interactions. Compounds 2, (+/-)-5, and 8, having disparate spatial distribution of their H-bonding groups, display the ability to efficiently distinguish between self and nonself even within three-component mixtures in CDCl3. When the spatial distributions of the H-bonding groups of the molecular clips are similar (e.g., 1 and 2), a mixture of homodimers and heterodimers is formed. The effect of various structural modifications (e.g., chirality, side chain steric bulk, number and pattern of H-bonds) on the strength of self-assembly and the fidelity of self-sorting are presented. On the basis of these results we prepared self-sorting systems comprising three (e.g., 1, (+/-)-5, and (+/-)-7) and even four ( 2, (+/-)-5, 9, and 10) components. The potential of molecular clips 1-12 as robust, functionalizable, self-sorting modules to control the noncovalent interaction network in systems chemistry studies is described.     

5-硝基间苯二甲酸钬配合物的合成、结构及标准摩尔生成焓

以5-硝基间苯二甲酸与硝酸钬在水溶液中反应制备了配合物Ho2(5-nip)2-(5-Hnip)2(H2O)8·4H2O(5-H2nip为5-硝基间苯二甲酸),并对其进行了元素分析、红外、热重和X-射线单晶衍射表征.结构分析表明,配合物中5-Hnip?以?2-?1:?1双齿桥连模式将两个相邻Ho3+离子连接成二聚体形式,分子间的O–H···O氢键和三种不同的?-?堆积作用使相邻的二聚体单元与游离水分子形成三维超分子结构.运用RD496-2000型微热量计在298.15 K下测定了该化合物在水溶液中生成反应的焓变.设计合理的热化学循环,辅助文献的热化学数据,以Hess定律计算得到了该化合物在298.15 K下的标准摩尔生成焓θf m?H为?(3371.5±16.9)kJ/mol.     

具有新颖嵌合作用的金属配合物的微波合成、晶体结构及性质研究

在微波辐射条件下合成了两种新的离子液体金属配合物[Ni(m-HNDA)2(H2O)4](1),[Zn(m-HNDA)2(H2O)4]·H2O(2),用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱对它们进行了表征,通过X射线单晶衍射测定了它们的晶体结构.在晶体结构中,标题物通过基团间的嵌合作用,π-π相互作用和分子间氢键自组装成了三维网状的多孔结构.由氢键和π-π相互作用的强弱推测标题物的稳定性次序2>1,与实测热稳定性次序完全吻合;电化学性质表明,金属的配位改变了配体的循环伏安性质.另外,两种配合物可在水溶液中高选择性的识别氟离子.     

Differences in structure, energy, and spectrum between neutral, protonated, and deprotonated phenol dimers: comparison of various density functionals with ab initio theory

We have carried out extensive calculations for neutral, cationic protonated, anionic deprotonated phenol dimers. The structures and energetics of this system are determined by the delicate competition between H-bonding, H-π interaction and π-π interaction. Thus, the structures, binding energies and frequencies of the dimers are studied by using a variety of functionals of density functional theory (DFT) and M?ller-Plesset second order perturbation theory (MP2) with medium and extended basis sets. The binding energies are compared with those of highly reliable coupled cluster theory with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations (CCSD(T)) at the complete basis set (CBS) limit. The neutral phenol dimer is unique in the sense that its experimental rotational constants have been measured. The geometry of the neutral phenol dimer is governed by the hydrogen bond formed by two hydroxyl groups and the H-π interaction between two aromatic rings, while the structure of the protonated/deprotonated phenol dimers is additionally governed by the electrostatic and induction effects due to the short strong hydrogen bond (SSHB) and the charges populated in the aromatic rings in the ionic systems. Our salient finding is the substantial differences in structure between neutral, protonated, and deprotonated phenol dimers. This is because the neutral dimer involves in both H(π)···O and H(π)···π interactions, the protonated dimer involves in H(π)···π interactions, and the deprotonated dimer involves in a strong H(π)···O interaction. It is important to compare the reliability of diverse computational approaches employed in quantum chemistry on the basis of the calculational results of this system. MP2 calculations using a small cc-pVDZ basis set give reasonable structures, but those using extended basis sets predict wrong π-stacked structures due to the overestimation of the dispersion energies of the π-π interactions. A few new DFT functionals with the empirical dispersion give reliable results consistent with the CCSD(T)/CBS results. The binding energies of the neutral, cationic protonated, and anionic deprotonated phenol dimers are estimated to be more than 28.5, 118.2, and 118.3 kJ mol(-1), respectively. The energy components of the intermolecular interactions for the neutral, protonated and deprotonated dimers are analyzed.     

二维层状铈配合物｛[Ce(aip)(Haip)(H_2O)_2]·H_2O｝n的水热合成及其晶体结构

在水热条件下,以Ce(NO3)3.6H2O和5-氨基间苯二甲酸为原料,合成了一种具有二维层状结构的铈配合物{[Ce(aip)(Haip)(H2O)2].H2O}n(H2aip=5-aminoisophthalic acid).利用红外光谱和X射线单晶衍射分析表征了其结构.结果表明,标题配合物属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数为:a=0.697 70(8)nm,b=1.928 8(13)nm,c=1.196 26(14)nm,α=90.209(2)°,β=97.388(2)°,γ=93.246(2)°,V=0.903 07(18)nm3,Z=2,Dc=2.032mg/m3,F(000)=544,R1=0.024 5,wR2=0.062 2.在该配合物中,中心金属离子Ce(Ⅲ)与氧相连形成九配位构型,并通过π…π堆积和氢键形成三维扩展结构.     

Synthesis, crystal structure and luminescence properties of europium complexes with a new terpyridine-like ligand

New 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 europium (Ⅲ) complexes with 2,4,6-tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1, 3,5-triazine have been prepared, and their luminescence has been demonstrated to be sensitive to the π-π stacking and H-bonding interactions.     

Communication: Competition between π···π interaction and halogen bond in solution: a combined 13C NMR and density functional theory study

Competition between π···π interaction and halogen bond in solution has been investigated by using carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13)C NMR) combined with density functional theory calculation. Both experimental and theoretical results clearly show that there are no C-Cl···π or C-Br···π halogen bonds and only the π···π interactions exist in the binary liquid mixtures of C(6)D(6) with C(6)F(5)Cl and C(6)F(5)Br, respectively. The case is totally different for the binary liquid mixtures of C(6)D(6) with C(6)F(5)I in which the C-I···π halogen bonds not the π···π interactions are present. The important role of entropy in the competition between π···π interaction and halogen bond in solution was also discussed.     

Crystal Structure of 6,6＇-（3,3＇,5,5＇-Tetra-tert-butylbiphenyl-2,2＇-diyl）bis（oxy）didibenzo-[d,f]-[1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine

The title complex,6,6-(3,3,5,5-tetra-tert-butylbiphenyl-2,2-diyl)bis(oxy)di-di-benzo[d,f]-[1,3,2] dioxaphosphepine(C52H56O6P2·C6H14,Mr = 881.99),was synthesized,and the structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction.The crystal belongs to the orthor-hombic system,space group Pbca,with a = 11.8400(13),b = 25.381(3),c = 34.243(4) ,V = 10290(2)3,Z = 8,Dc = 1.139 g/cm3,μ = 0.131 mm-1,T = 152(2) K,F(000) = 3768,the final R = 0.0773 and wR = 0.1820 for 9721 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I).The neighboring two molecules form a dimmer by face-to-face π…π interactions.     

Effects of the biological backbone on stacking interactions at DNA-protein interfaces: the interplay between the backbone···π and π···π components

The (gas-phase) MP2/6-31G*(0.25) π···π stacking interactions between the five natural bases and the aromatic amino acids calculated using (truncated) monomers composed of conjugated rings and/or (extended) monomers containing the biological backbone (either the protein backbone or deoxyribose sugar) were previously compared. Although preliminary energetic results indicated that the protein backbone strengthens, while the deoxyribose sugar either strengthens or weakens, the interaction calculated using truncated models, the reasons for these effects were unknown. The present work explains these observations by dissecting the interaction energy of the extended complexes into individual backbone···π and π···π components. Our calculations reveal that the total interaction energy of the extended complex can be predicted as a sum of the backbone···π and π···π components, which indicates that the biological backbone does not significantly affect the ring system through π-polarization. Instead, we find that the backbone can indirectly affect the magnitude of the π···π contribution by changing the relative ring orientations in extended dimers compared with truncated dimers. Furthermore, the strengths of the individual backbone···π contributions are determined to be significant (up to 18 kJ mol(-1)). Therefore, the origin of the energetic change upon model extension is found to result from a balance between an additional (attractive) backbone···π component and differences in the strength of the π···π interaction. In addition, to understand the effects of the biological backbone on the stacking interactions at DNA-protein interfaces in nature, we analyzed the stacking interactions found in select DNA-protein crystal structures, and verified that an additive approach can be used to examine the strength of these interactions in biological complexes. Interestingly, although the presence of attractive backbone···π contacts is qualitatively confirmed using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), QTAIM electron density analysis is unable to quantitatively predict the additive relationship of these interactions. Most importantly, this work reveals that both the backbone···π and π···π components must be carefully considered to accurately determine the overall stability of DNA-protein assemblies.