用二阶矩模型研究Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性诱导湍流混合

发展了考虑密度脉动和各向异性湍流的二阶矩模型,强调了涉及湍流能量产生项的关联。采用该模型对Poggi等的激波管实验进行了模拟。通过与实验结果的比较分析,验证了采用的模型封闭、模型常数、数值算法和程序实现是合适的。在此基础上,进一步探讨了冲击马赫数和Atwood数对混合的影响。     

单模大扰动的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性

采用高精度的多介质Ghost-Fluid方法,对马赫数为1.15的激波分别作用于单模大扰动Air-CO2、Air-SF6、Air-N2和Air-He界面后的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定现象进行了数值研究,得到了不同时刻扰动界面的演化图像,给出了流场的密度等值线和密度纹影图,同实验结果吻合较好。给出了界面的扰动增长随时间变化的情况,并同理论模型进行了对比。对激波从轻气体进入重气体的情况,扰动增长可采用Sadot模型描述线性阶段和早期非线性阶段;对于弱激波同密度接近的气体界面的相互作用,线性阶段时间较长,可用线性模型描述。     

Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性流体混合区发展的实验研究

使用矩形激波管,在马赫数分别为$M=1.5$和1.7的条件下实验研究了气/液界面 上(即Atwood数$A$接近1时)由Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性引起的流体混合现象. 得到 了气/液界面上Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性后期流体混合区域宽度随时间的发展呈现出线 性关系的结果,即$h \propto t$. 比较了不同马赫数和初始扰动下的发展情况,发现当 马赫数增加时,同一时间混合区域 宽度随之增加,混合区域宽度增长变快;而相比于波长差别不大的弱多模态初始扰动(无人 为干扰界面), 当界面初始扰动获得随机外界干扰时,界面混合区域具有较大的宽度以及增 长速度. 并且增加激波马赫数和初始扰动多模态性,流体混合程度更为剧烈.     

柱状交界面Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性的数值研究

采用基于有限体积法的二阶Godunov格式模拟了柱形密度交界面在同轴激波加速下的演化过程。得到了以下初步结果:在参数相同的情形下,内聚激波比中心爆炸波对界面的扰动更危险;内聚激波从轻质流体进入重质流体与从重质流体进入轻质流体相比,界面有更快的增长。周向波数大小对界面增长率有很大的影响,在计算的参数下,n=8～12有最大增长率,大于和小于这个范围的周向波长,增长率均明显减弱。     

激波冲击下air/SF6界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性

实验研究了低马赫数(1.27)激波作用air/SF6界面的RM不稳定性问题.air/SF6初始正弦界面由厚度为1～2 μm的薄膜相隔得到,用阴影法测试界面演化过程.实验结果表明:由于不稳定性重流体(SF6)向轻流体(air)演化成“尖钉”结构,而轻流体演化为“气泡”结构;由于界面切向速度差的Kelvin-Helm-ho...     

反射激波作用重气柱的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性的实验研究

采用高速摄影结合激光片光源技术,研究了反射激波冲击空气环境中重气体(SF₆)气柱的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性。通过在横式激波管试验段采用可移动反射端壁获得不同反射距离,实现了反射激波在不同时刻二次冲击处于演化中后期的气柱界面,得到了不同的界面演化规律。反射距离较小时,斜压机制对气柱界面形态演化的影响显著,界面衍生出二次涡对结构;反射距离较大时,压力扰动机制的影响显著,界面在流向上被明显地压缩,没有形成明显的涡结构。由气柱界面形态的时间演化图像得到了界面位置和整体尺度随时间的变化,对反射激波作用后气柱界面的演化进行了量化分析。     

流场非均匀性对非平面激波诱导的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性影响的数值研究

基于Navier-Stokes方程组,采用可压缩多介质黏性流动和湍流大涡模拟程序MVFT (multi-viscousflow and turbulence),模拟了均匀流场与初始密度呈现高斯函数分布的非均匀流场中马赫数为1.25的非平面激波加载初始扰动air/SF6界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM)不稳定性现象。数值模拟结果表明,初始流场非均匀性将会影响非平面激波诱导的RM不稳定性演化过程。反射激波加载前,非平面激波导致的界面扰动振幅随着流场非均匀性增强而增大;反射激波加载后,非均匀流场与均匀流场条件下的界面扰动振幅差异有所减小。进一步,定量分析流场中环量分布及脉动速度统计量揭示了前述规律的原因。此外,还与平面激波诱导的RM不稳定性进行了简单对比,发现由于非平面激波波阵面区域的涡量与激波冲击界面时产生的涡量的共同作用,使得非平面激波与平面激波诱导的界面失稳过程存在差异。     

圆柱形汇聚激波诱导Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定的SPH模拟

汇聚激波诱导不同物质界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov(RM)不稳定现象在惯性约束核聚变领域有重要的学术意义和工程背景.基于网格离散的宏观流体力学方法由于数值扩散问题往往需要高阶精度算法才能准确追踪界面演化,且对大变形和破碎合并等复杂界面追踪也极为困难.光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法采用纯拉格朗日算法,可以有效克服上述难点.但经典SPH算法需采用人工黏性处理强间断,在激波间断处往往会出现严重的非物理振荡,对于涉及强冲击不稳定性问题,很难达到理想的模拟效果.本文采用基于HLL黎曼求解器的SPH算法,实现了对强激波和大密度比物质界面的有效分辨和追踪.一维数值校核证明了代码的可靠性、健壮性,并进一步模拟了二维圆柱形汇聚冲击波冲击四边形轻/重气界面诱导的RM不稳定性问题,与已有实验结果进行了对比,发现模拟结果与实验结果吻合.通过分析界面演化过程中的密度及压力变化,发现本文所采用的方法可准确地追踪激波与界面作用的复杂界面和波系演化规律.研究结果为进一步理解和解释汇聚冲击条件下的RM不稳定性机理奠定了基础.     

激波管实验研究非均匀流场R-M不稳定性

利用激波管装置及马赫数为1.27的弱入射激波实验研究了SF6非均匀流场的R-M不稳定性。Air/SF6初始正弦界面由厚度为0.5μm的薄膜相隔得到,由阴影方法记录界面演化过程。实验结果表明:由于不稳定性,重流体(SF6)向轻流体(Air)演化成"尖钉"结构,而轻流体演化为"气泡"结构;由于界面切向速度差的Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性,"尖钉"头部翻转成蘑菇头形状;由于流场密度分布不均,低密度区流场扰动增长较快,扰动振幅发展的实验结果与PPM数值计算的结果较吻合。     

反射激波冲击重气柱的RM不稳定性数值研究

数值研究了二维气柱在入射激波以及反射激波作用下的Richtmyer-Meshkov(RM)不稳定性发展规律, 采用有限体积法结合网格自 适应技术的VAS2D程序, 精确刻画激波和界面的演化. 入射平面激波的马赫数为1.2, 气柱界面内气体为六氟化硫(SF₆), 环境气体为空气, 激波管的尾端为固壁. 通过改变气柱与尾端之间的距离调节反射激波再次作用已经变形的气柱的时间, 获得不同时刻下已经变形的气柱形态、界面尺寸以及环量演化受到反射激波的影响. 结果表明, 反射激波再次作用气柱时, 气柱所处发展阶段不同, 界面演化规律以及环量随时间的变化也不相同, 反射激波与气柱相互作用过程中的涡量产生和分布与无反射情况差异较大, 揭示了不同情况下界面演化的物理机理.     

Hot-wire method for measurements of turbulent mixing induced by Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in shock tube

A constant temperature hot-wire anemometry method is applied to the study of mixing zones induced by the interaction of a shock wave with Mach number 1.25 in air with air/helium (heavy/light), air/argon or air/krypton (light/heavy) initially plane interfaces. The single wire gauge is positioned at various locations along the shock tube axis. At the present stage of our investigation, although the analysis of the hot-wire signal is not achieved yet, we report the interesting concept of using hot-wire anemometry as a diagnostic method for shock tube studies of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. Based on this preliminary work, we discuss prospective experimental signal conversion, in order to provide some new results for this field of investigation, in particular for resolving characteristics of the turbulent mixing zone which is of most interest. Received 3 August 2000 / Accepted 15 February 2001     

Turbulent mixing,induced by the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability

Turbulent mixing development, induced by passing of shock waves through the interface, has been studied on the basis of two semi-empirical models. The process of transition from random initial perturbations to turbulence is a rather complicated one, but it proceeds in a finite time. Here it is assumed that passing of shock waves through the initial zone of roughness leads to the instant development of mixing. The expression for the turbulent kinetic energy, transfered by the arriving shock wave, has been derived. The value of this energy is determined by the value of the non-dimensional parameter which is equivalent to the Richardson number. The analytical solution describing the turbulent kinetic energy decay and the mixing zone width change in time, has been obtained.The analytical form of constructed solutions allows to perform comparison between the models and to make the choice of constants on the basis of comparison with the known experiments. Comparison of the obtained theoretical results with Zaitzev's experimental data is given for the impulsive acceleration.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1.0 and the AMS fonts, developed by the American Mathematical Society.     

Numerical investigation of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability driven by cylindrical shocks

In this paper, a numerical method with high order accuracy and high resolution was developed to simulate the Richtmyer-Meshkov(RM) instability driven by cylindrical shock waves. Compressible Euler equations in cylindrical coordinate were adopted for the cylindrical geometry and a third order accurate group control scheme was adopted to discretize the equations. Moreover, an adaptive grid technique was developed to refine the grid near the moving interface to improve the resolution of numerical solutions. The results of simulation exhibited the evolution process of RM instability, and the effect of Atwood number was studied. The larger the absolute value of Atwood number, the larger the perturbation amplitude. The nonlinear effect manifests more evidently in cylindrical geometry. The shock reflected from the pole center accelerates the interface for the second time, considerably complicating the interface evolution process, and such phenomena of reshock and secondary shock were studied. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10176033, 10135010 and 90205025). The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

单模态Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性数值模拟

采用VOF(Volume of Fluid)方法和PPM(Piecewise Parabolic Method)方法,发展了可用于可压缩多介质粘性流体动力学问题的数值模拟方法MVPPM(Multi-Viscous-Fluid Piecewise Parabolic Method)。利用MVPPM对多个具有不同初始扰动振幅的二维和三维单模态RM(Richtmyer-Meshkov)不稳定性模型进行了数值计算,并与理论模型的计算结果进行了比较。结果表明,无论二维还是三维情况,当初始扰动振幅相对于波长较小的时候,计算的扰动振幅和增长率与理论模型的计算结果一致。当初始扰动波长不变而振幅逐渐增大时,界面振幅和增长率也逐渐增大。对于具有相同初始扰动的情况,三维计算结果在线性段与二维计算结果相同,但是在非线性段比二维结果大,说明非线性和三维效应在RM不稳定性发展过程中起着重要作用。