噻菌灵在纳米银胶表面吸附的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

噻菌灵(TBZ)属苯并咪唑类杀菌剂,容易在水果、蔬菜及相应的果蔬饮品中形成有毒残留。基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的量子化学计算方法和表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术,从理论和实验角度系统研究了噻菌灵在纳米银胶粒子表面的吸附行为和增强效应。采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备了具有表面增强拉曼散射活性的银纳米溶胶,并对水相的噻菌灵进行了SERS光谱研究。利用TBZ-Ag₄四种吸附模型对噻菌灵与银纳米溶胶的相互作用进行了理论分析。结合FT-Raman光谱和B3LYP/6-311G(d)理论计算的结果,借助Gaussian View5.0程序的图形化功能,对噻菌灵分子的振动模式、FT-Raman振动光谱和SERS光谱进行了系统的指认。研究结果表明：噻菌灵分子的所有原子在同一平面上,属于Cs对称性;其在银纳米溶胶表面具有十分显著的表面增强拉曼活性;分子中的S原子与银胶粒子发生吸附作用,并通过该分子的长轴方向垂直于银纳米银胶表面;可利用SERS光谱方法对痕量的噻菌灵进行快速检测。为研究噻菌灵的特性以及其快速检测提供了理论和实验依据。     

金纳米团簇组装的表面增强拉曼散射基底

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱技术是一种高灵敏度的检测技术,已在社会发展的多个领域显示出潜在的应用前景。SERS活性基底的大面积、低成本、可控制备是表面增强拉曼散射光谱学研究领域的热点之一。利用溶液法将直径小于5 nm的金纳米团簇旋涂成膜,调控退火温度和时间,将金纳米团簇融合组装成随机分布的金纳米岛。由于融合组装过程在150～210 ℃范围缓慢,控制条件可实现具有高密度增强“热点”的SERS基底,方法简单、成本低廉、面积大、均匀性高。我们利用该方法可重复性获得了性能优良的SERS基底。该基底对表面吸附的单分子层,具有强烈的表面增强拉曼散射光谱响应,150～210 ℃退火样品的宏观增强因子106～107量级。研究表明：相同条件下150～180 ℃退火,金纳米团簇首先融合成直径10～20 nm细小金纳米岛;退火温度190～210 ℃时,形成10～20 nm细小金纳米岛与50～70 nm金纳米岛混合并存的现象。拉曼光谱表征显示：大、小金纳米岛混合并存样品的宏观增强因子高于细小金纳米岛组成的样品。经220 ℃退火后,金纳米团簇完全融合成直径50～100 nm的金纳米岛,岛间距也随之增大,导致纳米岛之间的电磁场强度呈指数衰减,220 ℃退火的样品具有较低的增强因子。本论文揭示了金纳米团簇的缓慢自组装机制,分析了金纳米岛的形貌与表面增强拉曼散射光谱的关系,为该基底的应用研究奠定基础。     

金属光栅表面增强拉曼散射的偏振依赖性研究

表面增强拉曼散射的机理主要来源于金属表面等离子体共振所产生的电磁场增强,因而基底的电磁特性决定了其增强的性能。本文以干涉光刻方法制作的大面积均匀性一维纳米光栅为增强基底,从实验和理论上探究其表面增强拉曼散射的偏振依赖特性。本文使用苯硫酚作为探针分子,并采用633nm和785nm两种波长作为激发光源,开展了等离子体共振与非共振状态下金属光栅表面增强拉曼光谱的偏振依赖特性实验研究,并通过时域有限差分法对光栅电磁特性进行分析。研究发现,光栅表面的电场无论是否激发表面等离子体共振,其电场随入射光偏振方向都会呈现出sin函数的规律性变化,拉曼光谱的峰值强度则呈sin2函数的变化规律;此外,表面等离子体共振会进一步加大拉曼光谱的偏振依赖性。     

氧化铜纳米粒子的制备及其SERS特性

采用激光刻蚀法在水溶液中制备了氧化铜纳米粒子,刻蚀完成后将氧化铜胶体沉积在铝片上形成一层氧化铜岛膜.所得纳米粒子的紫外—可见吸收峰在280 nm处,表明所得为氧化铜.原子力显微镜观察表明所制得的纳米粒子具有椭圆状结构,长轴约为30～50 nm,厚度约为8 nm.扫描电镜图片显示氧化铜粒子沉积在铝基底后形成了大小在0.5...     

金纳米粒子的图案化组装及表面增强拉曼光谱研究

利用聚苯乙烯纳米粒子有序组装结构为模板,进行了金纳米粒子的图案化组装。金纳米粒子在聚苯乙烯纳米粒子底部自组装聚集,形成规则的“面包圈”结构。表面增强拉曼光谱表明,相对于随机分布的金纳米粒子而言,金纳米粒子组装结构具有聚焦电磁场作用,从而使吸附的对巯基苯甲酸的拉曼散射得以进一步增强。     

电荷转移对纳米金属吸附分子拉曼光谱影响

在金,银纳米粒子表面修饰对巯基苯胺(PATP)分子,对其进行紫外及拉曼光谱性质表征。紫外吸收光谱显示修饰了单分子层的纳米粒子表面等离子体共振发生较大的红移,银粒子位移程度大于金粒子的。其拉曼散射增强效应研究表明,对巯基苯胺b2振动模式的极大增强是由电磁增强和化学增强效应共同决定的。金、银粒子上对巯基苯胺单分子层拉曼散射增强效应的差异主要来自金属与对巯基苯胺之间电荷转移能力的不同。     

银纳米粒子修饰三维碳纳米管阵列SERS实验

为了使表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底的三维聚焦体积内包含更多的“热点”,能吸附更多探针分子和金属纳米颗粒,以便获得更强的拉曼光谱信号,提出了银纳米粒子修饰垂直排列的碳纳米管阵列三维复合结构作为SERS基底,并对其进行了实验研究。利用化学气相沉积(CVD)方法制备了垂直排列的碳纳米管阵列;采用磁控溅射镀膜方法先在碳纳米管阵列上形成一层银膜,再通过设置不同的高温退火温度,使不同粒径的银纳米粒子沉积在垂直有序排列碳纳米管阵列的表面和外壁。SEM结果表明：在有序碳纳米管阵列的表面和外壁都均匀地负载了大量银纳米粒子,并且银纳米颗粒的粒径、形貌及颗粒间的间距随退火温度的不同而不同。采用罗丹明6G(R6G)分子作为探针分子,拉曼实验结果表明：R6G浓度越高,拉曼强度越强,但是R6G浓度的增加与拉曼强度增强并不呈线性变化;退火温度为450 ℃,银纳米颗粒平均粒径在100～120 nm左右,退火温度为400 ℃,银纳米颗粒平均粒径在70 nm左右,退火温度为450 ℃的拉曼信号强度优于退火温度400和350 ℃。     

Laser-Induced Silver Nanoparticles Deposited on Optical Fiber Core for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

We report on surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） probes based on silver nanopaxtieles which axe deposited on the core of the distal end of standard single mode fibers, by means of the very simple, versatile, and lowcost laser-induced nanoparticle technique. The morphological features of the Ag nanoparticles vary according to the experimental conditions such as laser power, illumination time, and concentration of the reaction solution. The SERS activity of the probes is demonstrated with the detections of rhodamine 6G aqueous solutions. The detections are made from both ends of the probes, i.e., in direct detection mode from the end with nanoparticles and in remote detection mode from the distal end, respectively.     

密排银颗粒薄膜的制备及其SERS应用

银纳米颗粒通过自组装形成二维结构薄膜具有独特的光学性质,其提供的大量“热点”使其成为优越的表面增强拉曼散射(Surface enhanced Raman Scattering,SERS)基底.本文采用水/正己烷界面上自组装的方法得到了由密排的银纳米颗粒构成的薄膜,并以Rhodamine 6G为探针分子,比较了不同尺寸银...     

六氢吡啶的表面增强拉曼散射研究

表面增强拉曼光谱在化学、生物及表面科学等领域都有广泛应用, 因此六氢吡啶的表面增强拉曼光谱的研究具有重要意义。实验用法国JOBIN YVON公司的光谱仪测定了六氢吡啶的正常拉曼光谱及其在银溶胶、银膜表面的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS), 确保了实验结果的可靠性。利用表面增强拉曼散射技术研究了六氢吡啶的拉曼谱, 对它的拉曼峰进行了指认, 并得出了在银表面的吸附方式。同时分析了六氢吡啶在银溶胶及银膜表面拉曼散射光强增强程度不同的原因。     

基于Klarite芯片的表面增强拉曼散射特性研究

本文介绍了一种商用的表面增强拉曼芯片(Klarite),并对其表面形貌、拉曼活性进行了表征和测试分析.Klarite芯片由于独特的倒金字塔形设计使得其具有较好的拉曼活性、稳定性和重现性,为生命科学和分析化学研究提供了有力的研究工具.此外,我们对Klarite芯片在外电磁场作用下的表面电场分布进行了模拟,发现一个结构单元...     

琼脂糖凝胶/纳米金复合结构的制备及其表面增强拉曼性质

以琼脂糖凝胶为模板,将预先制备好的胶体金颗粒负载在琼脂糖凝胶的网状结构中,制备了琼脂糖凝胶/纳米金复合膜结构,采用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪对复合膜的结构和光学性质进行了表征,实验数据表明纳米金颗粒均匀的分散在琼脂糖凝胶膜上,并且呈现出优异的光学吸收特性。基于琼脂糖凝胶的溶胀收缩特性和纳米金颗粒可调的表面等离子体共振吸收特性,将琼脂糖凝胶/纳米金复合膜作为表面增强拉曼(SERS)基底材料,研究了其对拉曼信号分子尼罗蓝A(NBA)的SERS检测效果。结果表明,琼脂糖凝胶的多孔网状结构为纳米金颗粒的富集提供了良好的载体,随着琼脂糖凝胶在空气中失水收缩,纳米金颗粒间距离逐渐缩短,产生动态的热点效应,对拉曼信号分子具有良好的增强效应。     

Noble Metal-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Enhancement from Bandgap-Controlled Graphene Quantum Dots

Graphene quantum dot (GQD) represents an emerging noble metal-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active nanomaterials for applications such as optoelectronics, chemical sensing, and biomedical imaging and therapy. However, it lacks a scalable method to synthesize GQD with selective structures and the fundamental understanding of their SERS enhancement through charge transfer between GQD and probe molecules. Here a bottom–up liquid-phase synthesis of colloidal GQDs with selective bandgaps using atmospheric-pressure microplasmas is reported. Electron microscopic and optical spectroscopic characterizations suggest that highly crystalline GQDs with nanographene structures can be synthesized with ambient conditions using microplasmas. Moreover, the bandgaps of GQDs are tuned from 2.8 to 3.18 eV by controlling the size of organosulfate micelles. Raman spectroscopic study demonstrates that the as-synthesized GQDs exhibit a unique quantum dot bandgap-dependent SERS enhancement property with an improved charge transfer between the GQD and probe molecules. This study provides an insight into the fundamental of semiconductor-enhanced Raman scattering of GQDs and scalable production of structure-controlled GQDs using plasma-activated chemistry.     

Applications of Raman and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Techniques to Humic Substances

This paper highlights the use of Raman, FT-Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques for the study of humic substances. In contrast to other technologies which reveal information only about the average compositions and the kinds of functional groups present in humic substances, Raman and especially FT-Raman spectroscopies characterize the building blocks of humic substances and their changes in derivation and separation processes. Furthermore, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques are able to readily detect humic substances and co-existing organic species at low concentrations typically found in natural environments and reveal definitive information about the specific groups in humic substances that bind on metal electrodes. Further applications of both Raman and SERS techniques can be extended to complicated systems as well as real environmental samples. Experiments have demonstrated: (1). the backbones of humic substances are structurally disordered carbon networks in most cases; (2). The backbones of humic substances from different sources and types are similar to each other; (3). Normal Raman spectroscopic study of humic substances should concentrate on the use of near-IR laser(s) resulting from strong fluorescence background and self-adsorption under the excitation with visible laser irradiation; (4). FT-Raman spectroscopy is the required analytical method to assess the effectivity of fractionation methods; (5). SERS spectra of humic substances on metal colloids and films are in most aces very similar to the corresponding Raman spectra of neutralized samples; (6). SERS techniques are very sensitive and highly selective, also both visible lasers and near-IR lasers can be used for SERS study; (7). SERS spectra on metal electrodes may provide additional information about the binding sites and adsorption mechanisms of humic substances on metal surfaces.     

Nanoparticles and Giant Raman Scattering

The field for linear aggregates of metallic nanospheres is calculated. This field is analogous to that of the surface TM₀ wave of a metallic cylinder with a negative dielectric permittivity. The spontaneous emission of an atom into a surface wave is shown to be greatly enhanced. This enhancement is as great as 10¹⁴ times for a two-photon process (Raman scattering). The TM₀ wave is concentrated in the vicinity of the nanocylinder surface instead of extending in space to infinity. Being restricted in its length, the nanocylinder radiates efficiently into free space in contrast to the case of an infinite (plane or cylindrical) surface. The duration of the atomic dipole radiation is about 1 fs under the conditions discussed. The situation considered can be realized readily in actual experiments. It can explain the pronounced increase in the Raman intensity in the experiments described by Nie and Emory in 1997.     

表面增强拉曼散射检测分析物分子的研究进展

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术具有高效,灵敏,无损检测等特点,能实现对分析物分子的极低浓度检测,被广泛应用于痕量分析领域.在生产和生活中,有些毒性物质或非法添加剂被人体摄入或长期接触后,在体内不断累积,最终导致中毒或者组织器官发生病变;环境中过量的有害物质残留,由于其本身的毒性或者使菌株和害虫产生抗药性而造成的生态系...     

基于纳米锥森林结构的表面增强拉曼散射透明器件研究

具有无损、超灵敏和实时检测优点的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)器件具有重要研究意义。目前,针对SERS器件的大部分研究都围绕着非透明的器件展开。使用此类器件检测高浓度试剂时,激光只能从正面入射。这意味着入射激光需要穿透被测试剂分子层才能到达位于其下方的金属纳米结构表面,因此用于激发金属纳米结构表面等离子体共振(SPR)的激光能量被减弱,相应地,SERS光谱信号也被减弱;此外,SERS光谱信号因被测试剂分子层的遮挡,无法高效返回到电荷耦合元件(CCD)中,再次被大幅度减弱,甚至有可能完全无法被检测到。相比之下,如果使用透明SERS器件,检测过程中将被测试剂分子置于器件正面,激光从器件背面入射,此时高浓度被测试剂分子层对入射激光和SERS光谱信号的干扰最小。这种情况下,可以得到较好的光谱信号。通过在石英基底上旋涂聚酰亚胺(PI)层,然后通过氧等离子体对PI层进行无掩模轰击,在石英基底上自行生成纳米纤维掩模,配合反应离子刻蚀工艺(RIE)制备了石英纳米锥森林结构。之后,通过金属纳米颗粒溅射工艺,得到SERS透明器件。对于该SERS透明器件,在测试过程中,拉曼激光可从器件的正面以及背面分别入射。初步的测试结果表明,对于罗丹明6G(R6G)在10^-3~10^-6 mol·L^-1这一浓度范围内,背面入射方式收集的SERS光谱信号强度高于正面入射方式。另外,进一步研究了该SERS透明器件背面检测的一致性,得到了良好的结果,证明了其在实际生化检测中的可行性。这一工作有望扩展SERS在分析物检测领域中的应用。     

Gold-Nanoparticles/Boron-Doped-Diamond Composites as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates

By vacuum sputtering and annealing processes of gold(Au) films on boron-doped diamond(BDD) surfaces, Aunanoparticles/BDD(AuNP/BDD) composite substrates were prepared as surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) substrates. The SERS performances of the substrate were investigated using methylene blue molecule as a probe. With the AuNPs having an average diameter of 20 nm, high performance of SERS was achieved at an enhancement factor of 9 × 10⁵, arising from the synergistic effect of ele...     

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Hydrogen Plasma-Treated Few-Layer MoTe_2

Two-dimensional surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) substrates have drawn intense attention due to their excellent spectral reproducibility, high uniformity and perfect anti-interference ability. However, the inferior detection sensitivity and low enhancement have limited the practical application of two-dimensional SERS substrates. To address this issue, we propose that the interaction between the MoTe_2 substrate and the analyte rhodamine 6 G molecules could be remarkably enhanced by the introduced p-doping effect and lattice distortion of MoTe_2 via hydrogen plasma treatment. After the treatment, the SERS is greatly improved, the enhancement factor of probe molecules reaches 1.83 × 10~6 as well as the limit of detection concentration reaches 10-13 M.This method is anticipated to afford new enhancement probability for other 2D materials, even non-metal oxide semiconductor SERS substrates.