纤锌矿CuInS2纳米晶的合成及其机理研究

采用一步溶剂热法合成纤锌矿结构CuInS2(W-CIS)纳米粉体,并对其生长形成机理进行了研究.利用XRD、FE-SEM及EDS对W-CIS纳米晶的结构和形貌以及元素组成进行分析,研究了溶剂热合成过程中的铜源、硫源、反应温度及反应时间对CuInS2纳米粉体物相及形貌的影响.结果表明:以CuCl2·2H2O或Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O、InCl3·4H2O和硫脲为原料,聚乙二醇400、乙二胺为溶剂于200℃下反应2h可以成功合成出结晶性良好的CuInS2纳米片,直径约为300 nm,厚度大约为10～20 nm.通过研究发现,乙二胺对形成纤锌矿结构CuInS2起着关键的作用,并且该粉体对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达75.04;.     

添加不同稳定剂制备的四方氧化锆晶型转变临界尺寸研究

以八水氧氯化锆(ZrOCl2·8H2O)为原料,以氨水(NH3·H2O)、氢氧化钠(NaOH)溶液为沉淀剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米级氧化锆粉体,对前驱体加入不同的稳定剂,通过吸滤、干燥、煅烧等工艺,得到以四方氧化锆晶相为主、不同粒度组成、不同四方相含量的样品.利用激光纳米粒度分析仪、X-射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段分别对粉体的粒径、物相组成进行表征,分别采用晶面公式、谢乐公式对四方相含量、晶粒尺寸进行计算.分析了室温下加入不同稳定剂制备的氧化锆纳米粉体中四方相含量和颗粒粒径之间的关系.结果表明:氧化钇稳定的氧化锆纳米粉粒度更细、粒度分布更均匀.经400~1000 ℃×2 h煅烧后,通过氧化锆纳米粉晶粒尺寸累积分布与四方相含量的关系可以得出以氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化钇为稳定剂制备的氧化锆纳米粉相变临界粒径分别为24~28 nm、26~33.6 nm、18~22.6 nm.     

CoC2O4·2H2O纳米晶形貌可控合成

通过简单调节反应介质热塑性酚醛树脂与乙二醇配比,选择性地制备了CoC2O4·2H2O纳米棒和纳米片晶体或其两种形貌晶体混合物.样品热重和差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)、X射线粉体衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜( FESEM)实验表明:以热塑性酚醛树脂为反应介质得到了COC2O4·2H2O纳米棒;以乙二醇为反应介质得到了CoC2O4·2H2O纳米片;逐渐增大乙二醇和酚醛树脂质量比,实现了CoC2O4·2H2O形貌由纳米棒形貌转变为纳米片形貌.基于不同晶体形貌和实验结果,提出了棒状和片状COC2O4·2H2O可能的形成机理模型以解释两种形貌COC2O4·2H2O纳米晶的生长行为.     

低温燃烧合成法制备纳米氧化镧

以六水硝酸镧、一水柠檬酸为原料,利用低温燃烧合成法制备了纳米La2O3粉体.利用XRD、TG-DTA和TEM等测试方法对干凝胶热分解过程及最终形成的纳米La2O3粉体进行了表征,并研究了前驱体溶液的pH值、物质的量配比、煅烧温度、煅烧时间对粉体粒径和形貌的影响.实验结果表明,在溶液的pH=2,La(NO3)3·6H2O:C6H8O7·H2O=6:7,煅烧温度在700~900 ℃,煅烧时间为1.5 h时,可获得粒径均匀的纳米La2O3粉体,且所得产物的粒径范围为50~100 nm.     

柠檬酸铵辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉体及其表征

以Gd(NO3)3·6H2O、Zr(NO3)4·6H2O为原料,无水柠檬酸(C6H8O7)为螫合剂,无水乙醇做溶剂,采用柠檬酸铵(C6H17N3O7)分散剂辅助溶胶凝胶法合成分散好的Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉体.通过TG-DSC、XRD、SEM、TEM测试方法对合成的粉体进行了表征.结果表明:添加的柠檬酸铵与无水柠檬酸的摩尔量之比为1时,其溶胶的pH值为2.8左右,所制得的Gd2Zr2O7前驱体在空气中900℃煅烧4h后得到分散均匀、团聚程度轻、结晶良好的纯相Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉体,样品为缺陷型萤石结构,平均晶粒尺寸约为33 nm.     

不同表面活性剂对La2Ce2O7纳米晶体生长活化能的影响

以La2O3和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为原材料,以SDBS和CTAB为表面活性剂,采用水热合成法制备了La2Ce2O7纳米晶体.通过XRD、Raman、SEM和TEM对粉体的物化性能进行了分析,讨论了不同表面活性剂对晶体生长活化能的影响.结果表明:添加两种表面活性剂的样品均为萤石结构,以CTAB为表面活性剂的样品晶粒尺寸为11.4 nm,比表面积为187.53 m2·g-1,其晶体生长活化能(16.33±0.02 kJ·mol-1)要大于添加阴离子表面活性剂(SDBS)的样品(13.47±0.03 kJ·mol-1).     

空气中旋涂热解快速制备高化学计量比SnS2薄膜

为快速制备高化学计量比的SnS2薄膜,介绍了一种简单的旋涂热解法,以SnCl4·5H2O和硫脲分别为Sn源和S源,在空气中及热解温度分别为200℃、260℃和320℃时制备了系列SnS2薄膜,这是首次使用旋涂热解法制备SnS2薄膜的尝试.采用EDS、XRD、Raman、SEM、UV-Vis等手段研究了热解温度对SnS2薄膜元素组成、晶相、形貌、光学吸收等的影响,在热解温度为260℃且仅需热解2min条件下,获得了Sn/S原子比为1/1.98的高化学计量比SnS2薄膜,该薄膜直接禁带宽度为2.50eV,非常适合作为太阳能电池窗口层.     

钨酸锌微纳米材料的水热合成及发光性能研究

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和Na2WO4·2H2O为原料,草酸为沉淀剂,采用水热法在180℃反应4h制备了ZnWO4粉体,并考察了前驱体溶液pH值对ZnWO4发光性能的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和荧光光谱(PL)等测试手段对样品的物相、微观形貌和发光性能进行表征.结果表明:pH值为7～9时适宜合成ZnWO4粉体,pH =7、8时,得到的是星状结构ZnWO4粉体;pH =9时分别得到的是由长度为500 nm,直径为100 nm的纳米棒交叉组装而成的镂空结构ZnWO4粉体.相比之下,由纳米棒交叉组装而成的镂空片的发光性能最佳.     

花状SnS2微球锂离子电池负极材料制备及性能

以SnCl4·5H2O和L-半胱氨酸为原料,通过水热法制备了直径约为1μm的均匀花状SnS2微球.利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和氮气吸附-脱附测试(BET)对产物进行表征.电化学性能测试表明,花状SnS2微球作为锂离子电池负极材料,在1C电流密度下首次放电容量达到1379.5 mAh·g-1,30周后放电容量保持在400 mAh·g-1.     

Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O纳米线的制备及光吸收性能

以CuSO4·5H2O和 NH4VO3为原料,采用水热法制备了Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O纳米线.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对样品的组成和表面形貌进行了表征,结果显示:Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O纳米线直径约80 nm,长度达到几个微米.对纳米线形成机理研究表明:该纳米线的形成主要取决于反应温度和反应体系pH值等因素.紫外-可见光吸收测试显示Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O纳米线具有较宽的紫外-可见光吸收范围,计算其带隙宽度为1.94 eV.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.