Nonstandard parafermions and string compactification

Nonstandard parafermions are built and their central charges and dimensions are calculated. We then construct new N=2 superconformal field theories by tensoring the parafermions with a free boson. We study the spectrum and modular transformations of these theories. Superstring and heterotic strings in four dimensions are then obtained by tensoring the new superconformal field theories along with some minimal models. The generations and antigenerations are studied. We give an example of the ¹²(5,7) theory which is shown to have two net generations.     

CMB fluctuations and string compactification scales

We propose a mechanism for the generation of temperature fluctuations of cosmic microwave background. We consider a large number of fields, such as Kaluza-Klein modes and string excitations. Each field contributes to the gravitational potential by a small amount, but an observable level of temperature fluctuations is achieved by summing up the contribution of typically of order 10¹⁴ fields. Tensor fluctuations are hardly affected by these fields. Our mechanism is based on purely quantum effects of the fields which are classically at rest, and is different from the one in slow-roll inflation. Using the observed data, we find constraints on the parameters of this model, such as the size of the extra dimensions and the string scale. Our model predicts a particular pattern of non-gaussianity with a small magnitude.     

Yukawa couplings for Calabi-Yau string compactification

Recently, we have described string theories based on N = 2 superconformal theories. It was argued that all such string theories correspond to string propagation on Calabi-Yau manifolds. We compute here the Yukawa couplings for massless particles in the representation 27 of E₆ (generations), in some examples, and show that the quasi-topological result of the field-theory approximation holds exactly. This is a non-trivial quantitative agreement which further supports the geometric interpretation of these string theories, as well as giving an explicit demonstration of the quasi-topological nature of these couplings.     

Orbifold compactification of heterotic string theories

The internal degrees of freedom of twisted heterotic strings are discussed using the theory of Kac-Moody algebras.     

Spontaneous compactification in generalized Candelas-Weinberg models

In their recent work on the dimensional reduction, Candelas and Weinberg considered a model which is compactified into a direct product space of the Minkowski space (M₄) and an N-dimensional sphere (S_N). In the present paper we investigate generalized models of their type which are compactified into M₄ × S_M × S_N and M₄ × S_M × CP₂. The compactification is caused by the quantum loop effect due to a large number of matter fields. The conditions for the vacuum stability are studied. Numerical computation of the loop effect is undertaken, and it is shown that some of the models of the type M₄ × S_M × S_N admit a stable solution which has finite circumferences of both of the extra spaces and positive coupling constants of the Einstein-Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions.     

Quantized string models

We discuss and compare the Lorentz covariant path integral quantization of the three bose string models, namely, the Nambu, Eguchi and Brink-Di Vecchia-Howe-Polyakov (BDHP) ones. Along with a critical review of the subject with some uncertainties and ambiguities clearly stated, various new results are presented. We work out the form of the BDHP string ansatz for the Wilson average and prove a formal inequivalence of the exact Nambu and BDHP models for any space-time dimension d. The above three models, known to be equivalent on the classical level, are shown to be equivalent in a semiclassical approximation near a minimal surface and also in the leading $\text{1}\text{d}\text{-}\text{approximation}$ for the static $\text{q}$q-potential. We analyse scattering amplitudes predicted by the BDHP string and find that when exactly calculated for d < 26 they are different from the old dual ones, and possess a non-linear spectrum which may be considered as free from tachyons in the ground state.     

Space-time compactification induced by nonlinear sigma models,gauge fields and submersions

The nonlinear sigma model coupled to gravity in (4+K) dimensions is used to trigger the compactification of space-time. A very general class of solutions is given by submersions from the extradimensional space onto the space in which the scalar fields take values. The existence of some vertical Killing vectors on the extra space can produce massless gauge bosons.Presented at the International Conference Selected Topics in Quantum Field Theory and Mathematical Physics, Bechyn, Czechoslovakia, June 23–27, 1986.     

Glueball string models,rotational states,and regge trajectories

A glueball model that describes excited states of glueballs and other exotic hadrons and which has the form of a closed string that features pointlike masses simulating gluons is considered. Rotational states are studied for this model. Their structure proves to be nontrivial. These states are classified, and their frequency spectrum and physical properties, including the energy and angular momentum, are determined with allowance for spin corrections. The corresponding Regge trajectories characterized by a specific set of slopes are used to describe glueball states.     

Heterotic string compactification on N = 2 superconformal theories with c = 9

We study (2, 2) compactifications of the heterotic string by tensoring the discrete N = 2 superconformal series. We construct all models with c = 9 that preserve N = 1 spacetime supersymmetry and discuss some of their properties.     

Tetraquarks and pentaquarks in string models

We consider the production and decay of multiquark systems in the framework of string models where the hadron structure is determined by valence quarks together with string junctions. We show that the low mass multiquark resonances can be very narrow. PACS 25.75.Dw     

An orbifold compactification with three families from twisted sectors

We obtain a three generational SU(3)_c×SU(3)_w×U(1)⁴×[SO(12)×U(1)²]′ model from an orbifold construction with the requirement that three generations arise from twisted sectors. There exist supersymmetric vacua realizing the standard model. In one example the anomalous U(1) breaks the gauge symmetry down to SU(3)_c×SU(3)_w×U(1)_y×SO(12)′.     

Minimal standard heterotic string models

Three generation heterotic string vacua in the free fermionic formulation gave rise to models with solely the MSSM states in the observable standard model charged sector. The relation of these models to Z₂×Z₂ orbifold compactifications dictates that they produce three pairs of untwisted Higgs multiplets. The reduction to one pair relies on the analysis of supersymmetric flat directions, which give a superheavy mass to the dispensable Higgs states. We explore the removal of the extra Higgs representations by using the free fermion boundary conditions, and hence we work directly at the string level, rather than in the effective low energy field theory. We present a general mechanism that achieves this reduction by using asymmetric boundary conditions between the left- and right-moving internal fermions. We incorporate this mechanism in explicit string models containing three twisted generations and a single untwisted Higgs doublet pair. We further demonstrate that an additional effect of the asymmetric boundary conditions is to substantially reduce the supersymmetric moduli space.     

Spin content of string models

A previous analysis of the spin content of the bosonic string is extended to other string models. For the case of the spinning string, the O(D − 1) representation counting functions are expanded in terms of GL (∞|∞) supergroup characters.     

平坦宽带混沌激光的产生及同步

利用光纤环长外腔光反馈半导体激光器产生了频谱平坦的宽带混沌激光,其对应的激光频谱可有效地隐藏外腔的谐振频率,增加了系统的保密性.通过单向耦合方式,将产生的混沌激光注入到另一个参数相近的半导体激光器中,实现了平坦宽带混沌同步输出,两同步激光器输出的相关系数达到084.同时实验研究了注入强度和主从激光器的频率失谐对同步质量的影响,结果表明在强光注入锁定下,在很大频率失谐范围内均可实现同步,而且注入强度越大,主从激光器输出的相关系数越大,维持混沌同步所允许的频率失谐范围越大. 关键词： 混沌同步 单向光纤环 光反馈 半导体激光器