Weak Morrey spaces and strong solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations

We consider the Cauchy problem of Navier-Stokes equations in weak Morrey spaces. We first define a class of weak Morrey type spaces Mp*,λ(Rn) on the basis of Lorentz space Lp,∞ = Lp*(Rn)(in particular, Mp*,0(Rn) = Lp,∞, if p ＞ 1), and study some fundamental properties of them; Second,bounded linear operators on weak Morrey spaces, and establish the bilinear estimate in weak Morrey spaces. Finally, by means of Kato's method and the contraction mapping principle, we prove that the Cauchy problem of Navier-Stokes equations in weak Morrey spaces Mp*,λ(Rn) (1＜p≤n) is time-global well-posed, provided that the initial data are sufficiently small. Moreover, we also obtain the existence and uniqueness of the self-similar solution for Navier-Stokes equations in these spaces, because the weak Morrey space Mp*,n-p(Rn) can admit the singular initial data with a self-similar structure. Hence this paper generalizes Kato's results.     

On the depth of certain graded rings associated to an ideal

Let (R,m) be a local ring and Ian ideal of R. In this work we find conditions on Ithat allow us to describe simple relations among depth R(It), depth gr_I(R), depth S(I) and depth S(I/I ²). These relations are useful also from a practical point, of view since it is usually difficult to evaluate depth gr_I(R) and depth S(I/I ²) even with the help of a computer. Furthermore we study the class of ideals that satisfy one of the required conditions and we show that ideals generated by quadratic sequences are in this class     

An integral operator related to the Stokes system in exterior domains

Consider a bounded domain Ω in ?³ with C²-boundary ?Ω. In [1] the Stokes problem in the exterior domain ?³/Ω , with resolvent parameter [λ??\] ? [∞,0], is solved by using the method of integral equations. However, for estimating the corresponding solutions in L^p norms, it turns out that a certain operator defined on the spaces L^r(?Ω)³, for r ?]1, ∞[, has to be evaluated in the norm of L^r(?Ω)³. This estimate is proved in the present paper.     

Singular integrals associated to the Laplacian on the affine groupax+b

We consider singular integral operators of the form (a)Z ₁L⁻¹Z₂, (b)Z ₁Z₂L⁻¹, and (c)L ⁻¹Z₁Z₂, whereZ ₁ andZ ₂ are nonzero right-invariant vector fields, andL is theL ²-closure of a canonical Laplacian. The operators (a) are shown to be bounded onL ^p for allp∈(1, ∞) and of weak type (1, 1), whereas all of the operators in (b) and (c) are not of weak type (p, p) for anyp∈[1, ∞). Research supported by the Australian Research Council. Research carried out as a National Research Fellow.     

Morse-Sard定理在无限维时的一个反例

§ 1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＭｏｒｓｅ Ｓａｒｄｔｈｅｏｒｅｍｉｓａｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｔｈｅｏｒｅｍｉｎａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｏｆｔｒａｎｓｖｅｒｓａｌｉｔｙｔｈｅｏｒｙａｎｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｔｏｐｏｌｏｇｙ .ＴｈｅｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌＭｏｒｓｅ Ｓａｒｄｔｈｅｏｒｅｍｓｔａｔｅｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｍａｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｔｏｆｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｆａｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ｆ :Ｒｍ→ＲｌｏｆｃｌａｓｓＣｍ -ｌ+1ｈａｓｚｅｒｏＬｅｂｅｓｇｕｅｍ…     

Uniform harmonic approximation with continuous extension to the boundary

Let Ω be an open set in ℝ ⁿ andE be a relatively closed subset of Ω. Further, letC _e(E) be the collection of real-valued continuous functions onE which extend continuously to the closure ofE in ℝ ⁿ . We characterize those pairs (Ω,E) which have the following property: every function inC _e(E) which is harmonic onE ⁰ can be uniformly approximated onE by functions which are harmonic on Ω and whose restrictions toE belong toC _e(E).     

Curvature flow to the Nirenberg problem

In this note, we study the curvature flow to the Nirenberg problem on S ² with non-negative nonlinearity. This flow was introduced by Brendle and Struwe. Our result is that the Nirenberg problem has a solution provided the prescribed non-negative Gaussian curvature f has at least two positive local maxima of f, and at all positive valued saddle points q of f there holds ${\Delta_{S^2}f(q) >0 }${\Delta_{S^2}f(q) >0 }.     

From the Mahler Conjecture to Gauss Linking Integrals

We establish a version of the bottleneck conjecture, which in turn implies a partial solution to the Mahler conjecture on the product v(K)  = (Vol K)(Vol K°) of the volume of a symmetric convex body and its polar body K°. The Mahler conjecture asserts that the Mahler volume v(K) is minimized (non-uniquely) when K is an n-cube. The bottleneck conjecture (in its least general form) asserts that the volume of a certain domain is minimized when K is an ellipsoid. It implies the Mahler conjecture up to a factor of (π/4) ⁿ γ _n , where γ _n is a monotonic factor that begins at 4/π and converges to . This strengthens a result of Bourgain and Milman, who showed that there is a constant c such that the Mahler conjecture is true up to a factor of c ⁿ . The proof uses a version of the Gauss linking integral to obtain a constant lower bound on Vol K ^◇, with equality when K is an ellipsoid. It applies to a more general conjecture concerning the join of any two necks of the pseudospheres of an indefinite inner product space. Because the calculations are similar, we will also analyze traditional Gauss linking integrals in the sphere S ^n-1 and in hyperbolic space H ^n-1. Received: December 2006, Accepted: January 2007     

On homomorphisms from the Hamming cube to Z

WriteF for the set of homomorphisms from {0, 1} ^d toZ which send0 to 0 (think of members ofF as labellings of {0, 1} ^d in which adjacent strings get labels differing by exactly 1), andF ₁ for those which take on exactlyi values. We give asymptotic formulae for |F| and |F|. In particular, we show that the probability that a uniformly chosen memberf ofF takes more than five values tends to 0 asd→∞. This settles a conjecture of J. Kahn. Previously, Kahn had shown that there is a constantb such thatf a.s. takes at mostb values. This in turn verified a conjecture of I. Benjaminiet al., that for eacht>0,f a.s. takes at mosttd values. Determining |F| is equivalent both to counting the number of rank functions on the Boolean lattice 2^[d] (functionsf: 2^[d]→N satisfyingf( ) andf(A)≤f(A∪x)≤f(A)+1 for allA∈2^[d] andx∈[d]) and to counting the number of proper 3-colourings of the discrete cube (i.e., the number of homomorphisms from {0, 1} ^d toK ₃, the complete graph on 3 vertices). Our proof uses the main lemma from Kahn’s proof of constant range, together with some combinatorial approximation techniques introduced by A. Sapozhenko. Research supported by a Graduate School Fellowship from Rutgers University.     

A complementary universal conjugate Banach space and its relation to the approximation problem

LetC ₁=(ΣG _n ) _{l 1}, where (G _n ) is a sequence which is dense (in the Banach-Mazur sense) in the class of all finite dimensional Banach spaces. IfX is a separable Banach space, thenX ^* is isometric to a subspace ofC ₁ ^* =(ΣG _n ^* ) _m which is the range of a contractive projection onC ₁ ^* . Separable Banach spaces whose conjugates are isomorphic toC ₁ ^* are classified as those spaces which contain complemented copies of C₁. Applications are that every Banach space has the [metric] approximation property ([m.] a.p., in short) iff (ΣG _n ^* ) _m does, and if there is a space failing the m.a.p., thenC ₁ can be equivalently normed to fail the m.a.p. The author was supported in part by NSF GP 28719.     

Removable singularities of weak solutions to the navier-stokes equations

Consider the Navier-Stokes equations in Ω×(0,T), where Ω is a domain in R³. We show that there is an absolute constant ε₀ such that ever, y weak solution u with the property that Sup_tε(a,b)|u(t)|_L(D)≤ε0 is necessarily of class C^∞ in the space-time variables on any compact suhset of D × (a,b) , where D?? and 0 a<b<T. As an application. we prove that if the weak solution u behaves around (x_o, t_o) εΩ×(o,T) 1ike u(x, t) = o(|x - xo|^-1) as x→x ₀ uniforlnly in t in some neighbourliood of t_o, then (x_o,t_o) is actually a removable singularity of u.     

A generalization to the non-separable case of Takesaki's duality theorem forC *-algebras

Takesaki [5] poses the question of how much information about aC ^*-algebraA is contained in its representation theory. He gives it a precise meaning in the following setting: One can furnish the set Rep (A:H) of all representations ofA in a suitable Hilbert spaceH with a topology, with an action of the unitary groupG ofB(H) on it, and with an addition. The setA ^F of operator fields Rep (A:H)B(H) commuting with the action ofG and addition, called the admissible operator fields, turn out to form aW ^*-algebra isomorphic to the bidual ofA with Arens multiplication or with the universal enveloping von Neumann algebra ofA. Takesaki shows in the separable case thatA can be identified inA ^F as the set of continuous admissible operator fields, and leaves the same question open for arbitraryC ^*-algebras. Changing the structures on Rep(A:H) slightly, it is shown here that this result obtains in the general case as well. The proof proceeds along the lines set up in [5] but makes no use of the representation theory of NGCR algebras.     

Counterexamples to the Strong d -Step Conjecture for d≥5

A Dantzig figure is a triple (P,x,y) in which P is a simple d -polytope with precisely 2d facets, x and y are vertices of P , and each facet is incident to x or y but not both. The famous d -step conjecture of linear programming is equivalent to the claim that always # ^d P(x,y) ≥ 1 , where # ^d P(x,y) denotes the number of paths that connect x to y by using precisely d edges of P . The recently formulated strong d -step conjecture makes a still stronger claim—namely, that always # ^d P(x,y) ≥ 2 ^d-1 . It is shown here that the strong d -step conjecture holds for d ≤ 4 , but fails for d ≥ 5 . Received December 27, 1995, and in revised form April 8, 1996.     

Generalized Hankel operators and the generalized solution operator to $ \bar \partial $ on the Fock space and on the Bergman space of the unit disc

In this paper we consider Hankel operators = (Id – P ₁) from A ²(?, |z |²) to A ^2,1(?, |z |²)^⊥. Here A ²(?, |z |²) denotes the Fock space A ²(?, |z |²) = {f: f is entire and ‖f ‖² = ∫_? |f (z)|² exp (–|z |²) dλ (z) < ∞}. Furthermore A ^2,1(?, |z |²) denotes the closure of the linear span of the monomials { z ⁿ : n, l ∈ ?, l ≤ 1} and the corresponding orthogonal projection is denoted by P ₁. Note that we call these operators generalized Hankel operators because the projection P ₁ is not the usual Bergman projection. In the introduction we give a motivation for replacing the Bergman projection by P ₁. The paper analyzes boundedness and compactness of the mentioned operators. On the Fock space we show that is bounded, but not compact, and for k ≥ 3 that is not bounded. Afterwards we also consider the same situation on the Bergman space of the unit disc. Here a completely different situation appears: we have compactness for all k ≥ 1. Finally we will also consider an analogous situation in the case of several complex variables. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

E Φ andh Φ fail to beM-ideals inL Φ andl Φ in the case of the Orlicz norm

It is well known that in the case of the Luxemburg normE ^Φ (resp.h ^Φ) is anM ideal inL ^Φ (resp.l ^Φ), see [1], [9], [15] and [6]; [17] and [18]. It is proved in this paper that in the case of the Orlicz normE ^Φ (resph ^Φ) is anM-ideal inL ^Φ (resp.l ^Φ) iff Φ satisfies the suitable Δ₂ or Φ^*(a(Φ^*)), where a(Φ^*) is linear on the interval [0,u]} and Φ^* denotes the function complementary to Φ in the sense of Young. It is also proved that any linear continuous regular (i.e. order continuous) functional ξ_υ overE ^Φ (resp.h ^Φ) generated byv∈ L(h ^Φ*) (resp.v∈ L(h ^Φ*)) which attains its norm on the unit sphereS(E ^Φ) (resp.S(h ^Φ)), has a unique norm-preserving extension toL ^Φ (resp.l ^Φ). Finally, it is proved thatL ^Φ (resp.l ^Φ) has the property that any linear continuous regular functional ξ_υ overE ^Φ (resp.h ^Φ) has a unique norm-preserving extension toL ^Φ (resp.l ^Φ) iff Φ orE ^Φ satisfies the suitable Δ₂ and in the second case Φ^* attains the value 1.     

The structure of the algebraic eigenspace to the spectral radius of eventually compact, nonnegative integral operators

Let K be an eventually compact linear integral operator on L^p(Ω, μ), 1 p < ∞, with nonnegative kernel k(x, y), where the underlying measure μ is totally σ-finite on the domain set Ω when P = 1. This work extends the previous analysis of the author who characterized the distinguished eigenvalues of K and K^*, and the support sets for the eigenfunctions and generalized eigenfunctions belonging to the spectral radius of K or K^*. The characterizations of the support sets for the algebraic eigenspaces of K or K^* are phrased in terms of significant k-components which are maximal irreducible subsets of Ω and which yield a positive spectral radius for the integral operator defined by the restriction of k(x, y) to the Cartesian product of such sets. In this paper, we show that a basis for the functions, constituting the algebraic eigenspaces of K and K^* belonging to the spectral radius of K, can be chosen to consist of elements which are positive on their sets of support, except possibly on sets of measure less than some arbitrarily specified positive number. In addition, we present necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of the significant k-components, for both K and K^* to possess a positive eigenfunction (a.e. μ) corresponding to the spectral radius, as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for the sequence γⁿKⁿg _p to converge whenever g 0, where − _p denotes the norm in L^p(Ω, μ), and γ₁ the smallest (in modulus) characteristic value of K. This analysis is made possible by introducing the concepts of chains, lengths of chains, height, and depth of a significant k-component as was done by U. Rothblum [Lin. Alg. Appl. 12 (1975), 281–292] for the matrix setting.     

On the maximum principle and its application to diffusion equations

In this article, an analog of the maximum principle has been established for an ordinary differential operator associated with a semi‐discrete approximation of parabolic equations. In applications, the maximum principle is used to prove O(h²) and O(h⁴) uniform convergence of the method of lines for the diffusion Equation (1). The system of ordinary differential equations obtained by the method of lines is solved by an implicit predictor corrector method. The method is tested by examples with the use of the enclosed Mathematica module solveDiffusion. The module solveDiffusion gives the solution by O(h²) uniformly convergent discrete scheme or by O(h⁴) uniformly convergent discrete scheme. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007     

On the regularity of the axially symmetric solutions to the three‐dimensional MHD equations

We present the improved three‐dimensional axially symmetric incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations with nonzero swirl. We consider three kinds of smooth axially symmetric particular solutions to the MHD equations: (1) u^θ=0,B^r=B^z=0, (2) B^r=B^z=0, and (3) B^θ=0. In particular, we derive new regularity criteria for these three kinds of the three‐dimensional axially symmetric smooth solutions to the MHD equations. Our results also reveal some interesting dynamic behavior of the interaction by the angular vorticity field ω^θ and the angular current density field j^θ. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Gelfand-Phillips Property with Respect to the Weak Topology

We consider a Gelfand-Phillips type property for the weak topology. The main results that we obtain are (1) for certain Banach spaces, E^?_? F inherits this property from E and F, and (2) the spaces L^p(μ, E) have this property when E does. A subset A of a Banach space E is a limited set if every (bounded linear) operator T:E → c₀ maps A onto a relatively compact subset of c₀. The Banach space E has the Gelfand-Phillips property if every limited set is relatively compact. In this note, we study the analogous notions set in the weak topology. Thus we say that A ? E is a Grothendieck set if every T: E → c₀ maps A onto a relatively weakly compact set; and E is said to have the weak type GP property if every Grothendieck set in E is relatively weakly compact. In the papers [3, 4 and 6], it is shown among other results that the ?-tensor product E and the spaces L^p(μ, E) inherit the Gelfand-Phillips property from E and F. In this paper, we study the same questions for the weak type GP property. It is easily verified that continuous linear images of Grothendieck sets are Grothendieck and that the weak type GP property is inherited by subspaces. Among the spaces with the weak type GP property one easily finds the separable spaces, and more generally, spaces with a weak* sequentially compact dual ball. Also, C(K) spaces where K is (DCSC) are weak type GP (see [3] and the discussion before Corollary 4 below). A Grothendieck space (a Banach space whose unit ball is a Grothendieck set) has the weak type GP if and only if it is reflexive.     

On the Cesaro Summability with Respect to the Walsh–Kaczmarz System

The Walsh system will be considered in the Kaczmarz rearrangement. We show that the maximal operator σ* of the (C,1)-means of the Walsh–Kaczmarz–Fourier series is bounded from the dyadic Hardy space H^p into L^p for every 1/2<p1. From this it follows by standard arguments that σ* is of weak type (1, 1) and bounded from L^q into L^q if 1<q∞.