A≈80区奇–奇核80,82Rb的晕带能谱计算

在A≈80区奇-奇核旋称反转问题上已提出几种机制,但没有一种理论推断是结论性的.在本工作中将角动量投影壳模型应用到^80,82Rb核,对组态为πg_9/2⊙νg_9/2的正宇称晕带和组态为π(p_1/2,p_3/2,f_5/2)⊙νg_9/2 的负宇称晕带理论计算和实验结果进行了比较,特别是对正宇称晕带中的signature反转机制进行了探讨.角动量投影壳模型计算显示正宇称晕带中的signature反转是原子核随自旋增加形状发生变化的信号,其间原子核从低自旋的长椭球变到高自旋的扁椭球.此外,还确定了此两带的原子核形状     

奇奇核170Ta高自旋态及旋称反转研究

用97MeV的¹⁹F束通过¹⁵⁵Gd(¹⁹F,4n)¹⁷⁰Ta反应布居了奇奇核¹⁷⁰Ta的高自旋态,将¹⁷⁰Ta的3个转动带推向了更高的自旋态,并观测到了半退耦带的旋称反转点,将其自旋值定在了19.5h.首次比较系统地总结了稀土区半退耦带的旋称反转系统规律,并比较了该核区半退耦带与晕带的系统性差异,特别是这两个带在能量劈裂程度上存在着系统性差异.从这一现象出发,探讨了半退耦带与晕带旋称反转系统性差异的成因,指出p-n剩余相互作用在这一现象中起着非常重要的作用.     

125Ba高自旋态的测量

通过¹⁰⁹Ag(¹⁹F,3n)核反应布局了¹²⁵Ba核的激发态.使用带BGO康普顿抑制的高纯锗探测器阵列和常规在束γ实验技术,测量了它的高自旋态.建立在h_11/2中子支壳上的负宇称带和建立在g_7/2中子支壳上的正宇称带分别被延伸到了35/2^－和23/2⁺态.负宇称带显示出明显的正负Signature劈裂,而正宇称带则几乎没有这种劈裂.负宇称正负Signature带均出现反弯,其反弯处转动频率与¹²⁴Ba晕带反弯频率相近.正宇称带出开始出现反弯迹象.     

158Tm核中的带结构及电磁跃迁性质

通过融合蒸发反应¹⁴⁴Nd(¹⁹F,5n)E=108, 112MeV对双奇核¹⁵⁸Tm的高自旋态进行了研究. 扩展了原已建立的带结构, 并建立了2条新转动带. 获得了γ射线的相对强度和耦合带的B(M1)/B(E2)比值.观测到了πh_11/2⊙νi_13/2组态带的旋称反转点. 对新建立的转动带进行了自旋-宇称以及组态的讨论.     

双奇核中π1/2－[541]⊙νi13/2带的系统学特征

通过束流能量为97MeV的¹⁵²Sm(¹⁹F,5n)¹⁶⁶Lu熔合蒸发反应,用在束γ(谱学方法研究了¹⁶⁶的高自旋态,建立了5条转动带,其中3条带是本实验中首次确定的.发现了π1/2^－[541]⊙ν5/2⁺[642]带的低自旋旋称反转现象,该带的反转点自旋值17.5h同A=170区奇奇核的π1/2^－[541]⊙νi_13/2带的反转点变化趋势非常相符.     

A～80区奇——奇核的旋称反转

为了理解奇-奇Rb核正宇称晕带旋称反转的微观起源, 作为一个例子, 用投影壳模型(PSM)计算了核⁸²Rb的能谱. 可以看出计算结果能重现主要的特征. 这个分析清楚地显示只要考虑γ形变随着自旋增加而变化, 旋称劈裂特别是旋称反转就能再现.     

稳定核84Sr的高自旋态研究

利用75MeV的¹⁸O束流,通过⁷⁰Zn(¹⁸O,4n)反应布居了⁸⁴Sr核的高自旋态,测量了激发函数,γ–γ符合及DCO比值和γ射线强度,观察到了12条新能级,近30条新γ跃迁,建立了新的能级纲图,与D.C.M.(deformod configuration-mixing shell model)理论计算结果符合得很好,发现其负宇称带有强烈的振动性.     

85Zr核的高自旋态研究

利用102MeV的28Si束流,通过60Ni(28Si,2pn)熔合蒸发反应布居了85Zr核的高自旋态,测量了γ-γ符合及DCO比值,建立了一个有43条能级,75条γ跃迁的能级纲图,新增加了36条γ跃迁,25条能级.将能级自旋推高到(49/2+),首次观察到了转晕带的第二回弯.并确认了一条建立在17/2-负宇称带上的磁转动带.     

丰中子核116,118,120Cd的高自旋态和负宇称能级研究

通过对²⁵²Cf自发裂变产生的瞬发γ射线的多重符合测量,对丰中子核^116,118,120Cd的高自旋态进行了研究.实验是利用美国罗仑兹伯克利实验室的超级γ球探测装置进行的.¹¹⁸Cd的晕带自旋扩展到18h,而^116,120Cd的晕带扩展到16h.利用推转壳模型对带结构进行了计算,对这几个核晕带很陡的回弯现象做了讨论.在每个核中观测到了5^－和7^－能级,对其特性进行了讨论.在¹¹⁸Cd中还观测到一个基于7^－能级的准转动带     

A～100区Tc同位素能级结构的研究

用投影壳模型对¹⁰¹Tc的受激正/负宇称转晕态结构进行了探讨, 为了从定量结果中抽取出物理内容也作出了正宇称转晕带的能带图. 此外, 各自起源于3/2^－[301], 5/2^－[303]和1/2⁺[431]尼尔逊态的3个带也在这个模型框架下进行了分析. 到目前为止, 在Z～42—44区关于N=52—54的中间核性质知之甚少, 为了解这些"过渡核", 以⁹⁵Tc为例, 对其能级结构也进行了研究.     

Defects and impurities in amorphous semiconductors and in liquid electrolytes

Amorphous (a-) semiconductors like a-Si:H and the chalcogenide glasses possess a general tendency to establish an overall equilibrium between the electronic system and the lattice with its dopant and defect sites. In the present paper the chemical interactions which establish these equilibria within the bulk of the a-semiconductor lattices are compared to chemical interactions in liquid electrolytes, particularly to those in H₂O. These considerations reveal close similarities between autocompensation doping in a-semiconductors and acid/base reactions in H₂O. The effects of light and field-effect induced defect formation, on the other hand, are shown to be related to the phenomenon of electrolysis in H₂O. The consideration of these analogies further emphasizes the roles of charge-carrier localization and that of H-diffusion in promoting dopant and defect equilibration reactions in a-semiconductors.     

Twin walls in anorthoclase are enriched in alkali and depleted in Ca and Al

Abstract

Composition profiles have been measured in transformation twin walls of the albite type in anorthoclase. Regions close to the walls between two twin domains are enriched in K and Na and depleted in Ca and Al. Microanalysis experiments show high mobility of alkali cations close to twin boundaries. Twin walls are generated via the displacive phase transition C2/m?C[lbar] in Al, Si disordered feldspar, and the chemical heterogeneity is a fingerprint for the subsequent diffusion of alkali and earth alkali ions during the cooling history of the sample.     

Clustering phenomena in radioactive and stable nuclei and in heavy-ion collisions

A theory for clustering formation in nuclei and in heavy-ion collisions has been worked out in terms of the quantum-mechanical fragmentation process. Treating the mass fragmentation and relative separation coordinates as weakly coupled, the spontaneous cluster-decay of radioactive nuclei has been considered as a two-step process of clustering formation and tunnelling of the confining nuclear interaction barrier. This model has also been applied to “stable” nuclei, lighter than lead. The effects of adding more and more neutrons to collidingN =Z,A = 4n nuclei are studied for theα-clustering transfer phenomenon.     

Patterns and Symmetries in the Visual Cortex and in Natural Images

As borders between different entities, lines are an important element of natural images. Indeed, the neurons of the mammalian visual cortex are tuned to respond best to lines of a given orientation. This preferred orientation varies continuously across most of the cortex, but also has vortex-like singularities known as pinwheels. In attempting to describe such patterns of orientation preference, we are led to consider underlying rotation symmetries: Oriented segments in natural images tend to be collinear; neurons are more likely to be connected if their preferred orientations are aligned to their topographic separation. These are indications of a reduced symmetry requiring joint rotations of both orientation preference and the underlying topography. This is verified by direct statistical tests in both natural images and in cortical maps. Using the statistics of natural scenes we construct filters that are best suited to extracting information from such images, and find qualitative similarities to mammalian vision. PACS84.35+i 89.70.+c 87.57.Nk     

Spin-canting and transverse relaxation in maghemite nanoparticles and in tin-doped maghemite

The magnetic properties of maghemite nanoparticles and tin-doped maghemite have been studied by ⁵⁷Fe and ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy at temperatures from 6 to 300 K with and without applied magnetic fields. The low-temperature ⁵⁷Fe spectra of both samples, obtained in a field of 4 T, can be described in terms of A-site and B-site components with perfect ferrimagnetic order and a strongly canted component, which seems to have its main contribution from B-site ions. At higher temperatures, the components with strong canting are influenced by transverse relaxation, which results in significant line broadening, a reduction of the magnetic hyperfine splitting and a reduction in the relative areas of lines 2 and 5. The ¹¹⁹Sn spectra show a very broad distribution of magnetic hyperfine fields at low temperatures. When the sample was exposed to applied magnetic fields the distribution became narrower. The spectra show that the direction of the hyperfine field of a large fraction of the tin ions in maghemite is antiparallel to the applied field, but a minor fraction of the tin ions have canted hyperfine fields.     

DNA dynamics and organization in sub-micron scale: Bacterial chromosomes and plasmids in vivo and in vitro

Decades of research have witnessed that the mechanical properties of DNA and the associated protein interactions are crucial to the structural organizations and dynamic behaviors of bacterial DNA molecules. Packaged in a restricted cellular space and respective compositions, the entropic force due to confinement is a major factor driving the basal structural formation of the bacterial chromosome and the distribution of plasmids. The dynamic responses of the DNA-protein interactions also modulate the DNA organization when the cellular functions proceed. In this review, we survey the in-vivo and in-vitro evidence and the current understandings of the cellular phenomena of DNA molecules in the sub-micron scale of the bacterial cellular environment. The physical nature and constraints of DNA in cells and the related biological factors, especially the effects induced by gene expressions, are also discussed. We anticipate that by the methodological advances in vivo and in vitro as well as their combinations, the fundamental insights of the coupling from the physical environment and DNA-protein interactions on bacterial DNA dynamics and organization may be revealed.     

Uncertainty in prediction and in inference

The concepts of uncertainty in prediction and inference are introduced and illustrated using the diffraction of light as an example. The close relationship between the concepts of uncertainty in inference and resolving power is noted. A general quantitative measure of uncertainty in inference can be obtained by means of the so-called statistical distance between probability distributions. When applied to quantum mechanics, this distance leads to a measure of the distinguishability of quantum states, which essentially is the absolute value of the matrix element between the states. The importance of this result to the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle is noted. The second part of the paper provides a derivation of the statistical distance on the basis of the so-called method of support.     

Maximum-Entropy and Stability in Statistics and Thermodynamics

The object of the present paper is first to study the role of maximum-entropy principle based on Shannon's entropy in generating stable distribution in statistics and characterizing stable thermal equilibrium state in thermodynamics. The second is to show the nonuniqueness of Shannon's entropy in the study of the stable distribution in statistics and stable equilibrium state in thermodynamics.