Mechanistic investigation on hydrogenation and hydrosilylation of ethylene catalyzed by rhenium nitrosyl complex

The mechanistic study for hydrogenation and hydrosilylation of ethylene catalyzed by a rhenium nitrosyl complex is carried out with the aid of density functional theory computations. The hydrogenation of ethylene is found to be available kinetically in which the oxidative addition of H₂ plays a role in decreasing the reaction barrier. For the case of hydrosilylation of ethylene, it is found the oxidative addition of HSiMe₃ cannot occur due to steric reasons, instead, a σ-bond metathesis process for reductive elimination of C₂H₅SiMe₃ is proposed. The major reason for the inaccessibility for the hydrosilylation is resulted from the fact that the oxidative addition of HSiMe₃ cannot give a more stable intermediate.     

Polynuclear nitrosyl carbonyl ReI complexes with thiolate and sulfide bridges

The reaction of the complex Re₂(CO)₄(NO)₂Cl₄ (1) with NaSCMe₃ (2) (in THF or MeCN, 65–80°C, 24 h) was studied at different ratios of the reagents (from 1∶2 to 1∶6). At the reagent ratio of 1∶2, the binuclear complex Re₂(CO)₄(NO)₂Cl₂(μ-SCMe₃)₂ (3) was obtained as a mixture ofsyn andanti isomers (3a and3b, respectively) containing Re₂S₂ fragments with different structures (the butterfly-like structure in3a and the planar fragment in3b). When the initials were taken in ratios from 1∶4 to 1∶6, two compounds were isolated: the binuclear complex Re₂(CO)₄(NO)₂(μ-SCMe₃)₂(μ-S)4 (cocrystallized as a mixture ofsyn andanti isomers,4a and4b, respectively) and the triangular cluster Re₃(CO)₃(NO)₃(μ-SCMe₃((μ₃-S)(μ₃-Cl) (5). Apparently, complex4 is formed in the course of isolation as a result of elimination of SR₂ from the unstable tetrathiolate dimer Re₂(CO)₄(NO)₂(SCMe₃)₂(μ-SCMe₃)₂ (6). Cluster5 is the product of the reaction between compounds3 and4. Products of interaction of compound6 with silica gel upon column chromatography of the reaction mixture were studied. Four complexes containing hydroxy and oxo bridging groups, (CO)₂(NO)Re(μ-SCMe₃)₂(μ-OH)Re(SCMe₃)(CO)(NO) (7), (CO)₃(NO)₃RE₃(μ-SCMe₃)₃(μ₃-SCME₃)(μ₃-O) (8), [(CO)₂(NO)₂Re₂(SCMe₃)₂(μ-SCMe₃)₂(μ-OH)][Na(THF)(Et₂O)] (9), and [(CO)₂(NO)₂Re₂(SCMe₃)₂(μ-SCMe₃)₂(μ-OH)]₂−[Na(H₂O)₆][H₅O₂] (10), were isolated. The structures of complexes3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and10 were established by X-ray diffraction study. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1030–1044, May, 1998.     

Reaction of diethyl acetonedicarboxylate with nitrosyl chloride

The reaction of diethyl acetonedicarboxylate with greater than two equivalents of nitrosyl chloride or the reaction of diethyl isonitrosoacetonedicarboxylate with one equivalent of nitrosyl chloride gave diethyl 4-hydroxyisoxazole-3,5-dicarboxylate in quantitative yield. Mechanistic possibilities are discussed.     

Photoinduced solid-state isomerization and structural characterization of a nitro–nitrosyl ruthenium complex with 3-cyanopyridine

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Rhodium nitrosyl catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid under mild conditions

A new synthetic protocol for catalysing CO₂ hydrogenation to formic acid under mild conditions is reported, and the CO₂ hydrogenation is efficiently achieved by dcpe‐rhodium‐nitrosyl catalyst precursors, Rh(NO)(dcpe) (1) (dcpe = 1,2‐dicyclohexylphosphinoethane) and Rh(III)(NO)(dcpe)Cl₂ (2). The catalytic activity of 1 is noteworthy for being able to proceed in the absence of protic conditions. Compound 2 is characterized by NMR, IR and X‐ray crystallography. In particular, 2 is observed to bear a bent NO ligand with a Rh–N–O angle of 115.7(3)°, representing one of the smallest M–N–O angles known. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reaction of tetrafluorobenzobarrelene and tetrafluorobenzodihydrobarrelene with nitrosyl chloride

Conclusions Reactions of tetrafluorobenzobarrelene and tetrafluorobenzodihydrobarrelene with nitrosyl chloride were studied. It was shown that during attack at the sp²-hybridized carbon atom the exo-direction is more accessible sterically in the first case and the endo-direction is more accessible in the second.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 679–681, March, 1976.     

Theoretical modeling of electrochemical interactions in bimetallic molybdenum nitrosyl complexes incorporating saturated bridges

Hybrid B3LYP and non-hybrid OLYP DFT formalism has been applied to neutral and reduced forms of bimetallic hydrotris(3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borato (Tp^3-Me) molybdenum nitrosyl complexes incorporating ethane-1,2-diolate bridges. Direct evidence for localization of an extra electron in mixed-valence compounds {16e:17e}⁻ is based on the analysis of electron density, energetic stabilization of asymmetric structures with an electron trapped on one Mo and the splitting of both calculated and experimental ν_NO stretching frequencies. Differences in the first and second electron affinities calculated in PCM solvent model have been successfully related to cyclic voltammetry measurements. Electronic interactions through saturated ethanediolato bridges are evidenced by the extent of spin density delocalization towards the second Mo center.     

Femtosecond pump-probe studies of nitrosyl chloride photochemistry in solution

We present a femtosecond pump-probe study of the primary events of nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) photochemistry in solution. Following 266 nm photolysis, the resulting evolution in optical density is measured for ClNO dissolved in acetonitrile, chloroform, and dichloromethane. The results demonstrate that photolysis results in the production of a photoproduct that has an absorption band maximum at 295 nm in acetonitrile and 330 nm in chloroform and dichloromethane. To determine the extent of Cl production, comparative photochemical studies of methyl hypochlorite (MeOCl) and ClNO are performed. Photolysis of MeOCl in solution results in the production of the Cl:solvent charge-transfer complex; therefore, a comparison of the spectral evolution observed following MeOCl and ClNO photolysis under identical photolysis conditions is performed to determine the extent of Cl production following ClNO photolysis. We find that similar to the gas-phase photochemistry, Cl and NO formation is the dominant photochemical channel in acetonitrile. However, the photochemistry in chloroform and dichloromethane is more complex, with a second product formed in addition to Cl and NO. It is proposed that in these solvents photoisomerization also occurs, resulting in the production of ClON. The results presented here represent the first detailed examination of the solution phase photochemistry of ClNO.     

Functional models of [Fe—S] nitrosyl proteins

The review surveys methods for the synthesis, as well as structures and properties of sulfur-containing iron nitrosyl complexes serving as models of active sites of [Fe—S] nitrosyl proteins, which are potential donors of nitrogen monoxide.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2326–2345, November, 2004.     

Rotational Isomeric State Model of Poly（vinylidene chloride） Based Upon ab Initio Electronic Structure Calculations

The rotational isomeric state(RIS) model was constructed for poly(vinylidene chloride)(PVDC) based on quantum chemistry calculations. The statistical weighted parameters were obtained from RIS representations and ab initio energies of conformers for model molecules 2,2,4,4-tetrachloropentane(TCP) and 2,2,4,4,6, 6-hexachlorohep-tane(HCH). By employing the RIS method, the characteristic ratio C∞ was calculated for PVDC. The calculated cha-racteristic ratio for PVDC is in good agreement with experiment result. Additionally, we studied the influence of the statistical weighted parameters on C∞ by calculating δC∞/δlnw. According to the values of δC∞/δlnw, the effects of second-order Cl-CH2 pentane type interaction and Cl-Cl long range interaction on C∞ were found to be important. In contrast, first-order interaction is unimportant.     

Density functional theory of the iron–nitrosyl (S = 3/2) complex

On the basis of density functional theory (DFT), the iron–nitrosyl complex Fe[Me₃TACN](NO)(N₃)₂ (S = 3/2) is studied via the B3LYP hybrid method. Its Raman vibrational frequencies, atomic net charges, and spin densities are analyzed. The related complexes Fe(NH₃) (n = 1, 2, and 3) are employed as reference compounds to determine the characteristics of the central iron. Our results indicate that the S = 3/2 spin ground state of Fe[Me₃TACN](NO)(N₃)₂ is best described by the presence of Fe^II (S = 2) anti‐ferromagnetically coupled to NO⁰ (S = 1/2) yielding Fe^II[Me₃TACN](NO⁰)(N)₂. This is clearly different from the previous Fe^III‐NO^? theoretical assignment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005     

Rhenium(II) nitrosyl complexes: synthesis,characterization, DFT calculations and DNA nuclease activity

The rhenium(II) dinitrosyl and mononitrosyl complexes, i.e. [Re(NO)₂(CN)₄]·(Phen)₂·2H₂O (1) and PhenH[Re(NO)(CN)₄(H₂O)]·(Phen)·3H₂O (2) have been isolated and characterized. The X-ray crystal structure of 2 reveals that Re(II) is octahedrally coordinated with one nitrosyl, four cyanides, and one water, with one phenanthroline protonated to compensate the charge of the Re(II) center. The crystal structure shows chemically significant non-covalent interactions like hydrogen bonding involving the uncoordinated water and π–π interactions between phenanthrolinium and phen. The structures of both complexes have been optimized by DFT. Absorption and emission spectral studies and viscosity measurements indicate that both 1 and 2 interact with calf thymus DNA through partial intercalation of DNA bases. The intrinsic-binding constants, obtained from UV–vis spectroscopic studies, are 1.2?×?10⁴ and 7.2?×?10⁴?M^?1 for 1 and 2, respectively. Both 1 and 2 are capable of inducing cleavage of plasmid DNA in the presence of H₂O₂ to form the supercoiled form to nicked circular form. The spectroscopic results of DNA binding are supported by molecular docking studies.     

Synthesis, spectra and electrochemistry of dinitro- bis -2-(phenylazo)pyrimidine ruthenium(II). Nitro*#x2014;nitroso derivatives and reactivity of the electrophilic nitrosyl centreruthenium(II). Nitro*#x2014;nitroso derivatives and reactivity of the electrophilic nitrosyl centre

Silver-assisted aquation of bluecis-trans-cis-RuCl₂(Raapm)₂ (1a-1e) leads to the synthesis of solvento species, blue-violetcis-trans-cis-[Ru(OH₂)₂(Raapm)₂](ClO₄)₂ [Raapm =p-R-C₆H₄-N=N-C₄H₃-NN, (2a-2e), abbreviated as N,N′-chelator, where N(pyrimidine) and N(azo) represent N and N′ respectively; R = H (a),p-Me (b),p-Cl (c),m-Me (d),m-Cl (e) that react with NO₂ in warm EtOH to give violet dinitro complexes of the type, Ru(NO₂)₂(Raapm)₂ (3a-3e). The nitrite complexes are useful synthons of electrophilic nitrosyls, and on triturating the dinitro compounds with conc. HClO₄, nitro-nitrosyl derivatives are isolated. The solution structure and stereoretentive transformation in each step have been established from¹H NMR results. The compounds are redox active and display one metal-centred oxidation and successive ligand-based reductions. The v (NO) > 1900 cm^-1 strongly suggests the presence of linear Ru-N-O bonding. The electrophilic behaviour of metal-bound nitrosyl has been proved in one case by reacting with a bicyclic ketone, camphor, containing an active methylene group and an arylhydrazone with an active methine group. Diazotization of primary aromatic amines with strongly electrophilic mononitrosyl complexes in acetonotrile and dichloromethane solutions has been thoroughly studied.     

氯化钙催化纤维素热裂解动力学研究

用差示热重分析仪对氯化钙纤维素热裂解动力学催化影响进行了研究。结果表明，氯化钙对焦炭的形成具有强烈的促进效果，使热裂解最终残留物产率从5％提升到10％以上，氯化钙的存在影响到热失重初始阶段活性纤维素的生成，使热重曲线向低温侧移动，并在低温段产生了小的失重速率峰。通过热重分析发现，氯化钙催化条件下纤维素热裂解动力学参数被分为了三段，分别对应于活性纤维素的生成、炭化和活性纤维素转化为挥发分产物三个区间，并依次成为整体失重过程的控制步骤。结合Broido-Shafizadeh机理分析以及与纯纤维素热裂解动力学参数的对比，氯化钙对这三个主要反应步骤都产生了促进效果，其中以催化焦炭的生成最为明显，在促进焦炭化的过程中，降低了气体产物的生成比率。     

Light-assisted transport of nitric oxide across membranes containing nitrosyl chloride solutions

Experimental evidence for the light-assisted concentration of nitric oxide taking part in a reversible photochemical reaction in a solution is presented. For the system, nitrosyl chloride-nitric oxide, a gradient of light energy across the membrane sandwich containing nitrosyl chloride solution results in a gradient of nitric oxide concentration across the membrane. For the experimental conditions employed, nitric oxide concentration ratios of up to 15 were obtained. The experimental results are explained using an “equilibrium-facilitation” model. The photodiffusion membrane configuration of the kind discussed can be used for the chemical storage of solar energy     

Study on conductance of supersaturated chloride microdroplets

By using the measuring system previously designed by the authors, the conductance of KCl, NaCl and NH₄Cl microdroplets is obtained in the whole measuring RH range, especially in the supersaturation region, which cannot be acquired from the bulk solutions and fills the gap of lack of experimental data of conductance under the supersaturated state. The ERH and DRH of these three kinds of microdroplets observed from a microscope are 80.5% and 95.4% (KCl), 75.7% and 93.3% (NaCl), and 69.9% and 96.6% (NH₄Cl), respectively. In addition, it can be found from the dependence of conductance on RH that conductance is very sensitive to the existence of water molecules inside the microdroplet and the threshold of the deliquescence process can be predicted by the variation of conductance. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20673010 and 20605004), Fundamental Research Foundation of BIT (Grant No. 20060742003), Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (Grant No. B07012), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 20070410467)     

Transition-metal-free trifluoromethylthiolation and difluoromethylthiolation of thiols with trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride and difluoromethanesulfonyl chloride

Triphenylphosphine-mediated metal-free trifluoromethylthiolation and difluoromethylthiolation of thiols by CF₃SO₂Cl and CHF₂SO₂Cl to synthesize trifluoromethyl disulfides and difluoromethyl disulfides, respectively, was achieved at room temperature. Iodine generated in situ from iodide facilitated this reaction via the formation of iodotriphenylphosphonium iodide which could serve as a reducing agent in this transformation. Readily available reagents and mild reaction conditions without transition-metals allow this protocol to be more practical than traditional methods.