铁磁性物质Co的液态结构分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学模拟方法在１８７３－３００Ｋ的温度范围内对液态Ｃｏ的微正则系综进行了模拟研究,模拟采用ＥＡＭ相互作用势,对时间和空间的平均,得到了不同温度下Ｃｏ的双体分布函数及原子组态变化的重要信息,当冷却速度较慢时,液态金属Ｃｏ最终形成晶态,当冷却速度较快时,液态Ｃｏ最后形成了非晶态,双体分布函数随的变化规律说明液态金属随温度的降低,有序度不断增强,利用键对分析技术对模拟结果作了深入分析,液态金属中     

二十面体准晶对非晶形成影响的模拟

采用分子动力学模拟技术,以液态金属Ni为例,研究了在不同冷却条件下形成晶体及非晶的过程.模拟采用镶嵌原子法(EAM)作用势,得到了不同温度、不同冷却速度下Ni的径向分布函数以及原子组态变化的重要信息,利用键对分析技术探讨了二十面体准晶对非晶形成的影响.     

CuX／bpy催化体系中甲基丙烯酸甲酯的原子转移自由基聚合

讨论了以α－溴代丙酸乙酯（ＥＰＮ－Ｂｒ）为引发剂、卤化亚铜（ＣｕＸ）／联二吡啶（ｂｐｙ）为催化剂，８０℃下，甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）地不同溶剂中的原子转移自由基聚合（ＡＴＲＰ）反应。通过对催化剂ＣｕＢｒ或ＣｕＣｌ及几种溶剂的考察，发现在８０℃下ＥＰＮ－Ｂｒ／ＣｕＢｒ／ｂｐｙ能有效控制丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＡ）的本体ＡＴＲＰ反应，但并不能很好地控制ＭＭＡ在ＥＡｃ中的聚合反应为一可控聚合过程，引发效率为０．８     

铜在HOPG上电沉积过程的现场ECSTM研究

用自制的电化学扫描隧道显微镜（ＥＣＳＴＭ）现场研究Ｃｕ在ＨＯＰＧ上的电沉积过程．结果表明Ｃｕ在ＨＯＰＧ上的电沉积为三维成核的过程．当电位较低或Ｃｕ２＋离子浓度较低时，铜在本体金属生长主要沿着台阶方向．过电位较高时，铜的成核数目增加，沉积层的晶粒有所细化．同时，非现场ＥＣＳＴＭ比较研究表明，ＳＴＭ针尖对针尖局部区域的电沉积起屏蔽作用，针尖所在区域Ｃｕ的沉积速度比其它区域明显减小     

Cu—Nd（Ce,La）—Al合金及Raney Cu—Nd（Ce,La）催化剂的XRD研究

采用ＸＲＤ表征手段对不同稀土元素不同组成的Ｃｕ－Ａｌ－Ｍ（Ｍ＝Ｎｄ，Ｃｅ和Ｌａ）合金及其碱抽提产物ＲａｎｅｙＣｕ－Ｍ催化剂的体相结构进行了表征，发现所有Ｃｕ－Ａｌ－Ｍ合金均形成有二元ＣｕＡｌ２和三元ＣｕＭＡｌ８的两种晶相，随着稀土元素含量的增中，三元Ｃｕ，ＭＡｌ８晶相逐渐增多。而且其中的Ａｌ难于ＣｕＡｌ２中的Ａｌ的抽提，ＲａｎｅｙＣｕ－Ｍ催化剂中只存在金属铜的晶相，未形成Ｃｕ－Ｍ晶相，而一随着Ａｌ     

Eu2+在多相体系中的发光

研究了基质结构与离子半径的形成关系和Ｅｕ２＋在同时形成的多相体系中的发光现象．在ＭＭｇＡｌ１０Ｏ１７体系中,当Ｍ离子半径小于０．１０ｎｍ时,体系形成多相共存．首次观察到在磁铅矿、尖晶石和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３三相同时共存体系中,Ｅｕ２＋优先占据离子半径和电荷与之匹配的磁铅矿中的Ｃａ２＋离子格位,不进入尖晶石和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶相中的Ｍｇ２＋、Ａｌ３＋离子格位,仅产生Ｅｕ２＋的ｄ→ｆ跃迁宽带发射,且观察不到Ｅｕ３＋的特征光谱;在尖晶石和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３两相同时共存体系中,Ｅｕ２＋可进入尖晶石和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶相中的Ｍｇ２＋、Ａｌ３＋离子格位,分别产生Ｅｕ２＋的ｄ→ｆ和ｆ→ｆ跃迁发射,同时还观察到相当强的Ｅｕ３＋的特征光谱;在α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３单一相中,Ｅｕ２＋产生ｆ→ｆ跃迁发射,并观察到明显的Ｅｕ３＋的特征光谱,在α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３与γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３同时存在的混合相中,Ｅｕ２＋的ｆ→ｆ跃迁发射消失,产生新的ｄ→ｆ跃迁宽带发射     

液态合金NiAl凝固过程中微观结构转变的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法对液态NiAl凝固过程进行了研究,考察了不同冷却速度下液态NiAl结构变化特点,原子间相互作用势采用F-S多体势,结构分析采用键取向序和对分析技术.计算结果表明,冷却速度对液态NiAl结构转变有重要影响,在不同的冷却速度下, NiAl凝固过程出现了明显不同,冷速为4×1013和4×1012 K/s时, NiAl快速凝固为无序的非晶体结构;而在较慢的8×1011 K/s冷速下, NiAl凝固为晶态结构.给出了不同冷却速度下液态NiAl结构转变的微观信息.     

耐蚀合金Au3 Cu高温冷却过程中能量及结构转变的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学模拟方法对液态Au3Cu冷却过程进行了研究,考察了不同冷却速度下Au3Cu结构变化特点,原子间相互作用势采用F-S多体势,结构分析采用键取向序和对分析技术.计算结果表明,冷却速度对液态Au3Cu能量及结构转变有重要影响,给出了不同冷却速度下液态Au3Cu结构转变的微观信息.     

液态金属和合金表面张力的预测

用人工神经网络预测了液态纯金属的表面张力， 在Ｂｕｔｌｅｒ 方程的基础上用Ｃ＋ ＋ 语言编制了由合金熔体热力学参数和纯组元表面张力计算液态合金表面张力的计算程序—ＳＴＣＢＥ。一批Ｓｎ 基、Ａｇ 基和Ｃｕ 基二元合金的计算值与实验值吻合很好， 预测了１４００ Ｋ时二元液态合金ＣｕＲＥ（ＲＥ：Ｃｅ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ）的表面张力。     

杂原子Me－VPI－5（Me＝Mg，Ti，Sn，Si）相转变及其对Eu（Ⅲ）光谱结构的研究

用水热同晶置换法合成了杂原子磷酸铝分子筛Ｍｅ－ＶＰＩ－５（Ｍｅ＝Ｍｇ，Ｔｉ，Ｓｎ，Ｓｉ）．通过水相离子交换法掺杂稀土离子，考察了高温和高压下的相变行为．讨论了相变过程对稀土离子光谱的影响．随着温度升高，Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）Ｍｇ－ＶＰＩ－５先转变为Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）－ＡｌＰＯ４－８，然后又转变成致密的磷石英相．压力对Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）光谱结构具有显著影响．随着压力增加，Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）光谱结构发生规律性变化．     

金属Cu熔化结晶过程的分子动力学模拟

采用常温、常压分子动力学模拟技术,研究了在周期性边界条件下,由864个Cu原子构成的模型系统的熔化、结晶过程。原子间相互作用势采用EAM势。模拟结果表明：在连续升温过程中,金属Cu在1520 K熔化;以不同的冷速进行冷却,在较慢冷却条件下,液态Cu在1010 K结晶;当冷速较快时,液态Cu形成非晶态。分析了升降温过程中熔体偶分布函数、原子体积、能量、MSD随温度的变化特征。     

原子尺寸差异与非晶形成能力

采用分子动力学模拟技术，研究了纯Au及AuCu合金的熔化、非晶化和晶化过程.模拟结果表明,在冷却速率为5×1011 K•s－1至4×1012 K•s－1的范围内，液态Au总是形成晶体，且冷速越快，结晶温度越低；而AuCu合金则形成非晶，且冷速越快，非晶转变温度越高.验证了原子尺寸的不匹配有利于非晶形成这一规律.     

耐蚀合金Al3Ni和Ni3Al液态冷凝过程的比较研究

采用F-S多体势对液态合金Al3Ni和Ni3Al在不同冷却速度下的微观结构及其转变机制进行了分子动力学模拟,得到了不同冷速下各温度的双体分布函数;采用HA键型指数法对其结构进行了分析,结果表明: Al3Ni在两种冷速下均以非晶的形式出现,只是慢冷时体系的有序度略有升高;而Ni3Al的结构及能量转变受冷速影响较大,快冷时形成非晶,而慢冷时出现明显结晶;同样冷速下Al含量较少的Ni3Al体系的有序度高,更易形成晶体,晶体的形成过程中有能量突变.     

热镀铜层冷凝过程的分子动力学模拟

During the hot-dip process of Cu on the surface of the steel,it involves the solidification from liquid to coating. The cooling rate has great influence on the microstructure and the performance. By means of constanttemperature,constant-pressure molecular dynamics simulation technique,the solidification process of the liquid model system made of 500 Cu particles has been studied with the period boundary condition. With the pairs analysis technology and the bond orientational order method,the difference of the structure and energy of the liquid Cu model system between different cooling velocities has been compared. The significant information of microcosmic structural transformation in the solidification process of liquid Cu system has been obtained. The calculation results show that the Finnis-Sinclair（FS）potential works very well in the solidification process of Cu. Cooling slowly the crystal copper layer can be obtained. Cooling quickly the amorphous copper layer can be obtained.     

冷却速率对液态Ni凝固过程中微观结构演变影响的模拟研究

用分子动力学方法和EAM模型势对液态金属Ni原子系统在不同冷却速率下凝固过程中微观结构的演变进行了模拟研究.结果表明, 冷却速率对微结构演变有决定性影响, 当冷速为1.0×10¹⁴和 4.0×10¹³ K•s^-1时, 系统将形成以1551、1541和1431三种键型为主的非晶态结构. 当冷速为2.0×10¹³和 1.0×10¹² K•s^-1时, 系统将形成不同的晶态结构；前者形成以1421、1422二种键型为主的 fcc 与hcp结构共存的晶态结构；后者形成以1421键型为主的fcc 结构占绝对优势的晶态结构, 其结晶起始温度Tc分别为1073 K和1173 K.同时发现, 原子的平均配位数（最近邻数）对温度和冷速的变化相当敏感, 且其突变点正好与结晶转变温度Tc相对应, 这将为液态金属结晶转变过程的研究提供一条新途径.     

Thermochemical Properties of the 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Ionic Liquid under Conditions of Equilibrium with Atmospheric Moisture

Thermochemical properties of the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ionic liquid [EMim]NTf₂ containing moisture absorbed from the atmosphere (0.242 wt %) are investigated. The phase behavior and thermal stability relative to salt dried in vacuum are studied by means of thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry at different heating and cooling rates. The glass transition, crystallization, and melting temperatures, the enthalpies of phase transitions, and the changes in heat capacity during the formation of glass are determined. It is established that the absorbed water crystallizes at a temperature of around ?40.6°C and has virtually no effect on the thermal stability and phase behavior of the salt. Rapid cooling results in the ionic liquid transitioning into the glass state at ?91.7 °C and the formation of three mesophases with different melting temperatures; one crystalline modification that melts at a temperature of ?19.3°C forms upon slow cooling.     

Molecular dynamics simulation on devitrification: isothermal devitrification and thermodynamics of PbF2 glasses

The vitrification and devitrification features of lead fluoride are investigated by means of molecular dynamic simulations. The influence of heating rate on the devitrification temperature as well as the dependence of the glass properties on its thermal history, i.e., the cooling rate employed, is identified. As expected, different glasses are obtained when the cooling rates differ. Diffusion coefficient analysis during heating of glass and crystal, indicates that the presence of defects on the glassy matrix favors the transition processes from the ionic to a superionic state, with high mobility of fluorine atoms, responsible for the high anionic conduction of lead fluoride. Nonisothermal and isothermal devitrification processes are simulated in glasses obtained at different cooling rates and structural organizations occurring during the heat treatments are clearly observed. When a fast cooling rate is employed during the glass formation, the devitrification of a single crystal (limited by the cell dimensions) is observed, while the glass obtained with slower cooling rate, allowing relaxations and organization of various regions on the glass bulk during the cooling process, devitrifies in more than one crystalline plane.     

DSC analysis of the anti-HIV agent loviride as a preformulation tool in the development of hot-melt extrudates

Thermal analysis was performed on the anti-HIV agent loviride in order to test its suitability to be processed using hot-melt extrusion. Temperature characteristic parameters of crystallization were determined to quantify the stability of amorphous loviride. The present study has shown that cooling and heating loviride at different rates influenced its thermal stability. At high cooling rates melted loviride did not crystallize during cooling, and formed a glass that recrystallized during reheating. Very low cooling rates resulted in significant decomposition of the drug. The glass transition temperature was found to increase as a function of increasing heating rates and the activation energy for the transition from the glassy to the super-cooled liquid state was relatively high, indicating good stability of the glass. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

聚乳酸的非等温结晶行为

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究聚乳酸(PLA)从熔体及玻璃态为初始条件下的非等温结晶行为,采用Ozawa方程、Mo法、Khanna法和Kissinger法对结晶动力学参数进行计算处理。 实验结果表明,这几种方法均适合处理PLA的非等温结晶过程,而Khanna法提出的结晶速率系数(CRC)能够方便地评价PLA相对结晶速率的大小。 PLA从玻璃态升温结晶比从熔体降温结晶容易得多,升温过程有利于晶核生成,而降温有利于晶体生长。 升温结晶时,升温速率2.0 ℃/min时,结晶焓(ΔH_c)达到最大为27.1 J/g。 从熔体等速降温过程中,随着冷却速率的降低ΔH_c单调增加,冷却速率为0.25 ℃/min时ΔH_c增加到28.3 J/g。 在较低温度下从玻璃态结晶,主要表现为异相成核的二维生长方式。 在较高的温度下从玻璃态升温结晶及从熔体冷却结晶时,以均相成核的三维生长方式结晶为主。 与升温过程相比,冷却不利于晶核的生成,所以导致冷却过程总体ΔH_c偏低,扩散活化能偏大。