Application of High Current and Current Zero Simulations of High‐Voltage Circuit Breakers

This paper reports on the use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to predict the interruption behaviour of high‐voltage circuit breakers (HV‐CB) using the self‐blast principle. Two different levels of accuracy of the arc model are proven to be sufficiently accurate for simulating the high‐current phase and the period around current zero (CZ). For the high‐current phase, a simplified equivalent model of the arc is implemented to predict the pressure build‐up, and even more important to accurately trace the hot gas from the arcing zone into the exhausts and the heating volume. A detailed analysis of the gas mixing in the heating volume for different arcing times and current amplitudes showed the optimum geometrical design of the heating volume. For the CZ phase, a more detailed arc model is needed including the effects of ohmic heating, radiative energy transfer, and turbulent cooling fully resolved in space and time. The validation with experiments was done and shows good agreement which justifies the use of the implemented model. With it, scaling laws varying only one parameter at a time (pressure and applied current slope) were derived and confirm previously found empirical laws. This is of particular interest, as it is very difficult to derive such scaling laws from experiments where the scatter is always very large and where it is impossible to vary only one parameter at a time. The influence of the most important geometrical parameters of the nozzle on the interruption performance is shown. In addition to previous experimental indications of this, the simulation reveals that turbulent cooling on the arc edge is the main reason for the difference in interruption performance. Moreover, the exact spatio‐temporal build‐up of arc resistance and with it the detailed understanding of the arc interruption process is possible and shown here for the first time. These simulations enable us to predict HV‐CB performance and to minimise the number of development tests and are routinely used in new development projects. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

51V GaN基高压LED的热分析

设计并制备了51 V高压LED。对器件进行了大电流冲击试验并对器件的损毁原因进行了分析。运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对LED关键结构部位进行参数化建模及热分布模拟,得到其稳态的温度场分布;然后经过与红外热像仪成像图对比,得出电极烧毁的原因在于芯粒连接处的电极过薄过窄而导致的电阻过大,为后续设计更可靠的高压LED提供了参考。对芯片分别进行蓝光及色温5 000 K的白光封装,并分别测量了热阻,涂覆荧光粉的白光灯珠的热阻要比没有涂覆荧光粉的蓝光灯珠高约4℃/W。同时,51 V高压LED的热阻比1 W大功率LED要高,说明高压LED的散热性能比常规LED要差,这可能与高压LED具有深沟槽及众多的互联电极结构有关。     

51 V GaN基高压LED的热分析

设计并制备了51 V高压LED。对器件进行了大电流冲击试验并对器件的损毁原因进行了分析。运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对LED关键结构部位进行参数化建模及热分布模拟,得到其稳态的温度场分布;然后经过与红外热像仪成像图对比,得出电极烧毁的原因在于芯粒连接处的电极过薄过窄而导致的电阻过大,为后续设计更可靠的高压LED提供了参考。对芯片分别进行蓝光及色温5 000 K的白光封装,并分别测量了热阻,涂覆荧光粉的白光灯珠的热阻要比没有涂覆荧光粉的蓝光灯珠高约4℃/W。同时,51 V高压LED的热阻比1 W大功率LED要高,说明高压LED的散热性能比常规LED要差,这可能与高压LED具有深沟槽及众多的互联电极结构有关。     

Quantum Fluctuations of the Current and Voltage in Thermal Vacuum State for Mesoscopic Quartz Piezoelectric Crystal

The mesoscopic quartz piezoelectric crystal equivalent circuit is quantized by the method of damped harmonic oscillator quantization. It is shown that, when each branch is in the thermal vacuum states, the quantum fluctuations of the voltage, and current of each loop relate with not only the equivalent circuit inherent parameter, but also the temperature and decay according to exponent along with time.     

High temperature property studies of the 6H-SiC MOS capacitor

N-type and p-type 6H-SiC metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitor samples are fabricated with a typical method,and the high frequency capacitor voltage (C-V) curves of these samples are measured at temperatures ranging from 293 to 533 K.There exists huge difference between the n-type and p-type samples.Flat-band voltage shift of the n-type sample becomes larger with temperature rising,but that of the p-type sample have very little change.This may be caused by the residual Al in the p-type oxide.Both types ...     

注入电流对绿光高压LED光电特性的影响

设计并制备了12 V 的GaN基绿光高压发光二极管（LED）,并对其进行了变电流测试。研究了绿光高压LED的正向电压、峰值波长、光功率以及光效等重要参数随注入电流的变化关系,电流变化范围为3~50 mA,测试温度为25 ℃。实验结果表明：电流对绿光高压LED的光电特性有很大影响。在驱动电流为20 mA时,对应电压为14 V。随着注入电流的增大,峰值波长蓝移了2 nm。随着电流的增大,光功率近似于线性增加。在注入电流从3 mA增大到20 mA的过程中,光效降低了约61%;在注入电流从20 mA增大到50 mA的过程中,光效降低了约39%。这说明高压LED在大电流驱动时,光效降低的幅度比较缓慢。上述结果对 GaN基绿光高压 LED 的改进优化具有一定的参考价值。     

注入电流对绿光高压LED光电特性的影响

设计并制备了12 V的GaN基绿光高压发光二极管(LED),并对其进行了变电流测试。研究了绿光高压LED的正向电压、峰值波长、光功率以及光效等重要参数随注入电流的变化关系,电流变化范围为3~50mA,测试温度为25℃。实验结果表明:电流对绿光高压LED的光电特性有很大影响。在驱动电流为20 mA时,对应电压为14 V。随着注入电流的增大,峰值波长蓝移了2 nm。随着电流的增大,光功率近似于线性增加。在注入电流从3 mA增大到20 mA的过程中,光效降低了约61%;在注入电流从20 mA增大到50 mA的过程中,光效降低了约39%。这说明高压LED在大电流驱动时,光效降低的幅度比较缓慢。上述结果对GaN基绿光高压LED的改进优化具有一定的参考价值。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorinated PBO With High Thermal Stability and Low Dielectric Constant

A series of novel fluorinated benzoxazole polymers (6FPBO) with high thermal stability and low dielectric constant were synthesized by copolymerization of 1,3-diamino-4, 6-dihydroxybenzene dihydrochloride (DAR), purified terephthalic acid (PTA) and various amount of 4′4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) bis(benzoic acid) (BIS-B-AF) in the medium of polyphosphoric acid (PPA). 6FPBO fibers were then obtained via dry-jet wet-spinning technique and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), broadband dielectric spectrometer, single fiber tensile testing machine, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FTIR spectrum of 6FPBO fibers indicated that the fluorine groups were incorporated into PBO molecular chains successfully. TGA curves revealed that 6FPBO fibers possessed high thermal stability, just as pure PBO fibers. Moreover, the dielectric constant spectra of 6FPBO showed that the polymers had low dielectric constant, especially in the range of high-frequency.     

微带型光导开关的电压转换效率

采用微带测试电路对光导开关电压转换效率进行了测试。依据传输线理论,考虑微带传输电路的端点反射,计算给出了光导开关导通电阻不为0的情况下,微带测试电路电压转换效率的解析结果。计算表明：对窄脉宽的线性电脉冲输出,电压转换效率将小于50%;对lock-on模式下的宽脉冲输出,电压转换效率可以超过50%,在理想情况下达到100%;在临界状态下,形成双峰电脉冲输出。结果表明,存在端点反射且光导开关产生电脉冲脉宽达到一定值时,微带线可以起到倍压传输线的作用。     

基于VPX总线的高速数字电路测试系统研究及应用

为解决战略预警雷达、舰载一体化等重点型号雷达中高速数字电路模块的维护能力,设计了基于VPX总线的高速数字电路自动测试系统,通过自研基于VPX总线的多功能测试模块、光纤测试模块,以及通用VPX背板,再结合通用的仪器设备构建测试系统,可兼顾多个型号雷达高速数字电路模块的测试。该系统可提供10路光纤通道,波特率最高为3.2Gbps;16路GPIO信号,中断响应时间＜50us;14路Rocket IO信号,传输速率2.5Gbps;4路*4Rapid IO信号,传输速率3.125Gbps。研究及实测结果表明该系统可解决基于VPX总线的高速数字电路模块的测试。     

强流离子源新型LaMo阴极实验研究

对从美国购进的强流离子源新型LaMo阴极的发射特性以及用于强流离子源阴极的放电性能进行了测试.实验结果表明了LaMo阴极是一种有效的热阴极发射体,且该阴极用于强流离子源时,离子源工作稳定,放电起弧正常,使用寿命大大延长(相对于LaB₆阴极).从实际应用来看,LaMo阴极确是强流离子源的一种有效的新型阴极.     

核电站用高精度双通道电流/电压转换装置研究设计

红外热成像是近年来发展起来的一种快速有效的无损检测技术,通过主动热激励使物体内部的异性结构以表面温场变化的差异形式表现出来,实现缺陷的定位、识别和定量测量。它是一门跨学科的技术,它的研究和应用,提高了多种军、民用工业设备的安全性可靠性。本文综述了红外热成像无损检测技术的基本概念、关键技术原理和系统组成,比对分析了光脉冲、超声、锁相、太赫兹等各种热激励方式的技术特点,介绍了国内外相应的发展状况和进展,并给出了一些典型应用案例,最后总结了该技术的发展趋势。     

高压物理研究在地球科学中的应用

高压物理是研究高压下物质状态、结构、特性及变化规律的学科，地球本身是一个巨大的高压实验室，其内部物质无不经受高压作用，应用高压物理研究的新成就来探讨地球内部物质的相变和物性，是一项重要课题，该文从地球层圈结构、地球内部物性分析入手，重点阐明高压物理与地球科学的密切联系和发展交叉学科的重大意义。     

神州十二号飞船发射中的高中物理

拓展了火箭发射中的高中物理知识点,给出了将火箭发射物理知识融入实际教学中的结合点.     

论证式教学在高中物理概念课中的应用策略

构建论证式教学模式及流程,着力搭建联系物理概念课教学与培养学生科学论证能力之间的“桥梁”,文章从营造论证氛围、显化论证语言、丰富论证资料、提升论证能力4个维度阐述在物理概念课上进行论证式教学的策略.     

RC串联电路相移测量方法的研究

利用电压法、李萨茹图形法和双轨迹法分别测量了RC串联电路的相移,并将实验值与理论值进行了比较。研究表明,在所选择的频率波段内,这三种方法测量的实验值与理论值符合的很好,具有高精度、测量装置简单、操作方便等优点。通过对以上三种测量方法的研究,能够让学生从直观上更深入地理解对RC串联电路的特性。     

Marginal Distributions of Wigner Function in a Mesoscopic L-C Circuit at Finite Temperature and Thermal Wigner Operator

Wigner function in phase space has its physical meaning as marginal probability distribution in coordinate space and momentum space respectively, here we endow the Wigner function with a new physical meaning, i.e., its marginal distributions’ statistical average for q ²/(2C) and p ²/(2L) are the energy stored in capacity and in inductance of a mesoscopic L-C circuit at finite temperature, respectively. PACS numbers: 03.65.-w, 73.21.-b     

RC串联电路特性测试实验常见问题解析

针对学生在RC串联电路稳态以及暂态特性实验操作中经常遇到的问题实验原理与仪器操作出发,进行了定性的分析,并给出了解决方法。     

High Pressure High Temperature Dynamic Rheometry of Sulfonated Polyacrylamide Solutions in Electrolyte Media as Used for Oil Recovery Applications

Sulfonated polyacrylamide (SPAA) solutions were prepared and the effects of pressure, polymer concentration, and water temperature, pH and salinity on their rheological behavior were investigated using a concentric cylinder dynamic rheometer equipped with a high pressure cell. According to the rheological flow curves the shear stress of SPAA solutions increased less than in proportion to their shear rates; that is, a shear thinning effect occurred. For polymer solutions containing 15,000 ppm of SPAA, shear viscosity, and stress were nearly insensitive to pressure. However, the shear viscosity and stress of SPAA solutions were affected by temperature and this effect was more evident at lower pressure. The flow curves indicated the shear viscosity and stress of the samples increased with increasing SPAA concentration and pH of the water, but were decreased with increasing water salinity and temperature.     

第二代高温超导长带传输临界电流表征及其对电压引线间距的依赖性

传输法(或四引线法)测量可直观、准确的体现超导材料临界电流特性.为表征第二代高温超导长带临界电流及其沿长度方向均匀性特征,本文以四引线法为基础,建立了动态传输法测量装置,并对该装置的重复稳定性进行了评估,同时,表征了第二代高温超导长带临界电流对电压引线间距的依赖关系.实验结果发现,重复性测量不确定度为0.74%(<1%),该装置具有良好重复稳定性,且测量速度达200～300 m/h,满足高温超导产业化测量需求;随着电压引线间距增加,第二代高温超导长带各测试段临界电流的最大值和最小值分别呈现逐渐减小和增加的趋势,平均值变化不大,保持稳定,其中最大值和最小值向平均值收敛;各测试段临界电流的标准偏差随电压引线间距的增加而减小,通过线性拟合得,标准偏差与电压引线间距关系为:s=3.47/L₂^0.36.传输法测量装置的建立及其关键参数电压引线间距对临界电流表征的影响研究,对推动第二代高温超导产业化进程具有重大意义.