傅里叶红外光谱气体检测限的定性分析

傅里叶红外光谱仪检测和定量气态化合物的最小量取决于所测气体光谱的信噪比.为了使用傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱测量CO₂,CO,CH₄和N₂O等温室气体,对混合气体的信噪比和仪器检测限进行了研究.提出通过HITRAN模拟光谱计算仪器的气体检测限并分析波段等因素的影响.此外,搭建实验平台来验证基于HITRAN模拟光谱计算的检测限近似作为仪器实际测量检测限的精确程度,并分析了两者具有误差的原因和现有实验平台的不足及优化方案.     

辉光放电聚合物结构及力学性质研究

采用低压等离子体聚合技术,通过调整工作气压和反式二丁烯(T₂B)与H₂流量比制备了辉光放电聚合物(GDP)涂层. 利用傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱和元素分析法讨论了工作气压和T₂B与H₂流量比对GDP涂层内部H原子含量及结构的影响,并且通过纳米压痕技术对GDP涂层的硬度及杨氏模量进行了表征.研究结果表明:降低工作气压和T₂B与H₂流量比,GDP涂层内sp³ C 关键词： 傅里叶变换红外光谱 纳米压痕 杨氏模量 硬度     

二维傅里叶变换光谱实验方法简介

二维傅里叶变换光谱是近几十年来发展起来的一种先进光谱技术. 与其他超快光谱方法相比,它具有许多优点,并且为研究各种复杂系统提供了巨大的机会. 然而,二维傅里叶变换光谱的系统搭建、实验测量和理论描述仍面临许多挑战,从而限制了其广泛应用. 近年来,随着超快激光等各种相关技术的发展和革新,二维傅里叶变换光谱方法也逐渐发展成熟,进而大大降低了进行二维傅里叶变换光谱实验的技术壁垒. 对于二维傅里叶变换光谱实验装置的光学设计,目前存在许多不同的方法,每种方法都有其自身的优点和局限性. 但是目前还没有一个简单的教程可以帮助实验工作者选择搭建其第一套二维傅里叶变换光谱实验装置. 因此,本文旨在为计划搭建其第一套二维傅里叶变换光谱实验装置的初学者提供一个简短的介绍.     

强度调制-傅里叶变换光谱偏振技术研究与仿真

强度调制-傅里叶变换光谱偏振技术是一种综合强度调制光谱偏振技术和傅里叶变换光谱技术的新型光谱偏振测量技术,能够同时实现全斯托克斯光谱偏振参数测量,保留了傅里叶变换光谱技术高通量、多通道的特点,同时具有降低数据处理复杂程度的优点.文章对强度调制-傅里叶变换光谱偏振测量技术的数据采集和光谱偏振复原过程进行了理论分析,给出了...     

CO2及其碳同位素比值高精度检测研究

改进了一种基于傅里叶变换红外光谱法测量CO₂气体的装置, 改进后的装置能够提高CO₂检测精度, 并能同时测量CO₂碳同位素比值. 研究了温度和压力对CO₂浓度值和CO₂碳同位素比值测量的影响规律. 利用该装置连续测量了标准CO₂气体和环境大气, 对标准CO₂气体测量得到的CO₂浓度值及其碳同位素比值进行温度和压力影响修正, 获得了较好的精度和准确度. 关键词： 光谱学 同位素比值 傅里叶变换红外光谱 二氧化碳     

大气光学遥感监测技术现状与发展趋势

针对开展环境空气中的痕量污染气体监测研究的需求,综述了目前应用较广的光谱遥感监测技术。阐述了利用光学遥感技术监测大气环境的工作原理,详细介绍了几种主流的大气监测技术,包括傅里叶变换红外光谱技术,差分吸收光谱技术,激光长程吸收技术,可调谐激光二极管吸收光谱技术,差分吸收激光雷达技术,指出了上述监测方法的特点并对它们的优缺点进行了分析与比较。     

相位提取法测量超短激光脉冲时间分布特性

从理论上论述通过测量激光及其通过非线性光谱晶体产生的二次谐波的光谱分布,并利用相位提取及傅里叶变换得到激光时域分布。     

主成分分析在温室气体时序红外光谱处理中的应用研究

傅里叶变换红外光谱技术可同时测量多种温室气体组分的浓度。仪器噪声和谱线重叠效应会对光谱数据的质量产生影响,从而影响各组分反演浓度的结果。针对上述问题,使用不同数量的主成分对时序测量光谱矩阵进行重建,并将重建光谱矩阵与原始光谱矩阵之间的欧式距离和余弦距离作为动态选择主成分数量的判据,重建时序测量光谱,从而提高时序光谱数据的质量。采用该方法分别对数值仿真光谱、标准气体测量光谱和外场实验测量光谱进行了处理。结果表明,叠加0.001 RMS噪声的数值仿真光谱经过光谱重建后,光谱的结构特征未明显改变,重建光谱与原始光谱之间的残差标准差为4.191×10^-4,有效降低了测量光谱中噪声的影响。采用该方法对标准气体的平均测量光谱进行了重建,并比较了重建光谱与平均光谱的反演浓度精度。1 min平均测量光谱反演各组分浓度的精度为CO₂:0.24μmol·mol^-1、 CH₄:5.24 nmol·mol^-1、 N₂O:2.92 nmol·mol^-1和CO:...     

傅里叶变换光谱成像仪光谱传递函数研究

根据光学传递函数理论,定义了光谱成像仪的光谱传递函数. 针对基于Michelson干涉仪的时间调制傅里叶变换（FT）光谱成像仪,基于Sagnac干涉仪、Fresnel干涉仪、Lloyd干涉仪的空间调制FT光谱成像仪,推导出相应的光谱调制传递函数和光谱相位传递函数解析表达式,并分析了其物理意义. 光谱传递函数为评价相应光谱成像仪在光谱域的性能提供了一种量化的判据. 与空间域的光学传递函数相结合,成为反映光谱成像仪综合性能的客观依据. 关键词： 傅里叶变换 光谱成像仪 光谱传递函数     

运用傅里叶变换对差分吸收光谱的解析

利用差分吸收光谱技术原理,设计了相应的差分吸收光谱监测装置,对环境中存在两种主要污染气体SO₂和NO₂进行了监测。在对所测光谱进行分析时,提出了用傅里叶变换的信号分析方法来解析上述两种气体的吸收光谱。在光谱分析过程中,主要包括光谱信号的去噪处理和慢变化的拟合两大步骤。差分吸收光谱仪所测到的原始光谱经傅里叶变换后,频谱中的低频部分对应的就是原始光谱中的慢变化部分,而噪声谱主要集中在变换后频谱的高频部分,所以可以通过截取一定频率段的频谱后再通过逆傅里叶变换来去除气体吸收光谱中的慢变换部分和噪声部分,进一步处理后可以得到气体的差分吸收光谱,从而反演计算出对应的气体浓度。通过分析比较,该方法是一种新的差分吸收光谱解析方法,可以更好地拟合出原始光谱中的慢变化部分,与此同时,在去除噪声影响,提高信噪比方面有很好的作用。     

High-Resolution Fourier-Transform Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy of D2O in the Region of the 4ν1+ν3 Band

The high-resolution absorption spectrum of the D₂O molecule was recorded with the Fourier-transform intracavity laser absorption spectrometer in the region 12 570-12 820 cm⁻¹ where the band 4ν₁+ν₃ is located. Transitions belonging to the 4ν₁+ν₃ band, and the bands 3ν₁+2ν₃ and 3ν₁+2ν₂+ν₃, of which the up states are strongly interacted with that of the 4ν₁+ν₃, were assigned in the recorded spectrum. Up state energy levels were fitted to derive effective spectroscopic parameters, which reproduce majority of the assigned transitions within the experimental accuracy.     

Laser and absorption saturation measurements of Cr crystals, pumped by broadband pulsed 940 nm radiation

The characteristics of a 940 nm pumped Cr⁴⁺:forsterite laser have been investigated using a pulsed colour centre laser as the excitation source. Laser threshold, slope efficiency and temporal behaviour have been determined for high and low Cr⁴⁺ doped material. 940 nm pumping is found to be more efficient than 532 and 730–770 nm excitation. Discrepancies with 1064 nm pumping are attributed to excited state absorption. Absorption saturation measurements have been used to assess the potential applications of Cr⁴⁺:forsterite, Cr⁴⁺:YAG and Cr⁴⁺: Lu₃A1₅O₁₂ (LuAG) as passive Q-switches for Nd lasers in the 940 nm region.     

Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy of D2O between 12 850 and 13 380 cm

The high resolution absorption spectrum of dideuterated water, D₂O, has been recorded by Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ICLAS) in the 12 850-13 380 cm⁻¹ spectral region which is the higher energy region reported so far for this water isotopologue. Very high deuterium enrichment was necessary to minimize the HDO absorption lines overlapping the D₂O spectrum. The achieved sensitivity (noise equivalent absorption α_min ∼ 10⁻⁹ cm⁻¹) allowed detecting transitions with line strengths on the order of 5 × 10⁻²⁸ cm/molecule. The spectrum analysis, based on recent variational calculations has provided a set of 422 new rovibrational energy levels belonging to 11 vibrational states, including rotational sublevels for four new vibrational states and one level of the (0 9 1) highly excited bending state. The very weak (1 0 4)-(0 0 0) band at 13 263.902 cm⁻¹, which is the highest D₂¹⁶O band currently observed, could be assigned despite the fact that the HDO absorption in the region is stronger by three orders of magnitude. The list of 996 D₂¹⁶O transitions is provided as Supplementary Material.     

Structure and methyl groups internal rotation of difluorodimethylsilane

The rotational spectra of the normal and ¹³C isotopomers of difluorodimethylsilane have been measured by molecular beam Fourier-transform microwave (FTMW) and free-jet absorption millimeter-wave (FJ-AMMW) spectroscopy. Each rotational transition is split into several component lines due to the two methyl groups internal rotations. The corresponding V₃ barrier has been determined to be 5.256(3) kJ mol⁻¹. A r₀ structure of the heavy atoms skeleton has been obtained. The silicon atom lies—accidentally—on the center of mass of the molecule.     

Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy of D2O between 11 400 and 11 900 cm

The weak absorption spectrum of dideuterated water, D₂O, has been recorded by Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ICLAS) between 11 400 and 11 900 cm⁻¹. This spectrum is dominated by the 3ν₁ + ν₂ + ν₃ and the ν₁ + ν₂ + 3ν₃ centered at 11 500.25 and 11 816.64 cm⁻¹, respectively. A total of 530 energy levels belonging to eight vibrational states were determined. The rovibrational assignment process of the 840 lines attributed to D₂O was mostly based on the results of new variational calculations consisting in a refinement of the potential energy surface of Shirin et al. [J. Chem. Phys., 120 (2004) 206] on the basis of recent experimental observations, and a dipole moment surface from Schwenke and Partridge [J. Chem. Phys. 113 (2000) 6592]. The overall agreement between these calculations and the observed spectrum is very good both for the line positions and the line intensities.     

Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy of HDO between 12 145 and 13 160 cm

The high resolution absorption spectrum of monodeuterated water, HDO, has been recorded by Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ICLAS) in the 12 145-13 160 cm⁻¹ region. The achieved sensitivity (noise equivalent absorption on the order of α_min ∼ 10⁻⁹ cm⁻¹) allowed detecting transitions with line strengths as weak as 10⁻²⁷ cm/molecule which is about 50 times lower than the weakest line intensities previously detected in the considered region.The rovibrational assignment of the 1179 lines attributed to the HDO isotopologue was based on the results of the variational calculations of Schwenke and Partridge as well as the recent calculations based on a new HDO potential energy surface refined from the fitting to the available experimental data. The overall agreement between these new calculations and the observed spectrum is very good, the rms deviation of the differences between the calculated and observed energy values being 0.05 cm⁻¹. A set of 304 new experimental HDO energy levels was obtained. In particular, band origins for the (1 2 2), (2 0 2), and (3 1 1) vibrational states, at 12 568.190, 12 644.652, and 12 919.938 cm⁻¹, respectively, and their rotational sublevels are derived for the first time. A detailed HDO database of 1337 transitions was constructed and is provided as Supplementary Material.     

ICLAS of HDO between 13,020 and 14,115 cm

The high resolution absorption spectrum of monodeuterated water, HDO, has been recorded by Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ICLAS) in the 13,020–14,115 cm⁻¹ region dominated by the 4ν₃ band. The achieved noise equivalent absorption (α_min10⁻⁹ cm⁻¹) allowed detecting transitions with line strengths as small as 2×10⁻²⁷ cm/molecule which is about 10 times lower than the smallest line intensities previously detected in the region.The rovibrational assignment of the spectrum was based on the results of the variational calculations of Schwenke and Partridge (SP) as well as recent calculations using a new potential energy surface performed by Voronin, Tolchenov and Tennyson (VTT). 2157 transitions involving 21 upper vibrational states were assigned to HD¹⁶O while only four bands were previously reported in the region. A set of 157 new energy levels could be derived. It includes rotational levels of several highly excited bending states, in particular the (0 11 0) pure bending state. For some states like the (1 0 3) and (0 2 3) Fermi dyad, effective Hamiltonian modelling was needed to establish the vibrational assignments of some rotational levels. VTT calculations were found to significantly improve the SP results, the rms deviation of the calculated and observed energies being decreased from 0.23 to 0.06 cm⁻¹.Finally, 79 transitions of the 4ν₃ band of the HD¹⁸O isotopologue were assigned, leading to the derivation of 48 levels, which are the most excited energy levels reported so far for this isotopologue.     

Rotational analysis of 6ν3 and 6ν3+ν2−ν2 bands of N2O from ICLAS spectra between 12,760 and 12,900 cm

The absorption spectrum of nitrous oxide (N₂O) has been recorded by Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy between 12,760 and 12,900 cm⁻¹. The rotational analysis led to an improved determination of rovibrational parameters of the 6ν₃ and 6ν₃+ν₂-ν₂ bands of ¹⁴N₂¹⁶O. The high J rotational levels of the (0 0 ⁰6) and (0 1 ¹6) upper states were found perturbed by an anharmonic interaction. Line intensity values of the 6ν₃ band are provided and the main effective dipole moment parameter has been determined.     

D2O: ICLAS between 13 600 and 14 020 cm and normal mode labeling of the vibrational states

The high resolution absorption spectrum of dideuterated water, D₂¹⁶O, has been recorded by Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ICLAS) in the 13 600-14 020 cm⁻¹ spectral region which is the highest energy region reported so far for this water isotopologue. Because the HD¹⁶O absorption is stronger by three orders of magnitude in the region under study, it was necessary to use high deuterium enrichment in order to minimize the HD¹⁶O absorption lines overlapping the D₂¹⁶O spectrum. With the high sensitivity achieved (noise equivalent absorption α_min ∼10⁻⁹ cm⁻¹), transitions with line strengths on the order of 5 × 10⁻²⁸ cm molecule⁻¹ could be detected. The spectrum analysis, based on recent variational calculations has provided a set of 177 new rovibrational energy levels belonging to six vibrational states.The most complete set of 53 vibrational energy levels of D₂¹⁶O, including the three newly determined band origins, was constructed from an exhaustive review of the literature data. The fitting of the parameters of the vibrational effective Hamiltonian has allowed to reproduce the whole set of vibrational energies with an rms deviation of 0.055 cm⁻¹. This simple model gave consistent vibrational labels of the D₂¹⁶O states up to 18 000 cm⁻¹. Above 15 000 cm⁻¹, Fermi and Darling-Dennison resonance interaction were found to induce strong vibrational mixings of the wave functions in the normal mode basis, leading to ambiguous vibrational labeling.