弹塑性悬壁梁结构动力响应中的弹性效应

本文提出由一组质量－弹簧构成的力学系统来研究弹塑性悬壁梁的动力响应问题，其数值结果与有限元解吻合得相当好，这种简化模拟能够反映出梁动力响应中的本质特性，还特别显示出梁中弹性对弯矩分布和能量耗散的影响，提供了很有价值的计算结果。     

弹塑性悬臂梁结构动力响应中的弹性效应

本文提出由一组质量－弹簧构成的力学系统来研究弹塑性悬臂梁的动力响应问题，其数值结果与有限元解吻合得相当好，这种简化模型能够反映出梁动力响应中的本质特性，还特别显示出梁中弹性对弯矩分布和能量耗散的影响，提供了很有价值的计算结果．     

移动荷载作用下非局部地基梁动力响应分析的有限元法Dynamic response of beams with nonlocal foundations subjected to moving loads using finite element method

基于非局部地基理论,推导了移动荷载作用下非局部地基梁动力响应问题的有限元解,分别讨论了地基的非局部参数、刚度、阻尼系数以及移动荷载速度对非局部地基梁动力响应的影响,并比较了非局部结果与局部结果的差异。结果表明,地基的非局部参数、刚度和阻尼是地基梁的动力响应的主要影响参数,地基梁最大响应及其发生的时刻与移动荷载速度有关。研究成果可为轨道地基系统设计提供参考。     

自由梁受集中质量横向撞击的刚-塑性动力响应

研究自由边界的矩形截面梁在自由端和对称中面分别受到质量块横向撞击后的刚－塑性动力响应，通过完全解分析、结合数值方法给出梁的瞬态变形，并讨论输入能量、质量比等参数对梁的最终变形、移行铰消失位置及能量耗散的影响。     

结构的塑性动力响应(二)

两端受约束的梁的动力响应 1.轴向不受约束的简支梁 在前几节中,我们着重讨论了悬臂梁,本节要研究当梁的两端受到约束时会出现什么新问题。     

不可压饱和多孔弹性简支梁的动力响应

在杆件弯曲小变形的假定下,考虑杆件的侧向变形因素,根据多孔介质理论,本文首先建立了不可压饱和多孔弹性梁弯曲变形时动力响应的控制方程。其次,基于所建立的控制微分方程,利用变量分离法,研究了两端可渗透的饱和多孔弹性简支梁在梁中间集中载荷作用下的动力响应,得到了不同物性参数下简支梁动态弯曲时挠度和孔隙流体压力等效力偶等随时间的响应曲线。研究发现由于孔隙流体和固相骨架的相互作用,不可压饱和多孔弹性梁挠度的动力响应具有粘性特征,同时,随着时间的增加,饱和多孔弹性梁的挠度、弯矩等最终趋于经典弹性梁的静挠度、弯矩,此时,孔隙流体压力为零,梁的固相骨架承担所有的外载荷。     

端部受斜撞击作用悬臂梁的弹塑性动力响应模式

基于大变形动力控制方程并利用有限差分离散分析,研究了斜撞击作用下弹塑性悬臂梁的动力响应．通过对屈服函数以及弯矩、轴力在动力响应过程中分布规律的分析,阐明了斜撞击下恳臂梁的弹塑性动力响应模式和斜撞击的轴向分量对变形机制的影响．研究表明,弹塑性响应过程可划分为四个阶段,对应的变形模式为：“压缩塑性区扩展”模式,“广义移行塑性铰”和“压缩塑性区收缩”混合模式,“驻定塑性铰”模式,“弹性自由振动”模式．与刚塑性分析所假定的两相变形模式比较,弹塑性应响分析证实了响应早期的瞬态轴向压缩模式和梁根部“驻定塑性铰”模式的存在性,肯定了刚塑性分析所假定变形模式的主要特征．斜撞击的轴向分量在撞击发生的瞬时主导了梁的变形,使梁呈现同承受横向冲击明显小同的变形规律．随着响应的深入,轴向分量迅速衰减,其对截面屈服的贡献非常微弱,由横向分量引起的弯曲挠动在大部分时间内主导和控制梁的变形．数值计算结果表明,斜撞击载荷的质量、撞击速度和角度是影响梁动力响应的重要因素．     

分析薄壳塑性动力响应问题的一种数值方法

探索薄壳塑性动力响应问题的分析与数值方法,是当今力学中的重要课题之一。笔者曾给出联合应用拉普拉斯变换和最小二乘法分析梁、板、壳塑性动力响应的方法。本文分别针对承受中载的短壳和长壳问题,给出只用最小二乘法分析其塑性动力响应的方法。     

不可压饱和多孔Timoshenko梁动力响应的数学模型

基于饱和多孔介质理论,假定孔隙流体仅沿梁的轴向运动,本文建立了横观各向同性饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko梁动力响应的一维数学模型,通过不同的简化,该模型可分别退化为饱和多孔梁的Euler-Bernoulli模型、Rayleigh模型和Shear模型等。研究了两端可渗透Timoshenko简支梁自由振动的固有频率、衰减率和阶梯载荷作用下的动力响应特征,给出了梁弯曲时挠度、弯矩以及孔隙流体压力等效力偶等随时间的响应曲线,并与饱和多孔Euler-Bernoulli简支梁响应进行了比较,考察了固相与流相相互作用系数、梁长细比等的影响。可见,固相骨架与孔隙流体的相互作用具有粘性效应,随着作用系数的增加,梁挠度振动幅值衰减加快,并最终趋于静态响应,Euler-Bernoulli梁的挠度幅值和振动周期小于Timoshenko梁的挠度幅值和周期,而Euler-Bernoulli梁的弯矩极限值等于Timoshenko梁的弯矩极限值。     

高速荷载下多孔饱和地基的动力响应

研究高速荷载作用下梁与多孔饱和半空间的动力响应。由Fourier变换求解多孔饱和固体的动力基本方程，根据梁与半空间的接触条件得出多孔饱和半空间上梁的垂直位移的表达式。文中的数值算例考虑了荷载移动速度对梁的动力位移的影响，并与相应的弹性半空间问题作了对比。从算例中可以发现荷载移动速度对动力位移有很大的影响，当移动速度与半空间的表面波速相近时，地面会当产生很大的振动，同时还发现当速度大于介质的剪切波速时，多孔饱和半空间上梁的动力响应与弹性半空间上梁的动力响应有很大的差别。     

Anomalous behavior revisited: Dynamic response of elastic-plastic structures

Based on the minimum principle of acceleration in the elastic-plastic continua under finite deformation, the dynamic response of an elastic-perfectly plastic pin-ended beam subjected to rectangular impulse loading is studied with the help of a numerical approach. The calculated results once again show the anomalous behavior of the beam during its response process, which was previously found in [1]. By carefully analyzing the instantaneous distribution of the bending moment, the membrane force, the curvature and displacement during the response process, it is concluded that the interactive effect between the geometry and materials nonlinearities of the structure is the key reason for leading to the anomalous behavior. This will be helpful for clarifying some misunderstandings in explaining the problem before. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

具有非线性支撑和弹性边界约束的轴向载荷梁结构动力学行为研究

弹性梁结构作为一种基本单元被广泛于建筑、航空、航天、船舶等工程领域. 为有效降低弹性梁结构的振动水平, 深刻理解其振动特性、动力学行为显得尤为重要. 本文建立了具有非线性支撑和弹性边界约束的轴向载荷梁结构动力学分析模型, 并采用伽辽金截断法预报梁结构的动力学响应. 在伽辽金截断法的求解过程中, 选取具有弹性边界约束的轴向载荷梁结构的模态振型函数作为伽辽金截断法的试函数与权函数. 首先, 研究截断数对伽辽金截断法稳定性的影响, 并采用谐波平衡法研究伽辽金截断法的可靠性. 在此基础上, 研究谐波激励扫频方向、非线性支撑参数对具有非线性支撑和弹性边界约束的轴向载荷梁结构动力学响应的影响规律. 研究结果表明, 具有非线性支撑和弹性边界约束的轴向载荷梁结构的动力学响应具有初值敏感性且非线性支撑参数对梁结构动力学响应的影响显著. 相关非线性支撑参数使得梁结构出现复杂动力学行为. 合适的非线性支撑参数能够抑制具有非线性支撑和弹性边界约束的轴向载荷梁结构的复杂动力学行为并对梁结构边界处的减振具有有益效果.      

在质量块冲击作用下刚架大挠度响应的实验研究

本文报道刚架跨中受到以不同速度运动的质量块冲击时动态大挠度响应的实验研究工作,实验测取了冲击点位移、速度随时间变化的曲线及某些关键点的动态应变历史,由此描述了在响应过程中,质量块与刚架间动量动能的传递过程,找出了塑性区域形成和扩展的规律。研究表明:初始撞击接近于理想非弹性,动态荷载不宜简化为瞬时冲量,此时初始冲击动能与刚架所能吸收的最大弹性能之比即便很大,响应中弹性成分仍占有很大的比例,能量比率作为判断是否宜于采用刚塑性解答的条件已不再充分;刚架在初始撞击中吸收的能量和冲量与初始动能和动量之比,仅与刚架承受初始撞击的相当质量和冲击物质量之比有关,而与冲击速度无关,文中给出了二者的关系式。     

在冲击载荷作用下弹塑性圆板的反直观动力行为数值分析

对周边简支理想弹塑性圆板受脉冲载荷作用时的动力行为进行了数值计算与分析,揭示了板类结构反直观动力行为的客观存在性．通过分析发现,随着脉冲强度的增加,存在几个窄的载荷区域,板的响应是反直观的,而且在此附近,结构参数、载荷等因素的微小改变将导致响应模式的很大差异,表明反直观行为对这些参数的极其敏感性．进一步计算表明,这一特殊的动力行为主要与板内力间的相互耦合作用密切相关,同时,卸载后的结构反弹到另一侧时发生较大的反向塑性变形,导致能量的进一步耗散,使板呈现反常的动力响应．这一现象是几何与材料两种非线性相互作用的结果。     

Impact of a surfacewave on an elastic hull

In order to model a ship hull’s response to the impact of surface waves, the two-dimensional problem of wave impact on an elastic beam whose ends are connected by springs with a rigid structure uniformly submerged in a fluid is considered. The fluid is assumed to be ideal and incompressible and its flow symmetric; the lateral bending of the beam is described by the Euler equation. The fluid flow and the size of the wetted region are determined simultaneously with the calculation of the the beam deflection within the framework of the Wagner approach which takes into account the reshaping of the free surface of the fluid on interacting with a body. The stresses and strains arising in the beam and at its ends during impact are found. The numerical algorithm developed makes it possible to analyze the elastic effects in fluid impacts on thin-walled structures of finite length. Moreover, as the stiffness of the connecting springs tends to zero, the solution of this problem describes the impact of an elastic beam with free ends on a weakly curved fluid surface.     

起波配筋RC梁抗爆作用机理及抗力动力系数的理论计算方法

针对钢筋混凝土(RC)梁,提出了一种通过对抗拉纵筋进行局部弯折,形成钢筋起波,从而提高RC梁抗爆能力的高效新方法。结合已有的实验结果和有限元模型计算,分析了起波配筋RC梁的受荷破坏全过程,揭示了其抗爆作用机理。分析结果表明,在RC梁底部适当位置设置纵筋起波,能增大RC梁在爆炸荷载作用下的允许变形,有效吸收爆炸能量,大幅度提高RC梁的抗爆性能。基于能量法,建立了起波配筋RC梁在爆炸荷载作用下的理论计算模型,给出了抗力动力系数的显示计算公式;讨论了平屈抗力比、平弹变形比以及屈弹变形比3个关键设计参数对起波配筋RC梁抗爆性能的影响规律,以便为进一步工程应用提供理论依据。     

不确定性移动载荷激励下弹性简支梁的动态响应边界分析及应用

不确定性移动载荷激励下的弹性梁振动是土木、机械和航空航天等工程领域普遍存在的一类重要问题。在许多实际工程中,不确定移动载荷的样本测试数据有限或测试成本较高,本文引入区间过程模型对此类动态不确定性参数进行描述,提出了一种求解不确定移动载荷激励下弹性梁振动响应边界的非随机振动分析方法。首先,介绍了确定性移动载荷激励下弹性梁的振动微分方程及其解析求解方法;其次,引入区间过程模型,以上下边界函数的形式对不确定性移动载荷进行度量,进而基于模态叠加法发展出弹性梁振动响应边界求解的非随机振动分析方法;最后,将上述非随机振动分析方法应用于车桥耦合振动问题。     

On indentation of a pair of rigid punches connected by an elastic beam into an elastic half-plane with regard to the friction and adhesion forces in the contact region

The contact problem of indentation of a pair of rigid punches with plane bases connected by an elastic beam into the boundary of an elastic half-plane is considered under the conditions of plane strain state. The external load is generated by lumped forces applied to the punches and a uniformly distributed normal load acting on the beam.It is assumed that the contact between the punch and the elastic half-plane can be described by L. A. Galin’s statement, i.e., it is assumed that the adhesion acts in the interior part of each of the contact regions and the tangential stresses obeying the Coulomb law act on their boundaries.With the symmetry taken into account, the problem is stated only for a single punch, and solving this problem is reduced to a system of four singular integral equations for the tangential and normal stresses in the adhesion region and the contact pressure in the sliding zones. The solution of the constitutive system together with three conditions of equilibrium of the system of punches connected by a beam is constructed by direct numerical integration by the method of mechanical quadratures.As a result of the numerical analysis, the contact stress distribution functions were constructed and the values of the sliding zones and the punch rotation angle were determined for various values of the geometric, elastic, and force characteristics.     

Anomalous dependence of the vibration frequencies of a rod in an elastic medium on the rod length

We use numerical-analytic methods to study the influence of the length of a thin inhomogeneous rod on its natural frequencies and the shapes of its plane transverse vibrations. We found that the existence of an external elastic medium described by the Winkler model can lead to an anomalous effect, i.e., to an increase in the natural frequencies of the vibration lower modes as the rod length increases continuously. We discovered rather subtle properties of this phenomenon in the case of variations in the length, the mode number, and the fixation method. We separately studied vibrations for the standard boundary conditions: fixation, hinged fixation, tangential fixation, and free end. We calculated several simple examples illustrating the anomalous dependence of the frequency of the rod natural vibrations in a strongly inhomogeneous elastic medium with different boundary conditions.     

A consideration on pre- and post-instability of an axisymmetric elastic beam subjected to axial leakage flow

The dynamical behavior of an axisymmetric elastic beam subjected to axial leakage flow is investigated numerically and experimentally. The coupled equations of motion for a fluid and a beam structure are derived using the Navier–Stokes equation for an axial leakage flow-path and the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Performing complex eigenvalue analysis, the variation of the dynamic behavior during pre- and post-instability is investigated with respect to increasing axial leakage flow velocity. Also, an experiment was performed to determine the critical velocity of the unstable dynamic behavior of an axisymmetric elastic beam confined in a concentric cylinder subjected to axial leakage flow through a small annulus, and to measure the variation of the dynamic behavior on pre- and post-instability when the unstable phenomenon with the lower predominant frequency is shifted to the higher one. The relationships between the axial flow velocities and the unstable phenomena are clarified for the transition from the lower mode to the higher mode by comparing the theoretical calculations with experimental observations. Especially, the generation of traveling waves and the energy balance for the distortion of vibration response in the axial direction are discussed and considered at the transition region of the complex coupled vibration response of an axisymmetric elastic beam subjected to an axial leakage flow. Numerical and experimental results are found to be in quite good agreement.