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1.
V. M. Petrogradsky 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》1999,113(1):323-339
Suppose that
% MathType!End!2!1! is a variety of Lie algebras, and letc
n(
% MathType!End!2!1!) be the dimension of the linear span of all multilinear words onn distinct letters in the free algebraF(
% MathType!End!2!1!,X) of the variety
% MathType!End!2!1!. We consider an exponential generating function
% MathType!End!2!1!, called the complexity function. The complexity function is an entire function of a complex variable provided
the variety of Lie algebras is nontrivial. In this paper we introduce the notion of complexity for Lie varieties in terms
of the growth of complexity functions; also we describe what the complexity means for the codimension growth of the variety.
Our main goal is to specify the complexity of a product of two Lie varieties in terms of the complexities of multiplicands.
The main observation here is thatC(
% MathType!End!2!1!),z) behaves like a composition of three functionsC(
% MathType!End!2!1!),z), exp(z), andC(
% MathType!End!2!1!),z).
Partially supported by grant RFFI 96-01-00146; the author is grateful to the University of Bielefeld for hospitality, where
he was DAAD-fellow. 相似文献
2.
A mapT: X→X on a normed linear space is callednonexpansive if ‖Tx-Ty‖≤‖x-y‖∀x, y∈X. Let (Ω, Σ,P) be a probability space,
an increasing chain of σ-fields spanning Σ,X a Banach space, andT: X→X. A sequence (xn) of strongly
-measurable and stronglyP-integrable functions on Ω taking on values inX is called aT-martingale if
.
LetT: H→H be a nonexpansive mapping on a Hilbert spaceH and let (xn) be aT-martingale taking on values inH. If
then x
n
/n converges a.e.
LetT: X→X be a nonexpansive mapping on ap-uniformly smooth Banach spaceX, 1<p≤2, and let (xn) be aT-martingale (taking on values inX). If
then there exists a continuous linear functionalf∈X
* of norm 1 such that
If, in addition, the spaceX is strictly convex, x
n
/n converges weakly; and if the norm ofX
* is Fréchet differentiable (away from zero), x
n
/n converges strongly.
This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant MCS-82-02093 相似文献
3.
Lutz Strüngmann 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》2006,151(1):29-51
LetR be a unital associative ring and
two classes of leftR-modules. In [St3] the notion of a (
) pair was introduced. In analogy to classical cotorsion pairs, a pair (V,W) of subclasses
is called a (
) pair if it is maximal with respect to the classes
and the condition Ext
R
1
(V, W)=0 for all
. In this paper we study
pairs whereR = ℤ and
is the class of all torsion-free abelian groups andT is the class of all torsion abelian groups. A complete characterization is obtained assumingV=L. For example, it is shown that every
pair is singly cognerated underV=L.
The author was supported by a DFG grant. 相似文献
4.
Götz Brunner 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》1972,12(3):306-313
In the definition ofCW-complexes, the one-point spaceP, respectively the spaceP∪* with basepoint *, play the roll of the only “building-stone”. Let
be a family of compact spaces. Then the definition of a generalizedCW-complex over
is obtained from the definition of aCW-complex by replacingP by the spaces of
and formation of the mapping cone by a slightly modified construction. LetCW
* denote the category of all pointed spaces which have the homotopy type of a generalizedCW-complex over
. If
, thenCW
* is the category of all pointedCW-spaces.CW
* is closed under the formation of direct sums and of mapping cones, cylinders and tori, and is formally characterized as
the smallest such subcategory of Top * containing the spaces W∪*,
. Following the methods of E. H. Brown, it is proved, that any half exact homotopy functor onCW
* is representable, and any cohomology theory onCW
is naturally equivalent to the cohomology theory of an Ω-spectrum; for example, the singular cohomo logy is representable
onCW
for any family
of compact spaces.
相似文献
5.
Given ∈, we construct a sequence
, … of Borel sub-sigma-algebras on the unit interval with the following property. Suppose the identity functionf(x)=x is transformed by successive conditioning on
, then
, then
, Then the lim sup, with respect ton, will exceed (pointwise almost-everywhere) 1−∈ and its lim inf will be less than ∈.
The sequence of functions also will fail to converge in the
. This contrasts with the long-open conjecture that if all the
come from a finite set of sigma-algebras, then the resulting sequence of functions must converge in
.
J. L. King was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-9112595. 相似文献
6.
Yehoram Gordon 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》1981,39(1-2):141-144
LetX andY be Banach spaces. TFAE (1)X andY do not contain subspaces uniformly isomorphic to
(2) The local unconditional structure constant of the space of bounded operatorsL (X*k,Y
k) tends to infinity for every increasing sequence
and
of finite-dimensional subspaces ofX andY respectively. 相似文献
7.
We prove that for almost allσ ∈G ℚ the field
has the following property: For each absolutely irreducible affine varietyV of dimensionr and each dominating separable rational mapϕ:V→
there exists a point a ∈
such thatϕ(a) ∈ ℤr. We then say that
is PAC over ℤ. This is a stronger property then being PAC. Indeed we show that beside the fields
other fields which are algebraic over ℤ and are known in the literature to be PAC are not PAC over ℤ. 相似文献
8.
Peter Šemrl 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》2008,163(1):125-138
Let
be an arbitrary division ring and M
n
(
) the multiplicative semigroup of all n × n matrices over
. We describe the general form of endomorphisms of M
n
(
).
Supported in part by a grant from the Ministry of Science of Slovenia. 相似文献
9.
Wolfgang Lusky 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》2004,143(1):239-251
LetX be a Banach space with a sequence of linear, bounded finite rank operatorsR
n:X→X such thatR
nRm=Rmin(n,m) ifn≠m and lim
n→∞
R
n
x=x for allx∈X. We prove that, ifR
n−Rn
−1 factors uniformly through somel
p and satisfies a certain additional symmetry condition, thenX has an unconditional basis. As an application, we study conditions on Λ ⊂ ℤ such thatL
Λ=closed span
, where
, has an unconditional basis. Examples include the Hardy space
. 相似文献
10.
For an idealJ on an infinite setX with add(J)=κ, let
be the smallest size of any subfamilyY ofJ with the property that any member ofJ can be covered by less than κ members ofY. We study the value of
forA in
, where
denotes the smallest [δ]<θ ideal onP
κ(λ). We also discuss the problem of whether there exists a setA such that
, or even
.
Some of the material in this paper originally appeared as part of the author's doctoral dissertation completed at the Université
de Caen, 1998.
Partially supported by the Israel Science Foundation. Publication 813. 相似文献
11.
Small into-isomorphism from L∞(A,μ) into L∞(B,υ) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DING Guanggui 《中国科学A辑(英文版)》2001,44(3):273-279
In this paper we shall assert that if T is an isomorphism of L∞(Ω1, A, μ) into L∞(Ω2, B, υ) satisfying the condition ‖T‖·‖T
−1‖⩽1+ɛ for ɛ∈
, then
is close to an isometry with an error less than 6ε in some conditions. 相似文献
12.
Peter Raith 《Journal d'Analyse Mathématique》1999,78(1):117-142
Assume thatX is a finite union of closed intervals and consider aC
1-mapX→ℝ for which {c∈X: T′c=0} is finite. Set
. Fix ann ∈ ℕ. For ε>0, theC
1-map
is called an ε-perturbation ofT if
is a piecewise monotonic map with at mostn intervals of monotonicity and
is ε-close toT in theC
1-topology. The influence of small perturbations ofT on the dynamical system (R(T),T) is investigated. Under a certain condition on the continuous functionf:X → ℝ, the topological pressure is lower semi-continuous. Furthermore, the topological pressure is upper semi-continuous for
every continuous functionf:X → ℝ. If (R(T),T) has positive topological entropy and a unique measure μ of maximal entropy, then every sufficiently small perturbation
ofT has a unique measure
of maximal entropy, and the map
is continuous atT in the weak star-topology. 相似文献
13.
For two complex Banach spaces X and Y,
(B
X; Y) will denote the space of bounded and continuous functions from B
X
to Y that are holomorphic on the open unit ball. The numerical radius of an element h in
(B
X; X) is the supremum of the set
. We prove that every complex Banach space X with the Radon-Nikodym property satisfies that the subset of numerical radius attaining functions in
(B
X; X) is dense in
(B
X; X). We also show the denseness of the numerical radius attaining elements of
in the whole space, where
is the subset of functions in
which are uniformly continuous on the unit ball. For C(K) we prove a denseness result for the subset of the functions in
(B
C(K); C(K)) which are weakly uniformly continuous on the closed unit ball. For a certain sequence space X, there is a 2-homogenous polynomial P from X to X such that for every R > e, P cannot be approximated by bounded and numerical radius attaining holomorphic functions defined on RB
X
. If Y satisfies some isometric conditions and X is such that the subset of norm attaining functions of
(B
X; ℂ) is dense in
(B
X; ℂ), then the subset of norm attaining functions in
(B
X; Y) is dense in the whole space.
The first author was supported in part by D.G.E.S. Project BFM2003-01681.
The second author’s work was performed during a visit to the Departamento de Análisis Matem’atico of Universidad de Granada,
with a grant supported by the Korea Research Foundation under grant (KRF-2002-070-C00006). 相似文献
14.
Moshe Dubiner 《Journal d'Analyse Mathématique》1995,67(1):39-116
We consider the problem of polynomial approximation to a real valued functionf defined on a compact set
. An approximation theorem is proven in terms of the newly defined modulus of approximation. It is shown to imply a multidimensional
Jackson type theorem which is stronger than previously known results even for the interval [−1, 1]. A strong multidimensional
Bernstein type inverse theorem is also proven. We allow quite general approximation quasi-norms including
for 0<q≤∞.
We have found that the space of polynomials ℙ on a compact setX induces a semimetric
which encapsulates the local structure of ℙ. Any semimetric ρ equivalent to
suffices for the rough theory presented here. Many examples of sets
and their metrics are presented. 相似文献
15.
Zhu Yaochen 《数学学报(英文版)》1988,4(4):364-371
Let
be a finitely generated extension field of ℚ, andα
i,βj(1⩽i⩽m,1⩽j⩽n) be some complex numbers. Let
(k=1,2,3) be fields obtained by adjoining to
the numbers {α
i,βj exp(αiβj)}, {αi, exp(αiβj)}, and {exp(αiβj)}, respectively. In the present note the relation between the transcendental degree of
over
and the transcendence type of
over ℚ is given.
This work was completed in Dpt. Math., Univ. of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA. 相似文献
16.
Laurent Bartholdi 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》2006,154(1):93-139
We develop the theory of “branch algebras”, which are infinite-dimensional associative algebras that are isomorphic, up to
taking subrings of finite codimension, to a matrix ring over themselves. The main examples come from groups acting on trees.
In particular, for every field
% MathType!End!2!1! we contruct a
% MathType!End!2!1! which
The author acknowledges support from TU Graz and UC Berkeley, where part of this research was conducted. 相似文献
– | • is finitely generated and infinite-dimensional, but has only finitedimensional quotients; |
– | • has a subalgebra of finite codimension, isomorphic toM 2(k); |
– | • is prime; |
– | • has quadratic growth, and therefore Gelfand-Kirillov dimension 2; |
– | • is recursively presented; |
– | • satisfies no identity; |
– | • contains a transcendental, invertible element; |
– | • is semiprimitive if % MathType!End!2!1! has characteristic ≠2; |
– | • is graded if % MathType!End!2!1! has characteristic 2; |
– | • is primitive if % MathType!End!2!1! is a non-algebraic extension of % MathType!End!2!1!; |
– | • is graded nil and Jacobson radical if % MathType!End!2!1! is an algebraic extension of % MathType!End!2!1!. |
17.
M. Zippin 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》1966,4(3):199-204
A basis
is constructed inc
0 such that there exists no bounded linear projection ofc
0 onto the subspace spanned by a certain subsequence
of
.
This is part of the author’s Ph.D. thesis prepared at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem under the suppervision of Professor
A. Dvoretzky and Dr. J. Lindenstrauss. The author wishes to thank Dr. Lindenstrauss for his helpful advice. 相似文献
18.
C. Bose 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》1993,83(1-2):129-152
A process (T, P) is said to have the “
” property if there is a uniform, positive lowerbound δ on the
separation between theT-P names of (almost) every pair of pointsx≠y. A finite group rotation with partition into distinct points provides a trivial example. Given any process having the
property we show that there exists a Bernoulli shiftB so thatT×B is measurably isomorphic to the natural extension of a piecewise monotone, continuous, and expanding map of the unit interval.
This construction is applied to produce interval maps which are ergodic but not weak-mixing, weak-mixing but not mixing, and
mixing but not exact with respect to their unique absolutely continuous invariant measures, in contrast with the results known
for piecewiseC
1+∈ expansive interval maps. In obtaining these examples we identify a number of nontrivial classes of automorphismsT which admit processes having the
property.
Supported by NSERC grant OGP0046586 90. 相似文献
19.
Zbigniew Slodkowski 《Journal of Geometric Analysis》1997,7(4):637-651
We consider an arbitrary real analytic family Xz,
, over the closed unit disc
, of real analytic plane Jordan curves Xz. Ifj
e
iθ
,e
iθ
∋ ∂D, is an arbitrary real-analytic family of orientation-reversing homeomorphisms of
fixingX
e
iθ
pointwise, we show that there is a unique holomorphic motion of
extending the given motion of Jordan curves and consistent with the given family of involutions. If these generalized reflections
are defined using the barycentric extension construction of Douady-Earle-Nag, then the resulting extension method for holomorphic
motions of X is natural, that is Moebius-invariant and continuous with respect to variation of the given motion of X0. 相似文献
20.
According to Grothendieck Duality Theory [RD], on each varietyV over a fieldk, there is a canonical complex of
-modules, theresidue complex
. These complexes satisfy (and are characterized by) functorial properties in the categoryV ofk-varieties. In [Ye] a complex
is constructed explicitly (when the fieldk is perfect). The main result of this paper is that the two families of complexes,
and
, which carry certain additional data (such as trace maps…), are uniquely isomorphic. As a corollary we recover Lipman’s canonical
dualizing sheaf of [Li], and we obtain formulas for residues of local cohomology classes of differential forms. 相似文献