Subalgebras of FA-presentable algebras

Automatic presentations, also called FA-presentations, were introduced to extend finite model theory to infinite structures whilst retaining the solubility of fundamental decision problems. This paper studies FA-presentable algebras. First, an example is given to show that the class of finitely generated FA-presentable algebras is not closed under forming finitely generated subalgebras, even within the class of algebras with only unary operations. In contrast, a finitely generated subalgebra of an FA-presentable algebra with a single unary operation is itself FA-presentable. Furthermore, it is proven that the class of unary FA-presentable algebras is closed under forming finitely generated subalgebras and that the membership problem for such subalgebras is decidable.     

特殊Cartan型李超代数的Borel子代数

本文研究了特征零的代数闭域上秩为4的有限维特殊Cartan型李超代数S的结构.利用正则元的划分,确定出S关于典范环面的所有正根系,从而得到了S的所有Borel子代数;对于每一个正根系,通过给出其单根系,得到了任何两个Borel子代数的连接关系;最后确定了每一个Borel子代数的极大可解性.本文所得结果可用于进一步研究Cartan型单李超代数的结构与表示.     

Natural classes of universal algebras

A natural class of universal algebras is a class which is closed under isomorphism, subalgebras, disjoint suprema, and essential extensions. In suitable varieties, natural classes form a boolean lattice, and lead to a decomposition of any universal algebra into continuous molecular, discrete, and bottomless subalgebras.Dedicated to Professor John DaunsReceived March 29, 2004; accepted in final form May 20, 2004     

Coupling commutator pairs and integrable systems

According to classification of the matrix Lie algebras, a type of explicit Lie algebras are constructed which can be decomposed into a few Lie subalgebras. These subalgebras constitute several coupling commutator pairs from which some continuous multi-integrable couplings could be generated if the proper isospectral Lax pairs could be set up. Then the above Lie algebras are again decomposed into a kind of Lie algebras which are also closed under the matrix multiplication. From such the Lie algebras, some discrete multi-integrable couplings could be worked out. Finally, a few examples are given. However, the Hamiltonian structures of the (continuous and discrete) integrable couplings obtained by the above Lie algebras cannot be computed by using the trace identity or the quadratic-form identity, which is a strange and interesting problem. The phenomenon indicates that the importance of the Lie-algebra classification. The problem also needs us to try to find an efficient scheme to deal with.     

On Quasi-Chebyshevity Subsets of Unital Banach Algebras

In this paper,first,we consider closed convex and bounded subsets of infinite-dimensional unital Banach algebras and show with regard to the general conditions that these sets are not quasi-Chebyshev and pseudo-Chebyshev.Examples of those algebras are given including the algebras of continuous functions on compact sets.We also see some results in C*-algebras and Hilbert C*-modules.Next,by considering some conditions,we study Chebyshev of subalgebras in C*-algebras.     

Maximal subalgebras of Jordan superalgebras

The maximal subalgebras of the finite-dimensional simple special Jordan superalgebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 are studied. This is a continuation of a previous paper by the same authors about maximal subalgebras of simple associative superalgebras, which is instrumental here.     

A Filtration of Wick Algebra and Its Application to Quantum SDEs

A family of closed snbalgebras, indexed by R(the set of real numbers), of the Wick algebra is constructed. Fundamental properties of tile family are shown including the increasing property and the right-continuity. The notion of adaptedness to the family is defined for quantum stochastic processes in terms of generalized operators. The existence and uniqueness of solutions adapted to the family is established for quantum stochastic differential equations in terms of generalized operators.     

Noncommutative Approximation: Inverse-Closed Subalgebras and Off-Diagonal Decay of Matrices

We investigate two systematic constructions of inverse-closed subalgebras of a given Banach algebra or operator algebra $\ensuremath {\mathcal {A}}We investigate two systematic constructions of inverse-closed subalgebras of a given Banach algebra or operator algebra A\ensuremath {\mathcal {A}}, both of which are inspired by classical principles of approximation theory. The first construction requires a closed derivation or a commutative automorphism group on A\ensuremath {\mathcal {A}} and yields a family of smooth inverse-closed subalgebras of A\ensuremath {\mathcal {A}} that resemble the usual H?lder–Zygmund spaces. The second construction starts with a graded sequence of subspaces of A\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}} and yields a class of inverse-closed subalgebras that resemble the classical approximation spaces. We prove a theorem of Jackson–Bernstein type to show that in certain cases both constructions are equivalent.     

Hamilton李超代数的Borel子代数

设H(n)(n≥5)为复数域上秩为n的有限维Hamilton单李超代数.通过对正则元的分类,得到H(n)(n=5,6,7)关于典范环面的所有正根系,从而通过确定单根系得到正根系的连接关系,进而得到所有的Borel子代数及其连接关系.证明了H(n)(n≥5)的所有Borel子代数都不是极大可解的子代数.     

Generalized Priestley Quasi-Orders

We introduce generalized Priestley quasi-orders and show that subalgebras of bounded distributive meet-semilattices are dually characterized by means of generalized Priestley quasi-orders. This generalizes the well-known characterization of subalgebras of bounded distributive lattices by means of Priestley quasi-orders (Adams, Algebra Univers 3:216–228, 1973; Cignoli et al., Order 8(3):299–315, 1991; Schmid, Order 19(1):11–34, 2002). We also introduce Vietoris families and prove that homomorphic images of bounded distributive meet-semilattices are dually characterized by Vietoris families. We show that this generalizes the well-known characterization (Priestley, Proc Lond Math Soc 24(3):507–530, 1972) of homomorphic images of a bounded distributive lattice by means of closed subsets of its Priestley space. We also show how to modify the notions of generalized Priestley quasi-order and Vietoris family to obtain the dual characterizations of subalgebras and homomorphic images of bounded implicative semilattices, which generalize the well-known dual characterizations of subalgebras and homomorphic images of Heyting algebras (Esakia, Sov Math Dokl 15:147–151, 1974).     

Clones of implicit operations

There is a close connection between a variety and its clone. The clone of a variety is a multibased algebra, where the different universes are the sets of n-ary terms over this variety for every natural number n and where the operations describe the superposition of terms of different arities. All projections are added as nullary operations. Subvarieties correspond to homomorphic images of clones. Subclones can be described by reducts of varieties, isomorphic clones by equivalent varieties. Clone identities correspond to hyperidentities and varieties of clones to hypervarieties. Pseudovarieties are classes of finite algebras which are closed under taking of subalgebras, homomorphic images and finite direct products. Pseudovarieties are important in the theories of finite state automata, rational languages, finite semigroups and their connections. In a very natural way, there arises the question for the clone of a pseudovariety. In the present paper, we will describe this algebraic structure. Received April 6, 2004; accepted in final form March 28, 2005.     

Finite turns and the regular closure of linear context-free languages

Turn bounded pushdown automata with different conditions for beginning a new turn are investigated. Their relationships with closures of the linear context-free languages under regular operations are studied. For example, automata with an unbounded number of turns that have to empty their pushdown store up to the initial symbol in order to start a new turn are characterized by the regular closure of the linear languages. Automata that additionally have to re-enter the initial state are (almost) characterized by the Kleene star closure of the linear languages. For both a bounded and an unbounded number of turns, requiring to empty the pushdown store is a strictly stronger condition than requiring to re-enter the initial state. Several new language families are obtained which form a double-stranded hierarchy. Closure properties of these families under AFL operations are derived. The regular closure of the linear languages share the strong closure properties of the context-free languages, i.e., the family is a full AFL. Interestingly, three natural new language families are not closed under intersection with regular languages and inverse homomorphism. Finally, an algorithm is presented parsing languages from the new families in quadratic time.     

On taking subalgebras of relativized relation algebras

We show that the class of all relativized (in the usual sense) relation algebras is not closed under taking subalgebras. Moreover, we show that there is a complete and atomic subalgebra which is not in the original class (relation composition is not completely additive in it). These results are in contrast with results in Maddux [82] and in Henkin-Resek [75].Presented by Jan Mycielski.Research supported by Hungarian National Foundation for Scientific Research grant No. 1810.     

Categorical Skew Lattices

Categorical skew lattices are a variety of skew lattices on which the natural partial order is especially well behaved. While most skew lattices of interest are categorical, not all are. They are characterized by a countable family of forbidden subalgebras. We also consider the subclass of strictly categorical skew lattices.     

Dominions of universal algebras and projective properties

Let A be a universal algebra and H its subalgebra. The dominion of H in A (in a class {ie304-01}) is the set of all elements a ∈ A such that every pair of homomorphisms f, g: A → ∈ {ie304-02} satisfies the following: if f and g coincide on H, then f(a) = g(a). A dominion is a closure operator on a set of subalgebras of a given algebra. The present account treats of closed subalgebras, i.e., those subalgebras H whose dominions coincide with H. We introduce projective properties of quasivarieties which are similar to the projective Beth properties dealt with in nonclassical logics, and provide a characterization of closed algebras in the language of the new properties. It is also proved that in every quasivariety of torsion-free nilpotent groups of class at most 2, a divisible Abelian subgroup H is closed in each group 〈H, a〉 generated by one element modulo H. Translated from Algebra i Logika, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 541–557, September–October, 2008.     

Rings that are sums of two locally nilpotent subrings

A family of simple examples of algebras which are sums of two locally nilpotent subalgebras and are not nil, and which have the min-imal possible Gelfand-Kirillov dimension, is given. Semigroup algebras of subsemigroups of the semigroup of all partial translations on the real line are used in the construction.