Microscopic study of odd-A nuclei

The odd-proton nucleus¹⁵⁵Tb and odd-neutron nucleus¹⁵⁵Dy are studied along with doubly-even nucleus¹⁵⁶Dy using microscopic method of variation after projection of angular momentum and conservation of nucleon number in each projected state. The calculated energies of the ground band in¹⁵⁶Dy and the ground and excited bands in¹⁵⁵Dy and¹⁵⁵Tb are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. The role played by thei _13/2 neutron pair in these nuclei is discussed.     

Effective decoupling in some odd-A odd-Z rotational bands

A systematic analysis of the results of single quasiparticle-plus-rotor bandmixing calculations is presented wherein the empirically noticed characteristic effective decoupling patterns and their systematics in certain odd-A odd-Z rotational bands based onh9/2, d1/2, h _11/2 andg _7/2 orbitals are reproduced. The strategy adopted allows us to obtain an almost unique set of parameter values for a given decoupling pattern. The composition of wavefunctions in terms of core rotational angular momentum supports the idea of effective decoupling. These wavefunctions are then used to analyse the extent and nature of Coriolis coupling in these bands. It is found that either one or both parts of the Coriolis energies, diagonal and non-diagonal, are significant in most of the cases and the non-diagonal part is mainly responsible for the effective decoupling. These Coriolis effects prominently affect the intrabandB(M1) andB(E2) values and their variation with spin is discussed. An unusual feature in theB(M1) value of theh9/2 orbital based band is pointed out.     

Effect of interband interaction on isotope effect exponent of MgB2 superconductors

The exact formula of T_c’s equation and the isotope effect exponent of two-band s-wave superconductors in the weak-coupling limit are derived by considering the influence of interband interaction. In each band, our model consists of two pairing interactions: the electron-phonon interaction and non-electron-phonon interaction. We find that the isotope effect exponent of MgB₂, α = 0.3 with T_c ≈ 40 K can be found in the weak coupling regime and interband interaction of electron-phonon shows more effect on the isotope effect exponent than on the interband interaction of non-phonon.     

稀土区奇质子Lu和Ta核旋称反转研究

研究了奇质子核Lu和Ta同位素链h11/2质子9／2[514]转动带旋称劈裂的系统规律，并与同一核区奇奇核的πh11/2×vi13/2两准粒子转动带低自旋区旋称劈裂规律进行了比较，指出奇质子Lu和Ta核三准粒子带的旋称反转很可能是来源于h11/2准质子和 i13/2准中子之间的相互作用。The systematic features of signature splitting of the h11/2 9/2 [ 514] rotational band in Lutetium and Tantalum isotope chains have been investigated and compared with that of πh11/2×vi13/2 2-quasiparticle band in oddodd nuclei of the same nuclear region. It is shown that signature inversion of 3-quasiparticle band of some odd- Z Lutetium and Tantalum nuclei most probably caused by the p-n interaction of h11/2 quasiproton and i13/2 quasineutron.     

Shell model in nuclei—a historical overview

The nuclear shell model is (over)viewed with examples from its early phase to its current status.     

The collective bands of positive parity states in odd-A (fp) shell nuclei

The low-lying collective bands of positive parity states in (fp) shell nuclei are described in the deformed Hartree-Fock method by projecting states of definite angular momenta from ‘the lowest energy intrinsic states in (sd)⁻¹ (fp) ⁿ⁺¹ configurations. The modified Kuo-Brown effective interaction for (fp) shell and modified surface delta interaction (MSDI) for a hole in (sd) shell with a particle in (fp) shell have been used. The collective bands of states are in general well reproduced by the effective interactions. The excitation energies of the band head states are however off by about one MeV. The calculated magnetic moments of the band headj=3/2⁺ states are in reasonable agreement with experiment. Using effective chargese _p=1.33e ande _n=0.64e we get fairly good agreement forE(2) transitions. The hinderedM(1) transition strengths are reproduced to the correct order however they are slightly higher compared to experiment.     

Do we understand the electric quadrupole strength distributions in magic nuclei?

A comparison between the electric quadrupole (E2) strength distributions in ^{40, 48}Ca with new results from ⁵²Cr is presented. The deduced E2 strength distributions and the exhaustion of the isoscalar energy-weighted E2 sum rule are very different. Microscopic approaches fail to reproduce these differences. A survey of the available data shows that the exhaustion of the energy-weighted isoscalar E2 sum rule in doubly magic nuclei below the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance is typically more than two times larger than in semi-magic nuclei. On the other hand, the E2 strength in this energy region exhausts about 50% of the total E2 strength, independent from shell closures.     

Collective octupole vibration and proton single-particle levels in zirconium nuclei

Self-energy correction to the shell model single-particle motion, arising from the excitation of octupole vibration in the intermediate state, accounts quite well for the energy shifts of the 2p _1/2 and 1g _9/2 proton orbits in zirconium nuclei.     

The odd-even shifts in odd-odd deformed nuclei based on residual interaction studies

Residual interaction calculations have been made for predicting the sign and the magnitude of the odd-even shifts observed in the rotational levels of theK=0 bands in the doubly-odd rare earth nuclei. It is shown that, contrary to the conclusions reached in earlier studies, the same zero-range spin-dependent residual interaction can reproduce the odd-even shifts as well as the GM splitting energies. This has been made possible with the inclusion of the phase factors for the total intrinsic spin and the total parity of the two-quasi-particle states in the Newby matrix elements. Predictions are made for the odd-even shifts for otherK=0 bands arising from several configurations not confirmed or observed so far.     

Weak interaction rates for Kr and Sr waiting-point nuclei under rp-process conditions

Weak interaction rates are studied in neutron deficient Kr and Sr waiting-point isotopes in ranges of densities and temperatures relevant for the rp process. The nuclear structure is described within a microscopic model (deformed QRPA) that reproduces not only the half-lives but also the Gamow–Teller strength distributions recently measured. The various sensitivities of the decay rates to both density and temperature are discussed. Continuum electron capture is shown to contribute significantly to the weak rates at rp-process conditions.     

Properties of proton-rich nuclei in a three-body model

Using a three-body model and realistic two-body potentials, we investigate the properties of the nuclei ¹⁸Ne and ²⁸S near the proton dripline. We figure out the two-proton separation energies, occupation of the valence protons, root-mean-square radii of matter and the valence protons. Besides, the spatial correlation densities are displayed to reflect the correlation between the two valence protons. The first excited 0⁺ state of ¹⁸Ne is most likely to be a halo state according to our calculation. Turning off the Coulomb interactions among the three-body systems, we get the two-neutron separation energies and configuration of the valence neutrons of their corresponding mirror nuclei. The results indicate that the three-body model is proper to describe some proton-rich nuclei and can be used to deduce reliable information.     

Beta decay rates for nuclei with 115<A<140 for r-process nucleosynthesis

For r-process nucleosynthesis the β-decay rates for a number of neutron-rich intermediate heavy nuclei are calculated. The model for the β-strength function is able to reproduce the observed half-lives quite well.     

A simple model for doublet bands in doubly odd nuclei

Nuclear structure of doublet bands in doubly odd nuclei with mass A ∼ 130 is investigated within the framework of a simple model where the even-even core couples with a neutron and a proton in intruder orbitals through a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction. The model reproduces quite well the energy levels of doublet bands and electromagnetic transitions. The staggering of the ratios B(M1;I → I - 1)/B(E2;I → I - 2) of the yrast bands turns out to be described by the chopsticks-like motion of two angular momenta of the unpaired neutron and the unpaired proton when they are weakly coupled with the core.-1 An erratum to this article is available at .     

Application of a quadrupole-coupling model to doublet bands in doubly-odd nuclei

A simple model is applied to the yrast and yrare states based on the νh _11/2 ⊗ πh _11/2 configuration in the doubly-odd nuclei around the mass 130. In the model, the basis state is constructed by one neutron and one proton both in the 0h _11/2 orbital, and by the collective core which couples with the two particles through a quadrupole interaction. The model reproduces quite well the overall energy levels and the electromagnetic transitions. The analysis of the yrast and yrare states reveals that the angular-momentum configuration of the neutron and the proton in the yrast states is different from that in the yrare states, when the two particles are weakly coupled with the quadrupole collective excitations of the core. The strong even-odd staggering of the ratios B(M1;I → I - 1)/B(E2;I → I - 2) for the yrast states is described by the chopsticks-like motion of two angular momenta of the neutron and the proton.     

Breaking of the SU(4) limit for the Gamow-Teller strength in N ∼ Z nuclei

We have performed large-scale shell model calculations of the Gamow-Teller strength distributions in N ∼ Z pf -shell nuclei. These calculations were motivated by the experimental attempts to measure the low-lying GT strength for the even-even N = Z + 2 or N = Z - 2 nuclei ⁴⁶Ti , ⁵⁰Cr , ⁵⁴Fe and ⁶²Ge , where a sizable low-energy GT strength could be interpreted as reminiscence of SU(4) symmetry; in the limit of exact SU(4) symmetry the GT_- strength would be concentrated in a single transition to the lowest T = 0, J = 1⁺ state in the daughter. We confirm that the SU(4) symmetry is strongly broken by the spin-orbit interaction and by increasing neutron excess.     

Final-state interaction in semi-inclusive DIS off nuclei

The Final-State Interaction (FSI) in Deep-Inelastic Scattering (DIS) of leptons off a nucleus A, due to the propagation of the struck nucleon debris and its hadronization in the nuclear environment is considered. The effective cross-section of such a partonic system with the nucleons of the medium and its time dependence are estimated, for different values of the Bjorken scaling variable, on the basis of a model which takes into account both the production of hadrons due to the breaking of the color string, which is formed after a quark is knocked out off a bound nucleon, as well as the production of hadrons originating from gluon radiation. It is shown that the interaction, the evolution and the hadronization of the partonic system in the nuclear environment can be thoroughly investigated by a new type of semi-inclusive process, denoted A(e, e'(A - 1))X, in which the scattered lepton is detected in coincidence with a heavy nuclear fragment, namely a nucleus (A - 1) in low energy and momentum states. As a matter of fact, if the FSI is disregarded, the momentum distribution of (A - 1) is directly related to the momentum distribution of the nucleon before γ^* absorption, i.e. the same quantity which appears in the conventional A(e, e'N)X process, where N denotes a nucleon. The rescattering of the struck nucleon debris with the medium damps and distorts the momentum distributions of (A - 1) in a way which is very sensitive to the details of the effective cross-section of the debris with the nucleons of the medium. The total cross-section of the process A(e, e'(A - 1))X on ⁴He, ¹⁶O, and ⁴⁰Ca, related to the probability that after a target nucleon experiences a DIS process, the recoiling (A - 1) nucleus remains intact in spite of the strong FSI, is evaluated, and the distorted momentum distribution of the recoiling (A - 1) system is obtained. It is shown that both quantities are very sensitive to the details of the early stage of hadronization of the nucleon debris in the nuclear medium. Received: 28 June 2002 / Accepted: 15 January 2003 / Published online: 5 May 2003     

Structure of nuclei in the regionA = 70

The structure of the selenium nuclei in the regionA = 70 is studied using our deformed configuration mixing (DCM) shell model based on Hartree-Fock states. An effective interaction given by Kuo and modified by Bhatt is used. An attempt is made to understand the coexistence of shapes in selenium nuclei.     

Center-of-mass problem in truncated configuration interaction and coupled-cluster calculations

The problem of center-of-mass (CM) contaminations in ab initio nuclear structure calculations using configuration interaction (CI) and coupled-cluster (CC) approaches is analyzed. A rigorous and quantitative scheme for diagnosing the CM contamination of intrinsic observables is proposed and applied to ground-state calculations for ⁴He and ¹⁶O. The CI and CC calculations for ¹⁶O based on model spaces defined via a truncation of the single-particle basis lead to sizable CM contaminations, while the importance-truncated no-core shell model based on the N_maxΩ space is virtually free of CM contaminations.