On fiber optic probe hydrophone measurements in a cavitating liquid

The measurement of high-pressure signals is often hampered by cavitation activity. The usage of a fiber optic probe hydrophone possesses advantages over other hydrophones, yet when measuring in a cavitating liquid large variations in the signal amplitude are found; in particular when the pressure signal recovers back to positive values. With shadowgraphy the wave propagation and cavity dynamics are imaged and the important contributions of secondary shock waves emitted from collapsing cavitation bubbles are revealed. Interestingly, just adding a small amount of acidic acid reduces the cavitation activity to a large extent. With this treatment an altered primary pressure profile which does not force the cavitation bubbles close to fiber tip into collapse has been found. Thereby, the shot-to-shot variations are greatly reduced.     

基于δ声波场的生物组织光学断层成像研究

利用δ声波场和近红外光漫射理论实现生物组织的断层成像是一种新颖医学 成像方法. 通过构建一个δ声波场并作用到生物组织中，仅改变组织内作用点上的光学特性参数，并影响近红外光在组织中的传播特性而改变组织表面的光强分布. 利用组织表面光强改变量与作用点上组织光学参数改变量之间的内在关系，可以通过对δ声波场作用点上断层的扫描实现组织内部的断层成像. 该方法具有广泛的临床医学应用前景，为乳腺癌的早期检测提供一种有效方法. 关键词： 光学断层成像 δ声波场 漫射方程 生物组织     

Speed of sound in an optical lattice

A system of equal mixture of ⁶Li atomic Fermi gas of two hyperfine states loaded into a cubic three‐dimensional optical lattice is studied assuming a negative scattering length (BCS side of the Feshbach resonance). When the interaction is attractive, fermionic atoms can pair and form a superfluid. The dispersion of the phonon‐like mode and the speed of sound in the long‐wavelength limit are obtained by solving the Bethe‐Salpeter equations for the collective modes of the attractive Hubbard Hamiltonian.     

水听器线列阵近场声压测量误差实验研究

本文介绍了用于近场声压的测量水听器中阵元水听器测量声压的可靠性检验方法和实验结果,提出了元水听器测量球面波场中声传播衰减的曲线与现想球面波声场中场传播衰减的曲线对比的检验,要用球面声源声中心测量值对收发距离进行修正的方法,实验水池中对线列阵上十元水吸器在球形声源水池中进行了传播衰减曲线的测量分析,验证了基阵的弱散散射性能,表明线阵可用于距离小至1／7波长的极近场的扫描测量。     

Development of an optical fiber hydrophone with fiber Bragg grating

A new type of optical fiber hydrophone is constructed with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based on the intensity modulation of laser light in an FBG under the influence of sound pressure. The FBG hydrophone shows linearity, with dynamic range about 70 dB. It can measure amplitude and phase of an acoustic field in real time, and operates in a wide range of acoustic frequency, at least from 1 kHz to 3 MHz. No signal distortion is observed in the detected signal. Because of the simplicity in its operating principle and geometry, an FBG hydrophone is expected to be an acoustic sensor of high practicality compared to a conventional optical fiber hydrophone.     

Measurement of an individual silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura sound pressure level in a field recording

Simultaneous audio and video were recorded of a silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura producing its characteristic drumming sound in the field. The background noise contribution to the total sound pressure level is estimated using sounds that occurred between the pulses of the silver perch sound. This background contribution is subtracted from the total sound to give an estimate of the sound pressure level of the individual fish. A silver perch source level in the range 128-135 dB (re: 1 microPa) is obtained using an estimate of the distance between the fish and the hydrophone. The maximum distance at which an individual silver perch could be detected depends on the background sound level as well as the propagation losses. Under the conditions recorded in this study, the maximum detection distance would be 1-7 m from the hydrophone.     

利用Z扫描技术确定非局域非线性介质的非线性折射率

采用高斯分解法,分析并讨论了非局域非线性介质的Z扫描特性.基于介质的非线性响应函数为高斯型,给出了用于确定非局域非线性介质的非线性折射率系数的透过率表达式,分析了非局域非线性介质的非局域程度对透过率曲线的影响,得到了计算非局域非线性介质的非线性折射率系数以及非局域程度的方法,讨论了由于非局域性条件所带来的对实验上的一些参数的调整,提出了测量介质非局域程度的可行的实验方法并说明了其他注意事项.同时还数值模拟了在介质的响应函数为双曲正割型情况下通过薄样品的远场Z扫描曲线,并与高斯响应情况下的结果进行了比较.     

Measurement of optical constants for dense media by low-coherence dynamic light scattering

We perform the optical constants measurements for different absorption dense media by low-coherence dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. The estimated particle size is used to calculate the scattering coefficient of particles suspended in dense media. The path-length resolved intensity distributions of light backscattered from the absorbing dense media are investigated experimentally by virtue of path-length resolved performance in low-coherence DLS measurements. The absorption coefficient can be obtained by applying the measured path-length resolved intensity distributions to the modified Lambert-Beer law. As a result, we proposed a new low-coherence DLS technique in simultaneous measurement of the scattering and absorption coefficients of absorbing dense media.     

Measurement of sound insulation of acoustic louvres by an impulse method

This paper presents results of a study of the sound attenuation of acoustic louvres. At the core of the study is an alternative method of measuring sound insulation, impulse response analysis, which circumvents the limitations imposed by standard and proposed standard methods. Using the impulse method, the sound transmission coefficient is measured at different angles of incidence and the angular dependency of transmission loss obtained. In the low frequency range, the transmission is governed by a mass layer effect. The value of transmission loss is independent of angle of incidence. For the mid and high frequencies, diffraction, interference and absorption determine louvre performance and an angular dependency is observed. The transmission at the angle of incidence, corresponding to a line-of-sight through the louvre blades, is the dominant contribution to the angle average value and a single measurement at the pitch of the louvre approximates the overall transmission loss. For the case considered, the geometry of the blades has little influence on the transmission at low frequencies and the mass of the blades has little influence at higher frequencies. In a companion paper, the impulse data are used to predict the insertion loss provided by the louvre when installed in a plant room.     

Measurement of silver vapor density by an optical method

The density of silver saturated vapor has been measured in the temperature range 710 °C–820 °C. The density values were obtained by measuring the absorption coefficient of the resonance lineλ=3 383 Å by magnetic scanning. The experimental density points have been fitted with the equation lgN=A?B/T? lgT and the best values ofA andB were found to beA=24.2525,B=10416.2.     

Laser amplification in an optical fiber by evanescent field coupling

A laser signal propagating in an optical fiber is amplified by the evanescent field interacting with the excited Rhodamine 6 G solution surrounding the fiber. A small signal gain of 430 at 600 nm has been measured in a long fiber with a 2 cm long fiber optic amplifier.     

利用Z扫描技术确定非局域非线性介质的非线性折射率

采用高斯分解法，分析并讨论了非局域非线性介质的Z扫描特性.基于介质的非线性响应函数为高斯型，给出了用于确定非局域非线性介质的非线性折射率系数的透过率表达式，分析了非局域非线性介质的非局域程度对透过率曲线的影响,得到了计算非局域非线性介质的非线性折射率系数以及非局域程度的方法，讨论了由于非局域性条件所带来的对实验上的一些参数的调整，提出了测量介质非局域程度的可行的实验方法并说明了其他注意事项.同时还数值模拟了在介质的响应函数为双曲正割型情况下通过薄样品的远场Z扫描曲线，并与高斯响应情况下的结果进行了比较. 关键词： 非局域程度 薄介质 远场条件 Z扫描曲线')" href="#">Z扫描曲线     

Suppression of the sound field produced behind an aperture in a screen by an extraneous source

The three-dimensional problem of the active suppression of sound behind an aperture in a perfectly rigid screen is formulated and solved.     

声场中负声强探讨

本文在分析声场声能量分布的基础上,应用声线的概念,由此对声场中的负声强作出了几何解释。并根据有功声强的有旋性质,揭示了声场中产生负声强的机理。产生负声强的振源为有功声强的有旋分量。     

声场分布中的负向声强

本文讨论了相距很近的两个点声源的声强分布,发现位于声源之上的平面法向声强在某些区域为负向声强。对纸盆扬声器声场的实测结果也显示出与理论计算相符的负向声强。本文的理论计算及实际测量结果对负向声强的传统解释增加了新的内容。     

非均匀流体介质内部散射声场重建的逐层计算方法*

入射声波激励下非均匀流体介质内部散射声场的重建方法对超声层析成像具有重要意义。以往采用矩量法求解,但该方法全域离散形成的复数满秩矩阵规模随着分辨率与计算精度的提高而急剧增大,对算力具有很高的要求,一定程度上限制了其在实际中的应用。为克服上述缺陷,本文以逐层离散、逐层计算为核心思想,以声散射基本公式与近场声全息理论为基础,推导出逐层计算非均匀流体介质内部散射声场的理论公式并给出对应的几何离散模型。为验证该方法的可行性,以矩量法为参照,对同样的介质模型进行介质内部声场重构仿真。结果表明,逐层算法不仅可以有效地重建非均匀流体介质内部散射声场,且大幅度减小了求解规模。     

Antenna array in the sound field of an arctic waveguide

An antenna array placed in an arctic-type acoustic waveguide is considered. The guided sound field consists of a signal generated by a point source and an isotropic interfering noise produced by the ice cover. The array is operated in a specific regime: the output signals correspond to individual modes of the sound field. The signal received by the array is subjected to correlation processing with a finite averaging time. It is shown that, depending on the processing method, the signal-to-noise ratio can reach 40–60 dB for a realization duration of 1 min, and the quality of the signal detection is increased.     

光隔离器法抑制Michelson干涉型光纤水听器中的SBS

光纤水听器是利用光的干涉信号进行探测的,但随着入射光功率的增加,易发生受激布里渊散射（stimulated Brillouin scattering,SBS）效应,并因而产生噪声,限制入射光功率的增加,极大地影响探测信号。为了抑制SBS效应,提高光纤水听器性能,以Michelson型光纤水听器为例,从实验和理论上研究了SBS及其阈值特性。根据阈值公式分析了提高阈值的方法,着重讨论了光隔离器法对SBS的抑制。最后利用时域有限差分方法对光纤内的入射光、Stokes光和声波的时空分布进行了分析。只要给出初始条件及光纤参数即可得出光纤内各波的时空分布。通过开展抑制此效应的研究,不仅为可调谐相干光的产生提供一个新途径,而且可作为一种有效手段来研究各种光纤系统中的散射特性。     

Sagnac效应在光纤水听器中的应用

本文介绍了由Sagnac效应组成的光纤水听器原理，着重推导了声压作用下的光纤水听器的相位变化关系．并在此基础上对比了Sagnac光纤水听器与Mach-Zehnder光纤水听器，结果表明Sagnac光纤水听器在低频段的灵敏度及其实现的简易性上具有很大优势．