Spherically confined two-electron atoms immersed in Debye plasma

The effect of spatial confinement in the presence of plasma environment on the dipole allowed transition properties for the first five helium-like atoms (He through C⁴⁺) is studied. The Debye screening describes the effect of plasma. Additionally, the effect of a spatial confinement (as, for example, it is in the case of atoms surrounded by liquid helium) is described by locating the atom in the center of a spherical box. Time-dependent variation perturbation theory is applied to estimate the orbital energies, polarizabilities, transition energies, oscillator strengths, and transition probabilities. The effect of spatial confinement in the plasma environment shows interesting features. The decrease of the radius of confinement exerts pressure within the system and produces instability in the energy values ultimately ionizing the system. The ionization pressures at different plasma screenings are estimated. The ionization pressure at zero Debye screening for helium agrees with existing data.     

Many-body study of van der Walls interaction involving lithium and rare-gas atoms and its contribution to hyperfine shifts

Using linked cluster many-body perturbation theory, the frequency-dependent dipole polarizabilitiesa(ω) has been calculated for the lithium atom. The value ofa(ω) at the static limit (169.04a ₀ ³ ) matches well with other available theoretical values and experimental results. These values have been used to calculate the van der Waals constants for interactions of lithium, helium and neon atoms. The values of the van der Waals constants for dipole-dipole interaction in atomic units are −22.9, −44.8, −1465.8, 184950.0, 2011.8, 3896.5, 30.3, 59.0 and 115.1 for Li-He, Li-Ne, Li-Li, Li-Li-Li, Li-Li-He, Li-Li-Ne, Li-He-He, Li-He-Ne and Li-Ne-Ne interactions respectively. Obtaining the suitable response functions for lithium and helium atoms, the long range contribution to Δa(r)/a ₀ in the study of fractional frequency shift in hyperfine pressure and temperature shift measurements is obtained as −541 atomic units.     

Electric dipole moments of lithium atoms in Rydberg states

Recently, the diverse properties of Rydberg atoms, which probably arise from its large electric dipole moment(EDM),have been explored. In this paper, we report electric dipole moments along with Stark energies and charge densities of lithium Rydberg states in the presence of electric fields, calculated by matrix diagonalization. Huge electric dipole moments are discovered. In order to check the validity of the EDMs, we also use these electric dipole moments to calculate the Stark energies by numerical integration. The results agree with those calculated by matrix diagonalization.     

Photoionization of the excited He atom in Debye plasmas

We present theoretical photoionization cross sections for He 1s2s ¹S and He 1s2p ¹P states in a Debye plasma environment by the complex coordinate rotation method, using a finite L² basis set constructed from one electron Laguerre orbitals. The plasma environment is found to appreciably influence the photoionization cross sections near the ionization threshold. In this regard, the photoionization cross sections of isolated He are compared with other theoretical and experimental results. Our results are in good agreement with the previous results. A new minimum appears in the photoionization cross section curve for the metastable 1s2s ¹S state. Results are given for the S- and D-wave partial photoionization for the excited 1s2p ¹P state.     

Time-dependent perturbation calculations for transition properties of two-electron atoms under Debye plasma

Systematic investigation have been performed for the dynamic polarizabilities, energy levels, oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for the first few members of helium isoelectronic series He, Li⁺,Be²⁺,B³⁺ and C⁴⁺ embedded in the Debye plasma. The effect of plasma is described by introducing an exponential screening (the Debye screening) to the nuclear Coulomb potential. Systematic trend is observed for all the properties under study with respect to increased screening. The ionization potential decreases with an increased screening and the number of bound excited states supported by the Debye screened potential is finite.     

Critical radius and dipole polarizability for a confined system

The analytical transfer matrix method (ATMM) is applied to calculating the critical radius $r_{\rm c}$ and the dipole polarizability $\alpha_{\rm d}$ in two confined systems: the hydrogen atom and the Hulth\'{e}n potential. We find that there exists a linear relation between $r_{\rm c}^{1/2}$ and the quantum number $n_{r}$ for a fixed angular quantum number $l$, moreover, the three bounds of $\alpha_{\rm d}$ ($\alpha_{\rm d}^{K}$, $\alpha_{\rm d}^{B}$, $\alpha_{\rm d}^{U}$) satisfy an inequality: $\alpha_{\rm d}^{K}\leq\alpha_{\rm d}^{B}\leq\alpha_{\rm d}^{U}$. A comparison between the ATMM, the exact numerical analysis, and the variational wavefunctions shows that our method works very well in the systems.     

Polarizabilities and Hyperpolarizabilities for Lithium Atoms in Debye Plasmas

The effects of plasma environments on energies, oscillator strengths, polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities for lithium atom have been calculated by combining the l-dependent model potential of free lithium atom and linear variation method based on B-spline basis functions. The influence of plasma on lithium atom is represented by the Debye screened potential, which describes effectively the averaged effect of the plasma environment on atomic spectra. The results are in agreement with other reported ones.     

电偶极子的三种实用的基本模型

鉴于电极辐射的重要性，介绍了电偶极振子的三种实用的模型，并给出了有启发性的几道例题。     

二次等效法求三层媒质中静态电偶极子的场分布

在唯一性原理的基础上,提出采用二次等效的方法,求解三层平行媒质模型下,位于中间层的静态水平电偶极子在其他层媒质中产生的电场分布的解析表达式．也就是先经过一次等效求出场源同层时的场分布,然后利用二次等效将三层模型等效为两层模型,进而利用镜像法求出场分布．所得标量电位分布的表达式被证明是满足边界条件的,由此说明推导结果的有效性．并在实验室中模拟空气一海水一海床三层模型,对位于海水中的静态水平电偶极子在海水和海床中的标量电位进行了实测,并利用实验参数进行了仿真分析．实测结果和仿真分析相符合,表明推导结果的正确性．研究所得场分布表达式为以静态电偶极子为基本模拟体的电场分布的数学模拟、场分布特征分析等应用奠定了理论基础．     

电偶极子与单摆

电偶极子是电磁学基本模型之一,其电场强度分布颇有特点.通常教材要么给出电势然后做梯度计算,要么通过矢量叠加直接给出场强,推导比较数学化,学生难以对偶极子场强特点和物理图像获得直观理解.本文把熟知的力学单摆和偶极子联系起来,通过力电类比给出偶极子电场的两种形式,特别是不依赖坐标的场强形式,清楚阐明了各分量特点,还给出类比...     

电偶极振子电场的图示(续)

6　电偶极振子的Ｅｃ 线图图 2中Ｆ(ｒ,π/2 ,ｔ)图线的零点 ,极值点、拐点等反映了什么 ?为说明这些问题我们需先作电偶极振子的Ｅｃ 线图 .在 φ =φ0 (定值 )的平面内 ,Ｅｃ 线满足的微分方程是ｄｒＥｃｒ=ｒｄθＥｃθ将式 ( 4)代入上式 ,消去相同因子 ,得ｄｒ2ｃｏｓθ=ｒｄθｓｉｎθ即 ｄｒｒ =2 ｃｏｓθｄθｓｉｎθ =ｄ(ｓｉｎ2 θ)ｓｉｎ2 θ解上式得 1ｒｓｉｎ2 θ=恒量 ( 1 4′)或　Ｇ(ｒ,θ) =1ｋｒｓｉｎ2 θ=Ｋ(恒量 )　　 ( 1 4 )式 ( 1 4 )中ｋ仍为 ｗｃ,值得注意Ｅｃ 线形状不随时间变化 .用类似于求Ｅ线的作图法画出Ｅ…     

Characterizing optical dipole trap via fluorescence of trapped cesium atoms

Optical dipole trap (ODT) is becoming an important tool of manipulating neutral atoms. In this paper ODT is realized with a far-off resonant laser beam strongly focused in the magneto-optical trap (MOT) of cesium atoms. The light shift is measured by simply monitoring the fluorescence of the atoms in the magneto-optical trap and the optical dipole trap simultaneously. The advantages of our experimental scheme are discussed, and the effect of the beam waist and power on the potential of dipole trap as well as heating rate is analyzed.     

Static electric dipole polarizabilities of Na clusters

The static electric dipole polarizability of Na _N clusters with even N has been calculated in a collective, axially averaged and a three-dimensional, finite-field approach for , including the ionic structure of the clusters. The validity of a collective model for the static response of small systems is demonstrated. Our density functional calculations verify the trends and fine structure seen in a recent experiment. A pseudopotential that reproduces the experimental bulk bond length and atomic energy levels leads to a substantial increase in the calculated polarizabilities, in better agreement with experiment. We relate remaining differences in the magnitude of the theoretical and experimental polarizabilities to the finite temperature present in the experiments. Received 8 November 1999     

Atom interferometry measurement of the electric polarizability of lithium

Using an atom interferometer, we have measured the static electric polarizability of ⁷Li α=(24.33 ±0.16)×10^-30 m³ = 164.2±1.1 atomic units with a 0.66% uncertainty. Our experiment, which is similar to an experiment done on sodium in 1995 by Pritchard and co-workers, consists in applying an electric field on one of the two interfering beams and measuring the resulting phase-shift. With respect to Pritchard's experiment, we have made several improvements which are described in detail in this paper: the capacitor design is such that the electric field can be calculated analytically; the phase sensitivity of our interferometer is substantially better, near 16 mrad/ ; finally our interferometer is species selective so that impurities present in our atomic beam (other alkali atoms or lithium dimers) do not perturb our measurement. The extreme sensitivity of atom interferometry is well illustrated by our experiment: our measurement amounts to measuring a slight increase Δv of the atom velocity v when it enters the electric field region and our present sensitivity is sufficient to detect a variation Δv/v ≈6 ×10^-13.     

Debye屏蔽对碳等离子体电荷态丰度分布的影响

基于组态相互作用方法,使用Debye模型研究了等离子体屏蔽效应对碳离子结构和不同电荷态离子丰度分布的影响.以类氦碳离子(C V)的1s_(1/2)~2→(1s_(1/2)ns_(1/2))_1(n=2,3,4,5)磁偶极(M1)跃迁为例,详细研究了Debye屏蔽因子对跃迁几率的影响.研究了离子丰度分布随屏蔽因子的变化,结果表明在相同的等离体温度和密度条件下,考虑了屏蔽效应的离子丰度分布整体向低电离度的离子偏移,平均电离度降低.     

New insights into the neutron electric dipole moment

We analyze the CP-violating electric dipole form factor of the nucleon in the framework of covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory. We give a new upper bound on the vacuum angle, |θ₀|?2.5×¹⁰⁻¹⁰$|{\theta }_0|?2.5\times {10}^{-10}$. The quark mass dependence of the electric dipole moment is discussed and compared to lattice QCD data. We also perform the matching between its representations in the three- and two-flavor theories.     

运动介质的电偶极矩与磁矩

在推导出介质的极化强度与磁化强度的坐标变换公式的基础上,分析导出了运动介质的电偶极矩与磁矩.     

平行电磁场中的Rydberg锂原子吸收谱的模型势计算

用B样条基组展开方法结合模型势计算了Rydberg锂原子在平行电磁场下的振子强度谱. 径向和角向均采用高阶Ｂ样条基组.计算结果与已有的实验结果符合得很好.利用分波分析法,对部分谱线的振子强度的强弱进行了分析. 本文方法简单有效，易于推广到交叉电磁场中Rydberg原子的精确谱的计算. 关键词： B样条 能谱 振子强度 平行电磁场 Rydberg原子     

铯原子里德堡态Stark能量及电偶极矩的测量和理论计算

里德堡原子由于具有体积大、寿命长、易极化及在外电场中能级易于操控等特点, 已经成为了目前物理学领域研究的热点之一. 本文在磁光阱中实验测量了铯原子15P_3/2和16P_3/2态的Stark光谱,根据光谱给出了15P_3/2和16P_3/2|m|=1/2 Stark态在0-1400 V/cm场强范围适用的Stark 能量和偶极矩的经验性解析表达式; 用数值方法求解薛定谔方程获得了这些态的Stark能量、偶极矩和电子几率密度分布. 电子几率密度分布定性说明了计算的偶极矩矢量的方向是正确的. 计算的Stark能量、偶极矩与实验结果相一致.     

啁啾微波场中里德伯锂原子的相干激发与控制

运用含时多态展开方法和B-样条函数研究了微波场中里德伯锂原子高激发态的性质,得到锂原子量子态n=70-75,l=0-5的能量,并分析了里德伯锂原子高激发态n=70-75,l=0-5在微波场中的跃迁几率.结果表明:通过优化微波场参数可以实现量子系统从初始态到目标态的完全跃迁,且在跃迁过程中,每个l态都起至关重要的作用.