凝胶净化液相色谱法同时检测染红食品中对位红和苏丹红染料

研究了采用凝胶色谱法净化,HPLC-DAD同时快速测定食品中对位红和苏丹红Ⅰ-Ⅳ号染料的方法。样品经环已烷/乙酸乙酯(1+1)萃取,Bio-Beads SX3凝胶层析柱净化去除油脂、天然色素等大分子干扰物质。采用Zorbax SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-乙酸水溶液(pH 4.0)为流动相梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器多波长同时检测染红食品中对位红和苏丹红Ⅰ-Ⅳ号染料。在0.1~10.0 mg.L-1浓度范围内,方法具有良好的线性关系(r>0.999),样品的平均回收率为88.6%~99.2%,相对标准偏差为1.35%~3.57%,对位红和苏丹红Ⅰ-Ⅳ的检出限分别为1.8,5.0,9.5,8.0,6.5μg.kg-1。     

高效液相色谱测定浓缩苹果汁展青霉素的残留量

报道采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析浓缩苹果汁中展青霉素的含量。果汁样品先经纯水稀释,再用乙酸乙酯提取,通过净化、浓缩,用甲醇/水(1∶1,V/V)定容后,进行HPLC检测。色谱柱为资生堂MG-ⅡC18柱,采用等度洗脱,流动相为甲醇、水、乙酸-乙酸钠盐缓冲液(pH=4.6);采用可变波长检测器(VWD)在276 nm波长检测。展青霉素在0.02~1.0μg/mL范围内与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系,其相关系数(R2)为0.9965。果汁样品中不同水平标准加入回收率在69.82±1.64%~87.54±3.61%范围;展青霉素在样品中残留量检测的定量限为50μg/L。     

分散固相萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中8种脂溶性着色剂

建立了饲料中8种脂溶性着色剂(对位红、苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ、苏丹红7B、苏丹红G、苏丹黄)含量的液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。饲料样品中脂溶性着色剂经乙腈提取,离心后上清液采用分散固相萃取净化,净化液稀释后进行LC-MS/MS分析。样品测定时采用Acquity BEH C18色谱柱进行色谱分离,以0.2%甲酸溶液-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,同位素稀释内标法定量。8种脂溶性着色剂在1.0~200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.998;在饲料中的方法检出限为5.0μg/kg,定量下限为10μg/kg。在10,50,500μg/kg加标浓度下8种脂溶性着色剂的回收率为102%~111%,批内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%~8.0%,批间RSD为2.8%~7.8%。该方法能满足饲料样品中脂溶性着色剂监控的需要。     

高效液相色谱光化学在线衍生技术在11种磺胺药物残留检测中的应用

建立了磺胺药物残留的高效液相色谱-光化学在线衍生-荧光检测方法,并应用于猪肉的检测。样品经过乙腈提取,色谱柱分离后,通过在线光化学衍生后,用荧光检测器进行直接检测。优化后的色谱条件:Eclipse Plus C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0μm),流动相为均含0.2%甲酸的乙腈、甲醇和水梯度洗脱,检测激发波长为248 nm,发射波长为350和412 nm。各种磺胺在各自浓度范围内线性相关系数R2>0.999,回收率在85.7%~101.1%之间,RSD为1.9%~6.6%(n=6),各磺胺的检出限(S/N=3)为0.2~3.0μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.5~10.0μg/kg。     

高效液相色谱法测定食品中禁用色素苏丹红Ⅰ-Ⅳ和对位红

采用高效液相色谱法测定食品中禁用色素苏丹红Ⅰ一Ⅳ和对位红.以乙腈为提取剂,超声波提取样品中苏丹红Ⅰ一Ⅳ和对位红.以ZORBAX SB-C18>柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)为分离柱,乙酸(1 999)溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL·min-1,检测波长为485nm的条件下进行检测.苏丹红、对位红的回收率为90%～98%,相对标准偏差小于5%,苏丹红和对位红的检出限均为0.01μg·g-1,苏丹红和对位红的质量浓度在0.2～2.0 mg·L-1范围内呈线性.     

固相萃取–高效液相色谱法同时测定饲料中4种磺胺类药物残留

建立固相萃取–高效液相色谱法同时测定饲料中的磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺喹恶啉4种磺胺类药物残留的方法。样品用乙腈提取,然后用碱性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化,色谱柱为C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm),以水–乙腈(体积比为75∶25,含0.3%乙酸)为流动相,流量为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为270 nm。4种磺胺类药物的质量浓度在1~10μg/mL范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.025~0.133μg/g。磺胺类药物测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.22%~0.30%(n=6),样品加标回收率为93.6%~106.7%。实际饲料样品中均未检出这4种磺胺组分。该方法具有干扰少,灵敏度高,重复性好的优点,可以作为饲料中的磺胺类药物残留的一种检测方法。     

聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯)反相高效液相色谱填料在胸腺素α1分离中的应用

采用高聚物型苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯(PS-DVB)麦科菲反相高效液相色谱柱(MKF-RP-MH)分离胸腺素α1,优化色谱条件为:流动相A:0.01 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.0或8.0),流动相B:乙腈,梯度洗脱条件0~20 min,0%~10%乙腈,20~40 min,10%~30%乙腈;温度:30℃;流速:0.8 mL/min;检测波长:214 nm。在优化条件下分离了胸腺素α1标准品和样品。样品浓度在0.05~4 g/L时,线性方程为C=0.0099A-0.0798(r=0.9994),胸腺素α1最大载样量为120μg(6 g/L)。     

超高效液相色谱法测定脐橙中橘红2号和苏丹红

采用超高效液相色谱法同时测定脐橙中的橘红2号和苏丹红染料。样品经乙腈超声提取,氨基固相萃取小柱净化后,用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器检测,检测波长分别为478 nm和515 nm。5种染料的质量浓度在0.20~20 mg·L-1范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)在0.31~0.53μg·kg-1之间。加标回收率在87.8%~99.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.54%~3.1%之间。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肉产品中金刚烷胺残留量

应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肉产品中金刚烷胺的残留量。样品经乙腈提取,以乙腈-水(3+7)溶液作为定容溶液。Phenomenex Kinetex C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源选择反应监测模式检测。采用基质匹配曲线校正。金刚烷胺的质量浓度在0.005~0.1mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1.0μg·kg-1。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在82.5%~94.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在6.3%~11%之间。     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测多类食品中二甲基黄、二乙基黄含量

建立了豆干、辣椒酱、豆腐乳、腐竹和饼干等样品中二甲基黄和二乙基黄残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。基于二甲基黄和二乙基黄的化学结构特性,采用乙腈溶液提取。提取液酸化后经Bond Elut Plexa PCX阳离子交换树脂固相萃取净化,吹干复溶后,使用反相C_(18)色谱柱分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱正离子化多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。二甲基黄和二乙基黄的方法定量下限均为0.50μg/kg。对5种不同基质样品进行二甲基黄和二乙基黄0.50,5.0,80μg/kg 3个浓度水平的加标回收实验,得到二甲基黄和二乙基黄的平均回收率分别为76.4%~93.0%和76.1%~92.4%;相对标准偏差分别为1.7%~6.3%和1.9%~7.4%,可以满足食品中二甲基黄和二乙基黄快速筛查和定量分析的要求。     

Enantiomer separation by CEC——Enantiomer separation by packed-capillary electrochromatography

Three chiral compounds were successfully separated in a short time with two enantiomer separation models on packed-capillary electrochromatography (CEC). (i) 75 μm I.D. capillaries were packed with 5 μm β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) chiral stationary phase (CSP). Effects of voltage, pH and concentration of organic modifier on electroosmotic flow (EOF) and chiral separations were investigated systematically. Enantiomers of a neutral compound (benzoin) and a neutral drug (mephenytoin) were separated within a short time with high efficiency. Efficiency of 32 000 theoretical plates per meter and resolution (R_s) of 1.42 were achieved for enantiomers of benzoin using a βCD packed column with 6.2 cm packed length. Efficiency of 45 000 theoretical plates per meter and R_s of 3.40 were obtained for enantiomers of mephenytoin. Especially, the enantiomer separation of mephenytion was performed in just 3.4 min with R_s of 2.60. (ⅱ) 75 μm I.D. capillary was packed with octadecylsilica particles (ODS). Chiral separat     

Regioselectivity of olefin oxidation by iodosobenzene catalyzed by metalloporphyrins : control by the catalyst

The regioselectivity of the oxidation of three monosubstituted olefins, 6-phenoxyhex-1-ene, hex-1-ene and styrene, by iodosobenzene in the presence of various Fe-, Mn- or Cr-tetraaryl-porphyrins, was studied. It was found that, besides epoxides, known products from such systems, allylic alcohols and aldehydes were formed, the latter not being derived from the corresponding epoxides. The relative importance of these reactions greatly depends upon both the metal and porphyrin constituents of the catalyst. More particularly, the competition between epoxidation and allylic hydroxylation can be efficiently controlled by non-bonded interactions between the olefin and porphyrin substituents. No hydroxylation of the aromatic rings and no oxidative dealkylation of the ether function was detected.     

Glycosidase inhibition by macrolide antibiotics elucidated by STD-NMR spectroscopy

A glycosynthase approach was attempted to glycodiversify macrolide antibiotics, using DesR, a family-3 retaining beta-glucosidase involved in the self-resistance mechanism of methymycin production. STD-NMR was used to probe enzyme-substrate interactions. Analysis of competitive STD-NMR experiments between erythromycin A and a chromogenic substrate (pNP-beta-d-glucose) with the hydrolytically inactive nucleophile mutants led us to discover a family of unprecedented glycosidase inhibitors. Analysis of kinetic data with wild-type DesR determined that erythromycin is a competitive inhibitor of the glucosidase (IC50 = 2.8 +/- 0.3 microM and Ki = 2 +/- 0.2 microM) with respect to the hydrolysis of pNP-beta-d-glucose. Comparable inhibitory data was obtained for clarithromycin; however, the inhibitory effect of azithromycin was weak and no significant inhibition was observed with methymycin or d-desosamine. This report documents significant inhibition of glycosidases by macrolide antibiotics and provides insight into the design of novel glycosidase inhibitors based on the macrolactone ring of macrolide antibiotics.     

Membrane solubilization by detergent: resistance conferred by thickness

The commonly held model for membrane dissolution by detergents/surfactants requires lipid transport from the inner to the outer bilayer leaflet ('flip-flop'). Although applicable to many systems, it fails in cases where cross-bilayer transport of membrane components is suppressed. In this paper we investigate the mechanism for surfactant-induced solubilization of polymeric bilayers. To that end, we examine the dissolution of a series of increasingly thick, polymer-based vesicles (polymersomes) by a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100, using dynamic light scattering. We find that increasing the bilayer thickness imparts better resistance to dissolution, so that the concentration required for solubilization, after a fixed amount of time, increases nearly linearly with membrane thickness. Combining our experimental data with a theoretical model, we show that the dominant mechanism for the surfactant-induced dissolution of polymeric vesicles, where polymer flip-flop across the membrane is suppressed, is the surfactant transport through the bilayer. This mechanism is different both qualitatively and quantitatively from the mechanisms by which surfactants dissolve pure lipid vesicles.     

Antibiotic recognition by binuclear metallo-beta-lactamases revealed by X-ray crystallography

Metallo-beta-lactamases are zinc-dependent enzymes responsible for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in a variety of host bacteria, usually Gram-negative species that act as opportunist pathogens. They hydrolyze all classes of beta-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems, and escape the action of available beta-lactamase inhibitors. Efforts to develop effective inhibitors have been hampered by the lack of structural information regarding how these enzymes recognize and turn over beta-lactam substrates. We report here the crystal structure of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia L1 enzyme in complex with the hydrolysis product of the 7alpha-methoxyoxacephem, moxalactam. The on-enzyme complex is a 3'-exo-methylene species generated by elimination of the 1-methyltetrazolyl-5-thiolate anion from the 3'-methyl group. Moxalactam binding to L1 involves direct interaction of the two active site zinc ions with the beta-lactam amide and C4 carboxylate, groups that are common to all beta-lactam substrates. The 7beta-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)malonyl]-amino substituent makes limited hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding contacts with the active site groove. The mode of binding provides strong evidence that a water molecule situated between the two metal ions is the most likely nucleophile in the hydrolytic reaction. These data suggest a reaction mechanism for metallo-beta-lactamases in which both metal ions contribute to catalysis by activating the bridging water/hydroxide nucleophile, polarizing the substrate amide bond for attack and stabilizing anionic nitrogen intermediates. The structure illustrates how a binuclear zinc site confers upon metallo-beta-lactamases the ability both to recognize and efficiently hydrolyze a wide variety of beta-lactam substrates.