On bounds for primary creep in symmetric pressure vessels

The field equations governing primary creep in spherical and incompressible cylindrical pressure vessels subject to a non-decreasing internal pressure are reduced to a single equation in the effective stress. The effects of elastic strains are included. Using this equation, bounds and monotonicity properties are established for the effective stress at any point in the body at any time. It is also shown that these results imply upper and lower bounds for the displacement. These bounds are stated explicitly for the displacement of the outer surface of the vessel.     

A new finite element scheme using the Lagrangian framework for simulation of viscoelastic fluid flows

A new numerical scheme for simulation of viscoelastic fluid flows was designed, making use of finite element algorithms generally regarded as advantageous for tackling the problem. This includes the Lagrangian approach for the solution of viscoelastic constitutive equation using the co-deformational frame of reference with a possibility of analytically solving the equation along the particles trajectories, which in turn allowed eluding the solution of any system of linear equations for the stress. Then, the full ellipticity of the momentum conservation equation was utilised thanks to a possibility of accurate determination of the stress tensor independently of the velocity field at the current stage of computation. The needed independent stress was calculated at each time step on the basis of the past deformation history, which in turn was determined on the basis of the past velocity fields, all incorporated into a modified Euler time stepping algorithm. Owing to explicit inclusion of the full viscous term from the viscoelastic model into the momentum conservation equation, no stress splitting was necessary. The trajectory feet tracking was done accurately using a semi-analytic solution of the displacement gradient evolution equation and a weak formulation of the kinematics equation, the latter at the expense of solving an extra symmetric system of linear equations.The error expressed in the form of the Sobolev norms was determined using a comparison with available analytical solution for UCM fluid in the transient regime or numerically obtained steady-state stress values for the PTT fluid in Couette flow. The implementation of the PTT fluid model was done by modifying the relative displacement gradient tensor so that a new convective frame was defined.The stability of the algorithm was assessed using the well-known benchmark problem of a sphere sedimenting in a tube with viscoelastic fluid. The stable numerical results were obtained at high Weissenberg numbers, with the limit of convergence Wi=6.6, exceeding any previously reported values. The robustness of the code was proven by simulation of the Weissenberg effect (the rod-climbing phenomenon) with the use of PTT fluid.     

非饱和土半空间Lamb问题及能量传输特性

地球表面绝大多数土层处于非饱和状态, 故采用传统饱和两相介质理论进行动力学分析时, 结果往往与实际情况不符. 针对这一问题, 本文以非饱和半空间作为研究对象, 基于连续介质力学和多孔介质理论, 考虑非饱和多孔介质中各相的质量守恒方程、动量守恒方程、本构方程以及有效应力原理等基本方程, 建立了以骨架位移、孔隙水压力和孔隙气压力为基本未知量的动力学控制方程. 针对非饱和半空间表面在竖向集中简谐荷载作用下的动力学响应及能量传输问题, 建立了频域内经典Lamb问题的轴对称计算模型, 采用Helmholtz分解法, 通过引入势函数Φ和Ψ表示骨架的位移分量, 结合本构方程获得了不同边界条件下半空间表面位移场和能量场等物理量的解析解答, 并通过数值算例对荷载参数(激振频率)、材料参数(饱和度、渗透系数)等影响因素进行了分析与讨论. 结果表明: (1)饱和度的升高或者激振频率下降, 都会提高非饱和半空间的表面位移幅值; (2)当渗透系数下降至一临界值时, 地表位移幅值会趋于一极限值, 并且透水(气)边界与不透水(气)边界条件下渗透系数的影响表现出明显的差异性.      

Analytical solution to a mixed boundary value elastic problem of a roller-guided panel of laminated composite

This study presents an analytical solution to elastic field in a roller-guided panel of symmetric cross-ply laminated composite material. The mixed boundary value two-dimensional plane stress elasticity problem is formulated in terms of a single displacement potential function. This reduces the problem to the solution of a single fourth order partial differential equation of equilibrium as the other equilibrium equation is satisfied automatically. The solution is obtained in terms of an infinite Fourier series. To present some numerical results, a panel of glass/epoxy laminated composite is considered and different components of stress and displacement at different sections of the panel are presented graphically. To justify the present analytical solution, it is compared with the finite element solution obtained by using the commercial software ANSYS. It is found that the two solutions agree well with each other. This ensures that the formulation developed in this study based on the displacement potential approach can be used to obtain analytical solution of an elastic field in structural elements of laminated composite under any mode of boundary conditions prescribed in terms of either stress, displacement or any combination of these.     

Elastoplastic analysis of cylindrically orthotropic composite thick-walled tube

In the present paper, Tsai-Hill Yield Criterion in a state of plane strain is derived for incompressible and compressible materials respectively. the elastoplastic stress and displacement fields of cylindrically orthotropic composite thick-walled tube under uniform radial pressure are studied. The formulas of the yield pressure, limit pressure and region of shakedown are obtained.     

On thermoelastostatics of composites with nonlocal properties of constituents II. Estimation of effective material and field parameters

One considers a linear thermoelastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a statistically homogeneous random set of ellipsoidal uncoated or coated heterogeneities. It is assumed that the stress–strain constitutive relations of constituents are described by the nonlocal integral operators, whereas the equilibrium and compatibility equations remain unaltered as in classical local elasticity. The general integral equations connecting the stress and strain fields in the point being considered and the surrounding points are obtained. The method is based on a centering procedure of subtraction from both sides of a known initial integral equation their statistical averages obtained without any auxiliary assumptions such as, e.g., effective field hypothesis implicitly exploited in the known centering methods. In a simplified case of using of the effective field hypothesis for analyzing composites with one sort of heterogeneities, one proves that the effective moduli explicitly depend on both the strain and stress concentrator factor for one heterogeneity inside the infinite matrix and does not directly depend on the elastic properties (local or nonlocal) of heterogeneities. In such a case, the Levin’s (1967) formula in micromechanics of composites with locally elastic constituents is generalized to their nonlocal counterpart. A solution of a volume integral equation for one heterogeneity subjected to inhomogeneous remote loading inside an infinite matrix is proposed by the iteration method. The operator representation of this solution is incorporated into the new general integral equation of micromechanics without exploiting of basic hypotheses of classical micromechanics such as both the effective field hypothesis and “ellipsoidal symmetry” assumption. Quantitative estimations of results obtained by the abandonment of the effective field hypothesis are presented.     

不同排水条件下非饱和土中柱孔扩张问题的解析分析

现有的圆柱孔扩张理论已可为诸如石油工程中井筒稳定性鉴定、 及旁压和圆锥贯入实验分析等提供理论依据, 但在非饱和地基压力注浆, 复合地基处理等实际工程问题中却鲜有应用. 基于弹塑性理论和非饱和土力学原理, 采用统一强度理论, 对非饱和土中柱形小孔扩张问题进行了解析研究. 首先将柱孔周围土体分为弹性区和塑性区, 并考虑在弹性区遵循小应变理论, 在塑性区遵循大应变理论, 同时考虑了中间主应力及粒间吸力对非饱和土体强度的影响. 其次应用有效应力表示的统一强度准则, 在本构关系、几何方程、动量平衡方程等基本方程的基础上, 结合相应的边界条件, 最终获得了不同排水条件下柱孔扩张时周围弹塑性区域内的应力场、应变场、位移场及极限扩孔压力的解析表达式. 通过数值算例和参数分析, 在与现有的饱和及非饱和土中柱孔扩张理论进行退化验证的同时, 分析了吸力、剪胀参数、中主应力效应参数及初始径向有效应力等对弹塑性区域内的应力场、应变场及位移场的影响规律, 验证了本文理论的正确性及有效性, 以期为实际工程问题提供合理的理论依据.      

On the determination of elastodynamic crack tip stress fields

A linear elastic body in plane strain which contains a stationary crack and which is initially at rest and stress free is considered. It is shown that if the elastodynamic displacement field and stress intensity factor are known, as functions of crack length, for any symmetrical distribution of time-varying forces which acts on the body, subsequent to t=0, then the stress intensity factor due to any other symmetrical load system whatsoever which acts on the same body may be directly determined. The other load system may be of arbitrary spatial distribution and time variation. Further, that part of the elastodynamic displacement field due to the other load system, which arises from the presence of the crack, may also be directly determined. The results are obtained by extension of Rice's mode of derivation of the corresponding Bueckner-Rice elastostatic results to Laplace-transformed elastodynamic variables. Likewise, the existence of a universal elastodynamic “weight function” for any given cracked body is demonstrated. As an application, Freund's recent result for the stress intensity factor due to suddenly applied concentrated forces on the crack surfaces is derived directly by our method, from de Hoop's earlier solution for suddenly applied uniform pressures.     

应用边界积分法求圆形夹杂问题的解析解

边界元方法作为一种数值方法, 在各种科学工程问题中得到了广泛的应用.本文参考了边界元法的求解思路, 从Somigliana等式出发, 利用格林函数性质,得到了一种边界积分法, 使之可以用来寻求弹性问题的解析解.此边界积分法也可以从Betti互易定理得到. 应用此新方法, 求解了圆形夹杂问题.首先设定夹杂与基体之间完美连接, 将界面处的位移与应力按照傅里叶级数展开,根据问题的对称性与三角函数的正交性来简化假设, 减少待定系数的个数.其次选择合适的试函数(试函数满足位移单值条件以及无体力的线弹性力学问题的控制方程),应用边界积分法, 求得界面处的位移与应力的值. 然后再求解域内位移与应力.得到了问题的精确解析解, 当夹杂弹性模量为零或趋向于无穷大时,退化为圆孔或刚性夹杂问题的解析解. 求解过程表明,若问题的求解区域包含无穷远处时, 所取的试函数应满足无穷远处的边界条件.若求解区域包含坐标原点, 试函数在原点处位移与应力应是有限的.结果表明了此方法的有效性.      

Semi-weight function method on computation of stress intensity factors in dissimilar materials

Semi-weight function method is developed to solve the plane problem of two bonded dissimilar materials containing a crack along the bond. From equilibrium equation, stress and strain relationship, conditions of continuity across interface and free crack surface, the stress and displacement fields were obtained. The eigenvalue of these fields is lambda. Semi-weight functions were obtained as virtual displacement and stress fields with eigenvalue-lambda. Integral expression of fracture parameters, KⅠ and KⅡ, were obtained from reciprocal work theorem with semi-weight functions and approximate displacement and stress values on any integral path around crack tip. The calculation results of applications show that the semi-weight function method is a simple, convenient and high precision calculation method.     

Steady state thermal and mechanical stresses of a poro-piezo-FGM hollow sphere

In this study, an analytical method is developed to obtain mechanical and thermal stress and electrical potential functions, electrical and mechanical displacement in two dimensional steady (r,θ) stat a functionally graded piezo electric porous material hollow sphere (FGPPM). It is assumed that properties of poro, piezoelectric and FGM material is changed through thickness according to power law functions, Heat conduction equation is obtained for obtaining temperature distribution and Navier equations analytically using Legendre polynomials and Euler differential equations system for investigating displacements changes and stress and potential functions for different power indices law and is drawn on a graph. These results are confirmed with the obtained in formations in the paper.     

The symmetrical adhesive contact problem for circular elastic cylinders

The rolling contact problem involving circular cylinders is at the heart of numerous industrial processes, and critical to any elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis is an accurate knowledge of the associated contact pressure for the static dry problem. In a recent article [1] the authors have obtained new horizontal pressure distributions, both exact and approximate for various problems involving the symmetrical contact of circular elastic cylinders. In [1] it is assumed that only the circumferential horizontal displacement is prescribed in the contact region while the vertical circumferential displacement is left arbitrary and is assumed to take on whatever value is predicted by the deformation. The advantage of this assumption is that the problem reduces to a single singular integral equation which by transformations can be simplified to an integral equation involving the standard finite Hilbert transform. Here we consider the more general displacement boundary value problem within the contact region, and to be specific we examine the problem with zero vertical circumferential displacement and prescribed horizontal circumferential displacement. The solution of this problem involves two coupled singular integral equations for the horizontal and vertical pressure distributions. Basic equations and some approximate analytical solutions are obtained for symmetrical contact of circular elastic cylinders by both parallel plates and circular cylinders which are either rigid or elastic. Numerical results for the approximate analytical solutions are given for contact by rigid parallel plates and rigid circular cylinders.     

Analysis of bonded anisotropic wedges with interface crack under anti-plane shear loading

The antiplane stress analysis of two anisotropic finite wedges with arbitrary radii and apex angles that are bonded together along a common edge is investigated. The wedge radial boundaries can be subjected to displacement-displacement boundary condi- tions, and the circular boundary of the wedge is free from any traction. The new finite complex transforms are employed to solve the problem. These finite complex transforms have complex analogies to both kinds of standard finite Mellin transforms. The traction free condition on the crack faces is expressed as a singular integral equation by using the exact analytical method. The explicit terms for the strength of singularity are extracted, showing the dependence of the order of the stress singularity on the wedge angle, material constants, and boundary conditions. A numerical method is used for solving the resul- tant singular integral equations. The displacement boundary condition may be a general term of the Taylor series expansion for the displacement prescribed on the radial edge of the wedge. Thus, the analysis of every kind of displacement boundary conditions can be obtained by the achieved results from the foregoing general displacement boundary condition. The obtained stress intensity factors （SIFs） at the crack tips are plotted and compared with those obtained by the finite element analysis （FEA）.     

The exact solution for thick laminated cantilever cylindrical shell

Discarding any assumption regarding displacement or stress models, the state equation for orthotropy is established in a cylindrical system. The exact solution is presented for the statics of thick closed laminated cantilever cylindrical shells. Every equation of elasticity can be satisfied and all the elastic constants are taken into account. Arbitrary precision of a desired order can be obtained. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Stress-Dependent Porosity and Permeability of Porous Rocks Represented by a Mechanistic Elastic Cylindrical Pore-Shell Model

The stress dependency of the porosity and permeability of porous rocks is described theoretically by representing the preferential flow paths in heterogeneous porous rocks by a bundle of tortuous cylindrical elastic tubes. A Lamé-type equation is applied to relate the radial displacement of the internal wall of the cylindrical elastic tubes and the porosity to the variation of the pore fluid pressure. The variation of the permeability of porous rocks by effective stress is determined by incorporating the radial displacement of the internal wall of the cylindrical elastic tubes into the Kozeny–Carman relationship. The fully analytical solutions of the mechanistic elastic pore-shell model developed by combining the Lamé and Kozeny–Carman equations are shown to lead to very accurate correlations of the stress dependency of both the porosity and the permeability of porous rocks.

     

加筋土强度的理论研究及试验验证

将加筋材料对土体强度提高的贡献等效成一种附加围压, 通过莫尔圆法, 求得小主应力增量, 并认为土体在破坏时处于极限平衡状态, 得到了黏聚力和内摩擦角同时变化时的加筋土强度表达式, 对该式作了详细讨论, 用该式计算了6 例典型加筋土在轴对称荷载下的大主应力, 结果表明计算所得大主应力值与三轴试验值比较吻合.     

Prolongation of two phases in the model of fluid displacement through a capillaryProlongement de deux phases dans le modèle du déplacement d'un fluide dans un capillaire

The problem of a piston-like displacement of a fluid by another in a capillary is examined. It is suggested that each fluid is prolonged into the domain occupied by the other fluid. This enables the replacement of the two-phase flow problem by a transient single-phase flow problem, with discontinuity in velocity and pressure on a film interface. The problems related to the triple point are solved by introducing a limit fluid near the pore wall. The demonstration of the Washburn equation contributes to the physical justification of our model. To cite this article: Y. Lucas et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Thermoelastic transient response of an infinitely long annular multilayered cylinder

Thermoelastic transient response of multilayered annular cylinders of infinite lengths subjected to known temperature at traction-free inner and outer surfaces are considered. A method based on the Laplace transformation and finite difference method has been developed to analyze the thermoelasticity problem. Using the Laplace transform with respect to time, the general solutions of the governing equation are obtained in transform domain. The solution is obtained by using the matrix similarity transformation and inverse Laplace transform. Solutions for the temperature and thermal stress distributions in a transient state were obtained. It was found that the temperature distribution, the displacement and the thermal stresses change slightly as time increases. There is no limit of number of annular layers of the cylinder in the presented computational procedures.     

Matched asymptotic expansions in nonlinear fracture mechanics—I. longitudinal shear of an elastic perfectly-plastic specimen

A method of analysis based upon matched asymptotic expansions is proposed for a cracked specimen which is subjected to longitudinal shear (mode III) loading. This gives the small-scale yielding estimate of linear fracture mechanics as a first approximation, and provides systematic refinements which take account of the nonlinear interaction between the elastic and the plastic regions. Explicit solutions can be generated for any specimen which is amenable to a linear elastic analysis. Fracture parameters, such as crack opening displacement and the Jintegral, are expressed as power series in the ratio of applied stress to yield stress, and three terms are given explicitly. These are defined from linear elastic solutions alone. The edge-cracked strip and cracking from a semi-circular notch are studied as examples. Comparison with an exact solution for the former geometry suggests that the three-term expansions give useful results up to 75 % of limit load. The latter example is new and shows the effect of a notch on a crack at loads beyond the normal range of validity of linear elastic fracture mechanics.     

无限均质弹性体中圆片裂纹受均布载荷时的超奇异积分方程封闭解

本文运用一种特殊技巧将一个受均布压力作用的圆片裂纹超奇异积分方程化为Ａｂｅｌ积分形式，从而可获得超奇异积分方程中未知位移间断的封闭解。再利用这个封闭解和应力强度因子的定义，得到了一个无限弹性体中受均布载荷分布时圆片裂纹前沿Ｉ型应力强度因子的精确表达式。所得到的结果与现有解完全相同。