低功率微波热雾化器与同轴气动雾化器作为电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法进样装置的比较

对用低功率微波热雾化器(MWTN)和同轴气动雾化器(PN)作为电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)进样装置时，仪器的操作条件(样品提升速率(Q1)、载气流速(Fc))进行了选择和比较。在选定的条件下，比较了两种雾化器的分析性能。发现HCI的浓度对两种雾化器的影响不同，对于MWTN，Cr、Cd、Co、Mn和Ls，谱线的发射强度随HCl浓度的增加而略有增加；而对于PN，谱线的发射强度随HCl浓度的增加而略有降低；MWTN对于上述5种元素的检出限均优于PN，而精密度则不如后者。     

单柱离子色谱法同时分离分析9种多价金属阳离子的研究

近年来 ,对生物样品中的重金属和过渡金属离子的分析已引起人们的关注 .目前 ,对这些离子的分析方法主要有分光光度法 [1] 、原子吸收法 (AAS) [2 ] 、原子发射法 (AES) [3 ] 和高频电感偶合等离子体发射光谱 -质谱 (ICP- MS) [4 ] 等 .这些方法或操作步骤冗长费时 ,需要多种化     

一种新型的ICP-AES用低功率微波热雾化系统

热雾化法自问世以来 [1 ,2 ] ,就以其较高的雾化效率及传输效率受到学者们的普遍重视 .最近 Bordera等[3] 提出了一种新的热雾化系统 (该系统采用聚焦微波炉作热雾化系统中液体样品的热源 ,即微波热雾化系统 ,简称 MWTN) ,同时还考察了实验变量对雾滴粒径分布的影响 ,并预期 MWTN具有较高的雾化效率 .本文所提出的热雾化系统与 Bordera等所建立的 MWTN系统在原理上虽然相同 ,但由于采用了新的微波器件 ,所需功率大大降低 ,因此 ,是一种新的低功率 MWTN系统 .在本实验中 ,我们对酸的浓度、载气流量、样品提升量等参数对 Mg的发射强度…     

用于等离子体质谱的低成本可拆卸式直接注入高效雾化器

自制了一种用于等离子体质谱的可拆卸式的直接注入高效雾化器,它由雾化器体、拉尖毛细管(外径0.37 mm,内径0.25 mm,尖端的内外径分别为30和40μm)、空心不锈钢管(内外径分别为0.5和2.0 mm)和雾化器适配器用环氧树脂胶组装而成,拉尖毛细管由商品石英毛细管采用火焰加热两步拉制法制作。将雾化器浸入沸水中,软化环氧树脂胶,从而实现雾化器各组件的拆卸分离及破损或堵塞的进样毛细管的更换。自制雾化器在雾化气流量为0.27 L/min,样品提升量在50μL/min,发射功率为1500 W达到最佳灵敏度。自制的直接注入高效雾化器的灵敏度、检出限和精密度优于MicroMist雾化器,但后者的多原子离子水平低于前者。自制的直接注入高效雾化器结合微流动注射已用于微量血清中铂的分析,也用作芯片电泳和等离子体质谱的串联接口实现了碘的形态分析。自制的直接注入高效雾化器的制作成本约为商品雾化器的1%,且损坏或堵塞的进样毛细管更换十分方便。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱的微量进样系统分析性能评价及其应用

用2种微量雾化器组装成微量进样系统与常规气动雾化方式的ICP－MS的分析性能作了详细比较。FM02雾化器在22μL/min低提升率下，20μg/L的Be、Co、In和Bi进行10次平行测定的RSD分别为7．6％、3．0％、2．7％和1．8％；检出限分别为0．14、0．10、002和0．01μg/L;^115In的信号强度达到常规气动雾化器1．3mL/min提升速率下的60％，显示了良好的分析性能。对20μL Wistar鼠的羊水样品中La、Ce、Pr和Nd4种元素的测定结果与常规进样系统的结果完全吻合。     

环境样品中生物可利用态镉的反相离子对-HPLC-荧光检测

镉是一种有毒的重金属元素 ,是生态环境中最常见和最主要的污染元素之一 [1] .目前 ,用于镉的测定方法主要有原子吸收法 [2 ]、ICP- MS法 [3]和荧光分光光度法 [4 ] ,但这些方法由于灵敏度或者选择性的限制以及来自基体的严重干扰等问题 ,常常在实际样品测定中遇到困难 .高效液相色谱及其联用技术的发展使复杂样品中痕量元素的测定得以实现 [5～ 7] .本文将长链的阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 ( HTMAB)作为离子对试剂 ,8-羟基喹啉 - 5 -磺酸 ( HQS)作为在线配位及荧光衍生试剂 ,建立了镉的离子对色谱检测方法 ,并应用于土壤…     

在线化学蒸气发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定废催化剂中的微量铑

使用电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)研究了贵金属铑和NaBH4在酸性水溶液中的化学蒸气发生反应的条件,并测定了有机合成催化剂中的铑。研究结果表明:在NaBH4和样品溶液流速为2mL/min、废液排放流速为6mL/min的条件下的最佳蒸气发生条件为:载气流速0.4L/min、HNO3浓度为1.0mol/L、NaBH4浓度为1.2%(m/V)。研究中获得的铑化学蒸气进样效率是常规的气动雾化进样效率的2.7倍;检出限是6.9μg/L,略优于气动雾化法;线性范围20～1500μg/L;线性相关系数是0.9986;RSD是1.6%。样品分析加标回收率分别是94%和97%。用本法测得的样品值与原子吸收法的测得值吻合很好。     

硒试剂光度法直接测定锑产品中硒

锑锭、氧化锑、硫化锑 (简称锑产品 )是我国大宗出口产品之一。锑产品中微量硒的测定 ,通常采用砷作载体、苯浮选分离、硒试剂光度法测定 [1,2 ] ,该方法操作繁杂 ,砷和苯毒性大 ,环境污染严重。如采用极谱法、ICP- AES法、冷原子吸收法测定 ,则由于存在大量锑基体干扰 ,也不宜直接测定。作者对锑产品中硒的测定方法的样品前处理进行研究 ,利用硒在750～ 80 0°C焙烧时定量升华并被碳酸钠 -氧化镁捕集的原理[3,4 ] ,直接消除锑等基体干扰 ,经用盐酸将Se( )转化为 Se( )后 ,直接显色测定。方法操作简单 ,环境污染少 ,经样品验证 ,测定结…     

雾相反应蒸气发生原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶样品中铜、银和锌

将自制的双通道雾化器组装于蒸气发生-原子吸收光谱仪的系统中,应用此双通道雾化器,使处于蒸气状态的反应物的反应效率得到提高,而在传输过程中的损失得以降低.将此改进后的蒸气发生原子吸收光谱法应用于测定茶叶中铜、银及锌的含量,其检出限(S/N=3)依次为3.6,1.6及0.18μg·L-1.以3个茶叶样品为基体对铜、银及锌的回收进行了试验,所得回收率在93%～105%之间.     

玻璃容器对水中铝测定的影响

铝的过量摄入是老年人患痴呆症的危险因素[1]之一.在饮用水、矿泉水、涉水管材中,铝含量是必检指标,其检测方法有铬天青S分光光度法、铝试剂分光光度法[2]、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法[3]等,分析结果的准确性受样品采集(容器选择、样品运输保存),样品分析(标准溶液、仪器稳定性、实验室质量控制)及数据处理的影响.一般的玻璃容器在贮存水样时会溶出钠、钙、镁、硅、硼等元素,有的化学玻璃Al2O3含量达2.2%～2.4%[4].     

Evaluation of Improved Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Miniature Simultaneous Microwave Plasma Torch Spectrometer

Introduction Forthelaboratoriesthatrequirerapidresultsor havehighsamplethroughput,analysisspeedispara mount.Tomeetthisrequirement,thedevelopmentof atomicspectrometershasgonethroughmanystages,fromsinglechannelsequentialscanningspectrometers,multichanneldir…     

An Ultrasonic Nebulizer as the Sample Introduction Device for High Performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

A preliminary study of an ultrasonic nebulizer as the sample introduction device for the chromatographic speciation of ionic compounds containing As, Se and Cr is described. The analytical figures of merit observed during chromatographic separations with an ultrasonic nebulizer interfaced to an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) were comparable to or better than conventional pneumatic nebulization and other sample introduction techniques, in terms of organic solvent tolerance, sensitivity, detection limits and reproducibility. The limits of detection were in the ranges of 10-14 ppb for Se, 30-40 ppb for As, and 8-10 ppb for Cr.     

微波等离子体炬发射光谱法去溶系统性能的研究

用微波等离子体矩（MPT）作激发光源，等离子体的工作气体为氩气，研究了气动雾化进样去溶系统的工作参数对分析性能的影响，探讨了水冷凝与浓硫酸吸收二者协同去溶的相关性，结果表明，OH （Q1带，带头谱线为308.520nm）的发射强度即可判别样品去溶效果。     

On-Line Preconcentration and Simultaneous Determination of Cu and Mn in Water Samples Using a Minicolumn Packed with Sisal Fiber by MIP OES

An on-line preconcentration system for the simultaneous determination of Copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in water samples was developed and coupled to a microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometer (MIP OES). The flow injection system was designed with a minicolumn packed with sisal fiber (Agave sisalana). A multivariate experimental design was performed to evaluate the influence of pH, preconcentration time, and eluent concentration. Optimal conditions for sample preparation were pH 5.5, preconcentration time was 90 s, and HCl 0.5 mol L⁻¹ was the eluent. The main figures of merit were detection limits 3.7 and 9.0 µg L⁻¹ for Cu and Mn, respectively. Precision was expressed as a relative standard deviation better than 10%. Accuracy was evaluated via spiked recovery assays with recoveries between 75–125%. The enrichment factor was 30 for both analytes. These results were adequate for water samples analysis for monitoring purposes. The preconcentration system was coupled and synchronized with the MIP OES nebulizer to allow simultaneous determination of Cu and Mn as a novel sample introduction strategy. The sampling rate was 20 samples/h. Sisal fiber resulted an economical biosorbent for trace element preconcentration without extra derivatization steps and with an awfully time of use without replacement complying with the principles of green analytical methods.     

Three-phase plasma arc atomic-emission spectrometric analysis of environmental samples using an ultrasonic nebulizer

Combination of an ultrasonic nebulizer and plasma excitation sources for spectrochemical analysis offers desirable features of low detection limits, high sample throughput, wide dynamic range of operation, acceptable precision and accuracy, and simultaneous quantitative analytical capabilities. Moreover, the ultrasonic nebulizer does not require sample preconcentration. Recently we have developed a three-phase plasma arc (TPPA) for atomic emission spectrochemical analysis. In the present work, to increase the analytical utility of the three-phase plasma system, an ultrasonic nebulizer was used for sample introduction. The effects of the argon gas flow rate, current, excitation temperature have been studied. The analytical calibration curves are obtained for Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg and Mn, and detection limits have been calculated. The present technique is used to determine the concentration of the elements Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg and Mn in airborne samples.     

热喷雾作为电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱的进样技术

设计并建立了热喷雾器及其去溶装置。用热喷雾作为电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱的进样技术，并对其性能作了系统研究。与气动雾化器比较，对２３个元素检出限的改善为５￣２０倍。     

Optimization of the operating conditions using factorial designs for determination of uranium by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

A critical evaluation of the determination of uranium by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was performed using factorial designs (2³) involving the factors: acid concentration, radio frequency power and nebulizer gas flow rate. All of the experiments in this study were made for five emission lines, in the presence of nitric and hydrochloric acid. The results demonstrated that, between nitric and hydrochloric acid, the determinations in the presence of nitric acid were most sensitive. The factorial design showed that the nebulizer gas flow rate was the most significant among the factors studied for the five emission lines. Calcium in concentrations of 10 mg L⁻¹ was observed to cause suppression of the emission intensity for some lines. Iron (at least up to 10 mg L⁻¹) did not interfere in the emission intensity of uranium across the five lines studied. Another experiment evaluated simultaneously the effect of 13 other elements, and the results demonstrated that these elements did not affect the emission intensity of uranium for the lines chosen. The optimized method, using the line at 385.957 nm, allows the determination of uranium with limit of quantification of 31 μg L⁻¹ and precision expressed as RSD lower than 2.2% for uranium concentrations of either 500 or 1000 μg L⁻¹. The accuracy was confirmed by analysis of two laboratory reference materials. The developed method was applied to the determination of uranium in an industrial effluent collected from uranium-producing mine in Caetite City, Brazil. The sample was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ICP-MS, and the observed recovery was satisfactory.     

Use of the Hildebrand grid nebulizer for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric analysis of foodware leach solutions and rodent soft tissues and femurs.

The Hildebrand grid nebulizer (HGN) was used for the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric determination of major, minor and trace elements in perchloric acid digests of rodent femurs, sulphuric acid digests of rodent soft tissues and in solutions leached from foodware using acetic acid. The HGN performed well when the signal-to-background ratio was optimized for each acid solution by adjusting the injector gas flow, solution uptake rate and observation height. Three problems were overcome while using the HGN: (i) nebulizer wash-out time was reduced by rinsing at high uptake rate with the solution to be analysed; (ii) clogging of the injector tip of the torch during femur analysis was minimized by extensive rinsing; and (iii) errors due to the suppression of the Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn signal intensities by matrix elements Ca and P in femur digests were eliminated by calibrating the spectrometer with matched matrix standard solutions. Overall, the precision of analysis for the leach and tissue solutions analysed in this study ranged from 0.5 to 2.9% relative standard deviation.