对“测定水的汽化热仪器的改进”一文的看法

对“测定水的汽化热仪器的改进”一文的看法聂映中（江西九江师专物理系３３２０００）《物理实验》１９９５年第４期“测定水的汽化热仪器的改进”一文提出由于蒸气管道中冷凝水进人冷凝器而不带来汽化热给实验结果带来较大系统误差．一般情况，蒸气质量大约５—１０ｇ，...     

水的汽化热测定实验研究

介绍一种测定水的汽化热的实验方法，并对其测量原理作了讨论。该方法测量结果准确，方法简便。     

低冰点液体的汽化热测定实验研究

应用克拉珀龙方程获得测定低冰点液体汽化热的实验公式，自制可控温度恒温器，测量了乙二醇的汽化热．实验结果的相对误差不大于1．4％．     

测定水的汽化热仪器的改进

测定水的汽化热仪器的改进李久永（昆明师专物理系６５００３１）引言水的汽化热的测定是普物实验中的一个基本实验．目前通常采用的实验装置存在很大的系差．改进后的装置采用对比的方法，使部分主要系差得以修正，可取得较好的实验结果．同时，还存在一些需要完善的问题...     

一种测量水的汽化热的实验设计

文中设计了一种测量水的汽化热的实验设备，并用该设备测量了水的汽化热.实验结果表明，这种实验方案测量出水的汽化热与公认值十分接近，得到的实验结果误差小于1%.该方法重复性较好，实验操作便捷，仪器的开发成本较低，有极高的推广价值.     

水的汽化热实验装置的改进

水的汽化热实验是高校普物实验中的一个传统实验.目前国内高校测水的汽化热误差较大,效果不佳.经过反复实验,我们制成一套测定水的汽化热的仪器.此仪器结构简单、成本低、测量方便、误差小. 如图所示:被橡皮塞2紧密固定盖住的球形烧瓶1中装有水.加热器3的引出线和管4穿过塞子.管4使排出的蒸汽通过冷凝器5成冷却水.当水沸腾时,形成的蒸汽通     

水的比汽化热测量装置的改进

对传统的测量水的比汽化热实验中的加热和输气装置进行改进,采用集成电路温度传感器测量量热器中温度,实现了水比汽化热非电量电测,较准确地测量水的比汽化热．     

水滴对汽化热实验的影响

分析水的汽化热实验中误差的产生原因,重点探讨蒸气导管的选择对汽化热测量的影响,为提高实验精度、减小误差提出了合理而简便的改进措施。     

应用热压计算纯有机物质的汽化热

本文应用热力学基本定律建立了汽化热与热压的关系,然后把立方型状态方程引入上述关系式,从而导出可推算各种物质汽化热的通用公式。本文应用该公式对３２种常用的物质（其中包括强极性,氢键缔合物质,如醇类等）的汽化热进行计算,并与实验数据进行比较,总的平均误差为 １５５％。     

我改進了測汽化熱的實驗

初中物理课本所示测水的汽化热的實驗,其中所使用的仪器裝置过於簡單,按照教科书上的實驗步骤作出的结果,汽化热是100—200卡/克,差誤太大,會給学生造成思想上的混亂,因此這個實驗方法有改進的必要。一、按教科書上的裝置作實驗存在以下幾     

ICP—AES同时测定钴酸锂中13个杂质元素

利用全谱直读ICP-AES分析技术,对试样处理方法、元素分析谱线、基体干扰、背景校正、仪器分析参数等进行了研究,综合确定了最佳实验条件。将钴酸锂试样用硝酸、高氯酸处理后,再用盐酸与硝酸溶解残渣,ICP-AES同时测定铜、铁、镍、锰、铂、铋、铅、金、铝、镉、钯、锡、砷等13个杂质元素。样品加标回收率为85.2%—113.0%,相对标准偏差为1.0%—7.7%。方法操作简便、快速、准确。     

The nature of empirical constants in the equation relating the frequency of the stretching vibration of oh-groups to parameters of the [MO n ]-polyhedrons coordinating these groups

Institute of Physicoorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220603, Minsk, Ul. Surganova, 13, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 104–107, January–February, 1995.     

Short-pulse Calorimetric Load for High Power Millimeter-wave Beams

A spherical compact matched load, for high vacuum operation suited for short pulses (2 MW, 0.1 s) precise measurement has been designed to test high power gyrotrons Bruschi, Gandini, Muzzini, Spinicchia, Cirant, Gittini, Granucci, Mellera, Nardone, Simonetto, and Sozzi (Fusion Eng. Des. 56–57:649–654, 2001); Bruschi, Cirant, Gandini, Granucci, Mellera, Muzzini, Nardone, Simonetto, Sozzi, and Spinicchia (Nucl. Fusion 43:1513–1519, 2003); Bruschi, Cirant, Gandini, Gittini, Granucci, Mellera, Muzzini, Nardone, Simonetto, Sozzi, Spinicchia, Angella, and Signorelli (Development of CW and short-pulse calorimetric loads for high power millimeter-wave Beams, 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology, September 20–24, 2004, Venice, Italy). In order to enhance the power handling capability of the load and to reduce the operation problems that may arise from an excessive reflection from the load, a ray tracing code has been written to model the power distribution on the inner surface and the pattern of the reflected radiation. The outcome of this code has been used to select a more convenient profile for the spreading mirror of the load and to optimize a pre-load specially conceived to minimize the power reflected fraction.     

Effect of oxygen on the optical properties of ZnSe in the region of 0.44–20 μm

Moscow Power Engineering Institute, 14, Krasnokazarmennaya Str., Moscow, GSP, 105835, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnois Spektroskopii, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 646–651, July–August, 1996.     

Atomic-emission spectrum analysis of soil

A method of the atomic-emission spectrum analysis of soil has been developed for control of the accumulation of technogenic impurities in environmental objects. A sample, after calcination at 550°C, is evaporated in an arc discharge. Spectra are recorded by a DFS-8 spectrograph. Simultaneously, determination is made of Li, Ba, Sr, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Bi, Mo, V, Ge, Ga, Y, Nb, Sn, Cd. For the majority of the elements the detection limits are lower than their percent abundance in the crust and their maximum permissible concentrations. Institute for Single Crystals, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60, Lenin Ave., Khar'kov, 310001, Ukraine. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 396–399, May–June, 1997.     

ICP-AES雾化法氢化法联合测定白族产妇及新生儿发中常微量元素

本文报道用ICP-AES同时测定人发中24种元素的方法。采用10mg/ml样品,4.8mol/L盐酸溶液,用基体匹配法校正干扰,分别用雾化法和氢化法测定,用人发标准检验方法和结果的准确性。较满意地测定了Zn等18种元素。91例母婴发中的Zn、Fe、Sr、Mg、Cd、P、Ni、Se、As和Mo等元素呈显著的正相关性。     

Optical properties of pure and doped Y3Fe5O12 single crystals

Institute of Physics of Solids and Semiconductors, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 17, P. Brovka Str., GSP, Minsk, 220072. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 667–675, July–August, 1996.     

Properties of zinc sulfide luminophores in thin-film structures

Ul'yanovsk State Technical University, 32, Severnyi Venets St., Ul'yanovsk, 432027, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 182–185, May–June, 1995.     

Recognition of practical speech emotion using improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm

Due to the drawbacks in Support Vector Machine（SVM）parameter optimization,an Improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm（Im-SFLA）was proposed,and the learning ability in practical speech emotion recognition was improved.Firstly,we introduced Simulated Annealing（SA）,Immune Vaccination（Iv）,Gaussian mutation and chaotic disturbance into the basic SFLA,which bManced the search efficiency and population diversity effectively.Secondly,Im-SFLA Was applied to the optimization of SVM parameters,and an Im-SFLA-SVM method Was proposed.Thirdly,the acoustic features of practical speech emotion,such aS ridgetiness,were analyzed.The pitch frequency,short-term energy,formant frequency and chaotic characteristics were analyzed corresponding to different emotion categories,and we constructed a 144-dimensional emotion feature vector for recognition and reduced to 4-dimension by adopting Linear Discriminant Analysis（LDA） Finally,the Im-SFLA-SVM method Was tested on the practical speech emotion database,and the recognition results were compared with Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm optimization-SVM（SFLA-SVM）method,Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm optimization-SVM（PSo-SVM） method,basic SVM,Gaussian Mixture Model（GMM）method and Back Propagation（BP）neural network method.The experimentM resuits showed that the average recognition rate of Im-SFLA-SVM method was 77.8%,which had improved 1.7%,2.7%,3.4%,4.7%and 7.8%respectively,compared with the other methods.The recognition of fidgetiness was significantly improve,thus verifying that Im-SFLA was an effective SVM parameter selection method,and the Im-SFLA-SVM method may significantly improve the practical speech emotion recognition.     

ICP-AES测定铜电解液中的Fe、Ni、Pb、Bi、Sb、Zn和As

利用ICP-AES分析技术,通过对样品处理、元素分析谱线、酸度等因素进行试验研究,综合确定了分析条件,对铜电解液中杂质元素（Fe、Ni、Pb、Bi、Sb、Zn、As）进行了ICP-AES测定。结果表明,ICP-AES测定铜电解液中Fe、Ni、Pb、Bi、Sb、Zn和As,可以满足铜电解生产的需要,为高纯阴极铜的生产起了指导作用。