Supersymmetric U（1） Gange Field Theory with Massive Gauge Field

A new mechanism to introduce the mass of U(1) gauge field in supersymmetric U(1) gauge theory is discussed.The model has the strict local U(1) gauge symmetry and supersymmetry.Because we introduce two vector superfields simultaneously,the model contains a massive U(1) gauge field as well as a massless U(1) gauge field.     

Multilinear Variable Separation Approach in （3＋1）-Dimensions： the Burgers Equation

The multi-linear variable separation approach has been proved to be very useful in solving many (2 1)-dimensional integrable systems. Taking the (3 l)-dimeusional Burgers equation as a simple example, here we extend the multi-linear variable separation approach to (3 l )-dimensions. The form of the universal formula obtained from many (2 l )-dimensional system is still valid. However, a more general arbitrary function (with three independentvariables) has been included in the formula. Starting from the universal formula, one may obtain abundant (3 l )-dimensional localized excitations. In particular, we display a special paraboloid-type camber soliton solution and a dipole-type dromion solution which is localized in all directions.     

Chaos and Fractals in a （2＋1）—Dimensional Soliton System

Considering that there are abundant coherent solitent soliton excitations in high dimensions,we reveal a novel phenomenon that the localized excitations possess chaotic and fractal behaviour in some(2 1)-dimensional soliton systems.To clarify the interesting phenomenon,we take the generalized(2 1)-dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov-Vesselov system as a concrete example,A quite general variable separation solutions of this system is derived via a variable separation approach first.then some new excitations like chaos and fractals are derived by introducing some types of lower-dimensional chaotic and fractal patterns.     

Wronskian and Grammian solutions for the （3＋ 1）-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation

<正>In this paper,based on Hirota’s bilinear method,the Wronskian and Grammian techniques,as well as several properties of the determinant,a broad set of sufficient conditions consisting of systems of linear partial differential equations are presented.They guarantee that the Wronskian determinant and the Grammian determinant solve the (3 + 1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation in the bilinear form.Then some special exact Wronskian and Grammian solutions are obtained by solving the differential conditions.At last,with the aid of Maple,some of these special exact solutions are shown graphically.     

New Astrophysical Reaction Rates for ^18F（P,α）^15O and ^18F（P,γ）^19Ne

The rates of the thermonuclear ^18F(P,α)^15O and ^18F(P,γ)^19Ne reactions in hot astrophysical environments are needed to understand gamma-ray emission from nova explosions. The rates for these reactions have been uncertain due to discrepancies in recent measurements, as well as to a lack of a comprehensive examination of the available structure information in the compound nucleus ^19Ne. We have examined the latest experimental measurements with radioactive and stable beams, and made estimates of the unmeasured ^19Ne nuclear level parameters, to generate new rates with uncertainties for these reactions. The rates are expressed as numerical values over the temperature range relevant for stellar explosions, as well as analytical expressions as functions of temperature in a format suitable for use in astrophysical simulations. Comparisons with the previous rate calculations are carried out, and the astrophysical implications are briefly discussed.     

Structures of（ΩΩ）0＋and（[1]Ω）1＋in Extended Chiral SU（3） Quark Model

The structures of (ΩΩ)0 and ([1]Ω)1 are studied in the extended chiral SU(3) quark model in which vector meson exchanges are included. The effect from the vector meson fields is very similar to that from the one-gluon exchange (OGE) interaction. Both in the chiral SU(3) quark model and in the extended chiral SU(3) quark model,di-omega (ΩΩ)0 is always deeply bound, with over one hundred MeV binding energy, and ([1]Ω)1 ‘s binding energy is around 20 MeV. An analysis shows that the quark exchange effect plays a very important role for making di-omega (ΩΩ)0 deeply bound.     

Variable Separation Solutions in （1＋1）-Dimensional and （3＋1）-Dimensional Systems via Entangled Mapping Approach

In this paper, the entangled mapping approach （EMA） is applied to obtain variable separation solutions of （1＋1）-dimensional and （3＋1）-dimensional systems. By analysis, we firstly find that there also exists a common formula to describe suitable physical fields or potentials for these （1＋1）-dimensional models such as coupled integrable dispersionless （CID） and shallow water wave equations. Moreover, we find that the variable separation solution of the （3＋1）-dimensional Burgers system satisfies the completely same form as the universal quantity U1 in （2＋1）-dimensional systems. The only difference is that the function q is a solution of a constraint equation and p is an arbitrary function of three independent variables.     

A New Class of （2＋1）-Dimensional Localized Coherent Structures with CompletelyElastic and Non-elastic Interactive Properties

From the variable separation solution and by selecting appropriate functions, a new class of localized coherent structures consisting of solitons in various types are found in the (2 1)-dimensional long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction equation. The completely elastic and non-elastic interactive behavior between the dromion and compacton, dromion and peakon, as well as between peakon and compacton are investigated. The novel features exhibited by these new structures are revealed for the first time.     

Chaos game representation （CGR）-walk model for DNA sequences

Chaos game representation (CGR) is an iterative mapping technique that processes sequences of units, such as nucleotides in a DNA sequence or amino acids in a protein, in order to determine the coordinates of their positions in a continuous space. This distribution of positions has two features: one is unique, and the other is source sequence that can be recovered from the coordinates so that the distance between positions may serve as a measure of similarity between the corresponding sequences. A CGR-walk model is proposed based on CGR coordinates for the DNA sequences. The CGR coordinates are converted into a time series, and a long-memory ARFIMA (p, d, q) model, where ARFIMA stands for autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average, is introduced into the DNA sequence analysis. This model is applied to simulating real CGR-walk sequence data of ten genomic sequences. Remarkably long-range correlations are uncovered in the data, and the results from these models are reasonably fitted with those from the ARFIMA (p, d, q) model.     

Localized Excitations in （3＋1） Dimensions： Dromions, Ring-Shape and Bubble-Like Solitons

By means of infinite-dimensional Kac-Moody-Virasoro symmetry group transformation, rich localized (3 1)-dimensional excitations such as dromions, ring-shape and bubble-like excitations are obtained for a matrix systemwhich is produced by extending the Lax pair of the celebrated self-dual Yang-Mills field. Abundant (3 1)-dimensional localized excitations can also be found in other types of nonlinear systems.     

Mathematical structure of the three-dimensional（3D） Ising model

An overview of the mathematical structure of the three-dimensional(3D) Ising model is given from the points of view of topology,algebra,and geometry.By analyzing the relationships among transfer matrices of the 3D Ising model,Reidemeister moves in the knot theory,Yang-Baxter and tetrahedron equations,the following facts are illustrated for the 3D Ising model.1) The complex quaternion basis constructed for the 3D Ising model naturally represents the rotation in a(3+1)-dimensional space-time as a relativistic quantum statistical mechanics model,which is consistent with the 4-fold integrand of the partition function obtained by taking the time average.2) A unitary transformation with a matrix that is a spin representation in 2 n·l·o-space corresponds to a rotation in 2n·l·o-space,which serves to smooth all the crossings in the transfer matrices and contributes the non-trivial topological part of the partition function of the 3D Ising model.3) A tetrahedron relationship would ensure the commutativity of the transfer matrices and the integrability of the 3D Ising model,and its existence is guaranteed by the Jordan algebra and the Jordan-von Neumann-Wigner procedures.4) The unitary transformation for smoothing the crossings in the transfer matrices changes the wave functions by complex phases φx,φy,and φz.The relationship with quantum field and gauge theories and the physical significance of the weight factors are discussed in detail.The conjectured exact solution is compared with numerical results,and the singularities at/near infinite temperature are inspected.The analyticity in β=1/(kBT) of both the hard-core and the Ising models has been proved only for β0,not for β=0.Thus the high-temperature series cannot serve as a standard for judging a putative exact solution of the 3D Ising model.     

Analysis of the excited bottom and bottom-strange states B1（5721）, B2*（5747）,Bs1（5830）, Bs2*（5840）, BJ（5840） and BJ（5970） of the B meson family

In order to make a further confirmation of the assignments of the excited bottom and bottom-strange mesons B1(5721),B2^*(5747),Bs1(5830)and Bs2^*(5840)and identify possible assignments of BJ(5840)and BJ(5970),we study the strong decay of these states with the 3P0 decay model.Our analysis supports the assignments of B1(5721)and B2*(5747)as the 1P'1 and 1^3P2 states,and Bs1(5830)and Bs2^*(5840)as the strange partners of B1(5721)and B2^*(5747).Besides,we tentatively identify the recently observed BJ(5840)and BJ(5970)as the 2^3S1 and 13D3 states.It is noted that these conclusions need further confirmation by measurements of the decay channels BJ(5840)→Bπand BJ(5970)→Bπ.     

The influence of an SixNy interlayer on a GaN film grown on an Si（lll） substrate

<正>A method to drastically reduce dislocation density in a GaN film grown on an Si(111) substrate is newly developed. In this method,the Si_xN_y interlayer which is deposited on an A1N buffer layer in situ is introduced to grow the GaN film laterally.The crack-free GaN film with thickness over 1.7 micron is successfully grown on an Si(111) substrate. A synthesized GaN epilayer is characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),atomic force microscope(AFM),and Raman spectrum.The test results show that the GaN crystal reveals a wurtzite structure with the(0001) crystal orientation and the full width at half maximum of the X-ray diffraction curve in the(0002) plane is as low as 403 arcsec for the GaN film grown on the Si substrate with an Si_xN_y interlayer.In addition,Raman scattering is used to study the stress in the sample.The results indicate that the Si_xN_y interlayer can more effectively accommodate the strain energy.So the dislocation density can be reduced drastically,and the crystal quality of GaN film can be greatly improved by introducing an Si_xN_y interlayer.     

A Practical Guide for X-Ray Diffraction Characterization of Ga（A1, In）N Alloys

Ca(In, Al)N alloys are used as an active layer or cladding layer in light emitting diodes and laser diodes, x-ray diffraction is extensively used to evaluate the crystalline quality, the chemical composition and the residual strain in Ca(Al,In)N thin films, which directly determine the emission wavelength and the device performance. Due to the minor mismatch in lattice parameters between Ca(Al, In)N alloy and a CaN virtual substrate, x-ray diffraction comes to a problem to separate the signal from Ca(Al,In)N alloy and CaN. We give a detailed comparison on different diffraction planes. In order to balance the intensity and peak separation between Ca(Al,In)N alloy and CaN, (0004) and (1015) planes make the best choice for symmetric scan and asymmetric scan, respectively.     

Localized excitations with and without propagating properties in （2＋1）-dimensions obtained by a mapping approach

By means of an extended mapping approach, a new type of variable-separation excitation is derived with two arbitrary functions in a (2 1)-dimensional modified dispersive water-wave system. Based on the derived variable-separation excitation, abundant nonpropagating and propagating solitons such as dromions, rings, peakons and compactons are revealed by selecting appropriate functions in this paper.     

Effect of 6H-SiC （1120） substrate on epitaxial graphene revealed by Raman scattering

A nonpolar SiC(1120) substrate has been used to fabricate epitaxial graphene (EG). Two EGs with layer numbers of 8-10 (referred to as MLG) and 2-3 (referred to as FLG) were used as representative to study the substrate effect on EG through temperature dependent Raman scattering. It is found that Raman lineshifts of G and 2D peaks of the MLG with temperature are consistent with that of a free graphene predicted by theory calculation, indicating that the substrate influence on the MLG is undetectable. While Raman G peak lineshifts of the FLG to that of the free graphene are obvious, however, its lineshift rate (-0.016 cm^-1/K) is almost one third of that (-0.043 cm^-1/K) of a EG on 6H-SiC (0001) in the temperature range from 300 K to 400 K, indicating a weak substrate effect from SiC (1120) on the FLG. This renders the FLG a high mobility around 1812 cm²- ·V^-1-·s^-1 at room temperature even with a very high carrier concentration about 2.95× 10¹³ cm^-2 (p-type). These suggest SiC (1120) is more suitable for fabricating EG with high performance.     

High-photosensitivity polymer thin-film transistors based on poly（3-hexylthiophene）

Polymer thin-film transistors(PTFTs) based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) are fabricated by the spin-coating process,and their photo-sensing characteristics are investigated under steady-state visible-light illumination.The photosensitivity of the device is strongly modulated by gate voltage under various illuminations.When the device is in the subthreshold operating mode,a significant increase in its drain current is observed with a maximum photosensitivity of 1.7×10 3 at an illumination intensity of 1200 lx,and even with a relatively high photosensitivity of 611 at a low illumination intensity of 100 lx.However,when the device is in the on-state operating mode,the photosensitivity is very low:only 1.88 at an illumination intensity of 1200 lx for a gate voltage of-20 V and a drain voltage of -20 V.The results indicate that the devices could be used as photo-detectors or sensors in the range of visible light.The modulation mechanism of the photosensitivity in the PTFT is discussed in detail.     

QCD Sum Rules Study of X（4350）

The QCD sum rule approach is used to analyze the nature of the recently observed new resonance X （4350）, which is assumed to be a diquark-antidiquark state [cs][cs] with jPC = 1-＋. The interpolating current representing this state is proposed. In the calculation, contributions of operators up to dimension six are included in the operator product expansion （OPE）, as well as terms which are linear in the strange quark mass ms. We find ml-＋ = （4.82 ~ 0.19） GeV, which is not compatible with the X（4350） structure as a 1-＋ tetraquark state. Finally, we also discuss the difference of a four-quark state＇s mass whether the state＇s interpolating current has a definite charge conjugation.     

Darboux Transformations to （2＋1）-Dimensional Lattice Systems

Two (2 1)-dimensional (3D) lattice systems are proposed in view of the compatibility of 2D lattice systems in the same hierarchy. Furthermore, the Darboux transformation (DT) method is generalized to the case of 3D lattice equations. As a consequence, some exact solutions for the resulting discrete systems are presented.     

In First Time:Synthesis and Spectroscopic Interpretations of Manganese（Ⅱ）,Nickel（Ⅱ）and Mercury（Ⅱ）Clidinium Bromide Drug Complexes

Clidinium is a synthetic anticholinergic agent which has been shown in experimental and clinical studies to have an antispasmodic and antisecretory effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Inhibits the muscarinic effects of acetylcholine at neurotransmitter sites after parasympathetic ganglia. It is used to treat peptic ulcer disease and to help relieve stomach or stomach cramps or cramps due to abdominal cramps, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Mononuclear complexes of the manganese(Ⅱ), nickel(Ⅱ) and mercury(Ⅱ) with clidinium bromide drug (C₂₂H₂₆NO₃) types [M(C₂₂H₂₅NO₃)₂(H₂O)₄] and [Hg(C₂₂H₂₅NO₃)₂(H₂O)₂] where M=Mn (Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ), have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, magnetic, electronic, 1H-NMR and infrared spectral studies. The complexes confirm to 1∶2 stoichiometry and are non-electrolytes. The clidinium drug ligand (C₂₂H₂₆NO₃) act as a deprotonated monovalent monodentate chelate coordinating through hydroxyl oxygen where IR spectral bands of clidinium bromide shows a band at 3 226 cm-1 assigned to the OH group stretching frequency, this band ν(O-H) stretching vibration motion is disappeared in case of the infrared spectra of the Mn(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), and Hg(Ⅱ) complexes suggesting the involvement of the oxygen atom of the deprotonated OH group of clidinium ligand in complexation. The band for the ν(C-O) of alcoholic group of clidinium that appears at 1 240 cm-1 has blue shifted after complexity, indicating the participation of the alcoholic group in the coordination . 1H NMR spectrum for clidinium bromide show a singlet peak at 3.65 ppm due to proton of OH group which isn’t observed in the spectrum of mercury(Ⅱ) complex referring to the deprotonation of OH group and participated in the complexation. Based on electronic spectra, IR spectra and magnetic moment measurements; six coordinated octahedral structures have been proposed for the manganese and nickel(Ⅱ) complexes, while mercury(Ⅱ) complex has a four coordinated geometry. Thermogravimetric analyses studies revealed the presence of coordinated water molecules. For instance the X-ray powder diffraction pattern and scanning electronic microscopy for the Hg(Ⅱ) complex deduced that it was isolated in nanostructured with crystallinity form.