Adaptive Integrated Optical Bragg Grating in Semiconductor Waveguide Suitable for Optical Signal Processing

This article presents a methodology for an integrated Bragg grating using an alloy of GaAs, AlGaAs, and InGaAs with a controllable refractive index to obtain an adaptive Bragg grating suitable for many applications on optical processing and adaptive control systems, such as limitation and filtering. The refractive index of a Bragg grating is controlled by using an external electric field for controlling periodic modulation of the refractive index of the active waveguide region. The designed Bragg grating has refractive indices programmed by using that external electric field. This article presents two approaches for designing the controllable refractive indices active region of a Bragg grating. The first approach is based on the modification of a planar micro-strip structure of the iGaAs traveling wave as the active region, and the second is based on the modification of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots of an alloy from GaAs and InGaAs with a GaP traveling wave. The overall design and results are discussed through numerical simulation by using the finite-difference time-domain, plane wave expansion, and opto-wave simulation methods to confirm its operation and feasibility.     

Focusing of X-rays by bent crystals

The coefficient of X-ray reflection from a bent Bragg mirror is obtained on the basis of the principle of locality. The focusing of X-ray quanta by bent crystals is considered. The caustics for the X-rays reflected from the bent Bragg mirror are determined.     

Vertical－cavity Surface－emitting Lasers Fabricated Twice by Implantation Using TungstenWireasMaskandZincDiffusion

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Small signal intensity modulation of external cavity lasers with fiber Bragg gratings

The small signal intensity modulation (IM) of a hybrid soliton pulse source (HSPS) utilizing Gaussian apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is described using electric field approach. The HSPS is modeled by a time-domain solution of the coupled-mode equations. It is shown that type of external cavity is important effect on resonance peak spectral splitting (RPSS) in IM response as well as effect of laser and FBG parameters. It is also shown that the RPSS can be suppressed by using linearly chirped Gaussian apodized FBG as an external cavity insted of Gaussian apodized FBG.     

Coupling of exciton states in superlattice and bulk GaAs optoelectronic modulators,studied by density matrix models and optical modulation spectroscopy

The dielectric function of GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices and bulk GaAs material are studied with density matrix models and modulation spectroscopy on optoelectronic modulator devices, showing the Coulomb enhanced Wannier–Stark effect and the Coulomb enhanced Franz–Keldysh effect, respectively. The models include the Coulomb interaction for the coupled excitonic states and an applied electric field. Transfer matrix models are used to calculate the reflection or transmission spectra of the devices. The dielectric function is modulated by the electric field over the active layer, by optical pumping of the p–i–n–i structure of the superlattice device and by electrical contacts for the bulk GaAs modulator device. In both material structures the exciton dissociates or polarizes due to the applied electric field, modulating the dielectric function and reflected or transmitted light.     

Dynamics of difference frequency radiation generation in the field of few-cycle laser pulse propagating in GaAs crystal with domain structure

We consider the process of generation of difference frequency in a GaAs crystal with periodic domain structure during propagation of a few-cycle laser pulse in the crystal in the regime of weakly expressed chromatic dispersion. Method of lines is used to obtain numerical solution to the system of coupled nonlinear differential equations in partial derivatives describing the evolution of the electric field of a few-cycle laser pulse in GaAs crystal both with periodic and aperiodic domain structure. It is shown that employing GaAs crystal with domain structure allows controlling the instantaneous frequency of broadband pulse radiation at difference frequency.     

Integrated optical electric field sensor based on a Bragg grating in lithium niobate

We demonstrate a new sensor concept for the measurement of oscillating electric fields that is based on Bragg gratings in LiNbO₃:Ti channel waveguides. This miniaturized sensor that works in a retroreflective scheme does not require metallic electrodes and can be directly immersed in an oscillating electric field. The electric field induces a shift of the Bragg wavelength of the reflection grating that is due to the electro-optic effect. The operating point of the sensor is chosen by adjusting the laser wavelength to the slope of the spectral reflectivity function of the grating. In this way the magnitude of an external electric field is measured precisely as the amplitude of modulated reflected light intensity by using a lock-in amplifier. The sensor principle is demonstrated by detecting low-frequency electric fields ranging from 50 V/cm to 5 kV/cm without any conducting parts of the sensor head. Furthermore, the ability of the sensor to determine the three-dimensional orientation of an external electric field by a single rotation along the waveguide direction is demonstrated. PACS 42.40.Eq; 42.82.-m; 42.82.Et     

胆甾相液晶电控螺旋畸变导致的布拉格反射特性

研究了平面织构胆甾相液晶在垂直于螺旋轴方向施加电场后,引起螺旋畸变导致布拉格反射光强度变化特性,利用液晶矩阵光学,琼斯矩阵法与Matlab矩阵计算软件对有螺旋畸变情况下的布拉格反射光谱特性进行了分析和数值计算.从数值计算和实验结果可知,胆甾相液晶在其垂直螺旋轴方向施加不同电压电场时,布拉格反射光中心波长不随电压改变,而布拉格反射光强会随电压的增大而减弱.提出一种电致螺旋畸变模型,对实验结果和数值计算结果给出了合理的解释,认为利用电场改变胆甾相液晶螺距进而设计电控颜色变化液晶器件的原理是不可靠的.     

折射率调制脉冲射线探测技术原理验证

为验证折射率调制的脉冲射线束探测技术,建立了原理验证系统。该系统基于平行平板干涉原理,测量传感介质的折射率在射线激发下的瞬时变化。传感介质为GaAs,探针光为1310nm单模激光,外界激发射线源平均能量为300keV,脉宽为20ns。使用带宽775kHz的近红外InGaAs光电探测器,观测到了GaAs晶体在脉冲射线激发下的折射率变化。初步理论分析表明,射线脉冲在GaAs中产生的非平衡载流子浓度为1014 cm-3量级,折射率变化为10-6量级。折射率变化的实验结果与理论计算在量级上是符合的。实验结果表明,基于折射率调制的脉冲射线束探测技术基本可行,利用该系统可进一步发展高时间分辨的脉冲射线束探测技术。     

采用WDM技术的光纤Bragg光栅传感网络

采用绝对测量原理的波长调制技术,光纤Bragg光栅可组成并行、串行和阵列WDM拓扑结构.分析表明,光纤Bragg光栅网络的工作原理类似于一个多宽带平面镜.利用光谱仪可测量上述光纤Bragg光栅网络的反射谱,其中,光源是宽带为～40nm的掺饵光纤放大器.当网络中的光纤Bragg光栅受扰动后,受扰光栅的反射谱发生相应的变化,即Bragg波长发生相应的偏移.结果表明,当事先确定了光纤光栅的波长调制范围,反射的峰值波长能反应光纤光栅传感网络的信息.值得注意的是～3nm的波长调制范围可满足～100℃和～2000με的参量测量.     

Normal-incidence electrostatic Rydberg atom mirror

A Rydberg atom mirror has been designed and its operational principle tested experimentally. A supersonic expansion containing H atoms moving with a velocity of 720 m/s initially propagates toward a quadrupolar electrostatic mirror. The H atoms are then photoexcited to n=27 Rydberg states with a positive Stark shift and move in a rapidly increasing electric field. The H atom beam is stopped in 4.8 micros, only 1.9 mm away from the photoexcitation spot, and is then reflected back. The reflection process is monitored by pulsed field ionization and imaging.     

Analysis and design of nonlinear fiber Bragg gratings and their application for optical compression of reflected pulses

We demonstrate a novel split-step solution for analyzing nonlinear fiber Bragg gratings. The solution is used for designing nonlinear fiber Bragg gratings with a low reflectivity. The structure of the grating is designed according to the profiles of the incident and reflected pulses. We demonstrate our method for nonlinear compression of a pulse reflected from a fiber Bragg grating. The method allows us to obtain compressed pulses with a very low wing intensity.     

Diode-pumped mode-locked Yb:YCOB laser generating 35 fs pulses

Direct sub-50-fs pulse generation is demonstrated with a mode-locked Yb:YCa4O(BO3)3 laser. With external compression, pulses as short as 35 fs are generated at 1055 nm. The oscillator operating at a repetition rate of 95 MHz is pumped by a two-section distributed Bragg reflector tapered diode laser and mode locked by a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. The onset of self-Raman-conversion for pulse spectral bandwidths exceeding 40 nm (FWHM) is observed.     

Temporal control of amplified femtosecond pulses with a deformable mirror in a stretcher

We correct the spectral phases of amplified femtosecond pulses by using a deformable mirror in the stretcher. After the correction the peak intensity is multiplied by 1.5 as a consequence of increasing the contrast by 100x . The spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction is used to characterize the pulse temporally.     

半绝缘GaAs光电导开关产生太赫兹波电场屏蔽效应的二维Monte Carlo模拟

利用Ensemble-Monte Carlo模拟方法，对不同实验条件下半绝缘GaAs(SI-GaAs)光电导开关作为偶极辐射天线在辐射太赫兹电磁波(太赫兹波)中体内电场的分布以及空间电荷屏蔽效应对太赫兹波辐射的影响进行了模拟.载流子的时域空间电场分布表明:用高能量激光脉冲触发低压偏置的GaAs开关，空间电荷屏蔽是限制太赫兹波辐射功率的一个重要因素，并且空间电荷屏蔽能够引起太赫兹波呈现双极性.当高能量飞秒激光脉冲以全电极间隙触发大孔径光电导天线时，空间电荷电场屏蔽效应对太赫兹波的影响不大. 关键词： 光电导开关 Ensemble-Monte Carlo模拟 辐射场屏蔽 空间电荷屏蔽     

Etched facet and semiconductor/air DBR facet of a AlGaInP laser diode prepared by focused ion beam milling

The study of focused ion beam (FIB) milling for making etched facet and semiconductor/air distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) facets of AlGaInP-based red laser diodes (LD) is presented in this letter. For the Ga ion beam current of 100 pA at fixed accelerated voltage 30 kV, FIB milling rate of GaAs was found to be 0.46 μm³/nC. As a trade-off between high reflectivity and enough technical tolerance, the combination of third Bragg orders of semiconductor wall and air gap was chosen. The deeply etched mirror and distributed Bragg reflector facet consisting of pairs of semiconductor wall/air gap on laser diodes (LD) cavity facets with vertical sidewall on AlGaInP LDs were fabricated by focused Ga ion beam milling. Comparison of the AlGaInP LD with the mirrors between cleaved and FIB made facet was given and discussed.     

线性模式下GaAs光电导开关的时间抖动特性

针对线性模式下GaAs光电导开关时间抖动特性的研究,对提高精密同步控制系统的输出性能具有重要意义.根据电脉冲的概率分布和时间与电脉冲波形的对应关系,结合载流子的输运过程,对光电导开关时间抖动进行了定性的理论推导.此外,通过搭建实验平台,利用正交光栅分光,将一束激光同时触发两路并联的GaAs光电导开关,改变触发激光脉冲宽度及外加偏置电压测试开关时间抖动,根据实验值的对比分析,得出在不同的外加偏置电压下,随着触发激光脉冲宽度的减小,开关时间抖动值随之减小.验证了触发激光脉冲宽度对开关时间抖动的影响及理论分析的正确性.研究结果对GaAs光电导开关时间抖动的进一步减小具有一定的指导意义.     

基于Alq:DCJTI薄膜的光泵浦650nm微腔激光

设计研制了以分布式布拉格反射镜为腔镜、以主客体掺杂的红光发光材料Alq:DCJTI为增益介质的有机微腔结构。通过传输矩阵法对腔内驻波光场进行了模拟, 确定了合理的微腔结构。在紫外脉冲激光的泵浦下研究了微腔的激光性能。该微腔激光器的输出波长位于650nm, 观察到了明显的激光现象, 其中阈值强度约为110W·cm^-2, 阈值前后的FWHM从4.7nm窄化到3.2nm。     

Opto-Mechanical Effects in Superradiant Light Scattering by Bose-Einstein Condensate in an Optical Cavity

We investigate the effects of a movable mirror (cantilever) of an optical cavity on the superradiant light scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in an optical lattice. We show that the mirror motion has a dynamic dispersive effect on the cavity-pump detuning. Varying the intensity of the pump beam, one can switch between the pure superradiant regime and the Bragg scattering regime. The mechanical frequency of the mirror strongly influences the time interval between two Bragg peaks. We find that when the system is in the resolved side band regime for mirror cooling, the superradiant scattering is enhanced due to coherent energy transfer from the mechanical mirror mode to the cavity field mode.     

Opto-Mechanical Effects in Superradiant Light Scattering by Bose-Einstein Condensate in an Optical Cavity

We investigate the effects of a movable mirror (cantilever) of an optical cavity on the superradiant light scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in an optical lattice. We show that the mirror motion has a dynamic dispersive effect on the cavity-pump detuning. Varying the intensity of the pump beam, one can switch between the pure superradiant regime and the Bragg scattering regime. The mechanical frequency of the mirror strongly influences the time interval between two Bragg peaks. We find that when the system is in the resolved side band regime for mirror cooling, the superradiant scattering is enhanced due to coherent energy transfer from the mechanical mirror mode to the cavity field mode.