-regularity, -fibrant Hochschild homology, and a conjecture of Vorst

In this paper we prove that for an affine scheme essentially of finite type over a field and of dimension , -regularity implies regularity, assuming that the characteristic of is zero. This verifies a conjecture of Vorst.

     

On the size of -fold sum and product sets of integers

In this paper, we show that for all 1$"> there is a positive integer such that if is an arbitrary finite set of integers, 2$">, then either N^{b}$"> or N^{b}$">. Here (resp. ) denotes the -fold sum (resp. product) of . This fact is deduced from the following harmonic analysis result obtained in the paper. For all 2$"> and 0$">, there is a 0$"> such that if satisfies , then the -constant of (in the sense of W. Rudin) is at most .

     

The threshold for random -SAT is

Let be a random -CNF formula formed by selecting uniformly and independently out of all possible -clauses on variables. It is well known that if , then is unsatisfiable with probability that tends to 1 as . We prove that if , where , then is satisfiable with probability that tends to 1 as .

Our technique, in fact, yields an explicit lower bound for the random -SAT threshold for every . For our bounds improve all previously known such bounds.

     

Orbit equivalence for Cantor minimal -systems

We show that every minimal, free action of the group on the Cantor set is orbit equivalent to an AF-relation. As a consequence, this extends the classification of minimal systems on the Cantor set up to orbit equivalence to include AF-relations, -actions and -actions.

     

Independence of of monodromy groups

Let be a smooth curve over a finite field of characteristic , let be a number field, and let be an -compatible system of lisse sheaves on the curve . For each place of not lying over , the -component of the system is a lisse -sheaf on , whose associated arithmetic monodromy group is an algebraic group over the local field . We use Serre's theory of Frobenius tori and Lafforgue's proof of Deligne's conjecture to show that when the -compatible system is semisimple and pure of some integer weight, the isomorphism type of the identity component of these monodromy groups is ``independent of '. More precisely, after replacing by a finite extension, there exists a connected split reductive algebraic group over the number field such that for every place of not lying over , the identity component of the arithmetic monodromy group of is isomorphic to the group with coefficients extended to the local field .

     

The strange duality conjecture for generic curves

Let be a smooth connected projective algebraic curve of genus . The strange duality conjecture connects non-abelian theta functions of rank and level and those of rank and level on (for and , respectively). In this paper we prove this conjecture for generic in the moduli space of curves of genus .

     

Finite quotients of the multiplicative group of a finite dimensional division algebra are solvable

We prove that finite quotients of the multiplicative group of a finite dimensional division algebra are solvable. Let be a finite dimensional division algebra having center , and let be a normal subgroup of finite index. Suppose is not solvable. Then we may assume that is a minimal nonsolvable group (MNS group for short), i.e. a nonsolvable group all of whose proper quotients are solvable. Our proof now has two main ingredients. One ingredient is to show that the commuting graph of a finite MNS group satisfies a certain property which we denote Property . This property includes the requirement that the diameter of the commuting graph should be , but is, in fact, stronger. Another ingredient is to show that if the commuting graph of has Property , then is open with respect to a nontrivial height one valuation of (assuming without loss of generality, as we may, that is finitely generated). After establishing the openness of (when is an MNS group) we apply the Nonexistence Theorem whose proof uses induction on the transcendence degree of over its prime subfield to eliminate as a possible quotient of , thereby obtaining a contradiction and proving our main result.

     

Sieving by large integers and covering systems of congruences

An old question of Erdos asks if there exists, for each number , a finite set of integers greater than and residue classes for whose union is . We prove that if is bounded for such a covering of the integers, then the least member of is also bounded, thus confirming a conjecture of Erdos and Selfridge. We also prove a conjecture of Erdos and Graham, that, for each fixed number , the complement in of any union of residue classes , for distinct , has density at least for sufficiently large. Here is a positive number depending only on . Either of these new results implies another conjecture of Erdos and Graham, that if is a finite set of moduli greater than , with a choice for residue classes for which covers , then the largest member of cannot be . We further obtain stronger forms of these results and establish other information, including an improvement of a related theorem of Haight.

     

The number of Reidemeister moves needed for unknotting

There is a positive constant such that for any diagram representing the unknot, there is a sequence of at most Reidemeister moves that will convert it to a trivial knot diagram, where is the number of crossings in . A similar result holds for elementary moves on a polygonal knot embedded in the 1-skeleton of the interior of a compact, orientable, triangulated 3-manifold . There is a positive constant such that for each , if consists of tetrahedra and is unknotted, then there is a sequence of at most elementary moves in which transforms to a triangle contained inside one tetrahedron of . We obtain explicit values for and .

     

Groups, measures, and the NIP

We discuss measures, invariant measures on definable groups, and genericity, often in an NIP (failure of the independence property) environment. We complete the proof of the third author's conjectures relating definably compact groups in saturated -minimal structures to compact Lie groups. We also prove some other structural results about such , for example the existence of a left invariant finitely additive probability measure on definable subsets of . We finally introduce the new notion of ``compact domination" (domination of a definable set by a compact space) and raise some new conjectures in the -minimal case.

     

On the Farrell-Jones conjecture for higher algebraic -theory

We prove the Farrell-Jones Conjecture for the algebraic -theory of a group ring in the case where the group is the fundamental group of a closed Riemannian manifold with strictly negative sectional curvature. The coefficient ring is an arbitrary associative ring with unit and the result applies to all dimensions.

     

Global -regularity of Schubert varieties with applications to -modules

We prove that Schubert varieties are globally -regular in the sense of Karen Smith. We apply this result to the category of equivariant and holonomic -modules on flag varieties in positive characteristic. Here recent results of Blickle are shown to imply that the simple -modules coincide with local cohomology sheaves with support in Schubert varieties. Using a local Grothendieck-Cousin complex, we prove that the decomposition of local cohomology sheaves with support in Schubert cells is multiplicity free.

     

Quantum symmetric derivatives

For , a one-parameter family of symmetric quantum derivatives is defined for each order of differentiation as are two families of Riemann symmetric quantum derivatives. For , symmetrization holds, that is, whenever the th Peano derivative exists at a point, all of these derivatives of order also exist at that point. The main result, desymmetrization, is that conversely, for , each symmetric quantum derivative is a.e. equivalent to the Peano derivative of the same order. For and , each th symmetric quantum derivative coincides with both corresponding th Riemann symmetric quantum derivatives, so, in particular, for and , both th Riemann symmetric quantum derivatives are a.e. equivalent to the Peano derivative.

     

Potentially semi-stable deformation rings

Let be a finite extension and the absolute Galois group of . For a complete local ring with finite residue and a finite free -module equipped with an action of , we show that has a maximal quotient over which the representation is semi-stable with Hodge-Tate weights in a given range. We show an analogous result for representations which are potentially semi-stable of fixed Galois type and -adic Hodge type.

If is the universal deformation of , then we compute the dimension of and we show that these rings are sometimes smooth.

Finally we apply this theory to show, in some new cases, the compatibility of the -adic Galois representation attached to a Hilbert modular form with the local Langlands correspondence at .

     

The enumerative geometry of surfaces and modular forms

Let be a surface, and let be a holomorphic curve in representing a primitive homology class. We count the number of curves of geometric genus with nodes passing through generic points in in the linear system for any and satisfying .

When , this coincides with the enumerative problem studied by Yau and Zaslow who obtained a conjectural generating function for the numbers. Recently, Göttsche has generalized their conjecture to arbitrary in terms of quasi-modular forms. We prove these formulas using Gromov-Witten invariants for families, a degeneration argument, and an obstruction bundle computation. Our methods also apply to blown up at 9 points where we show that the ordinary Gromov-Witten invariants of genus constrained to points are also given in terms of quasi-modular forms.     

boundedness of discrete singular Radon transforms

We prove that if is a Calderón-Zygmund kernel and is a polynomial of degree with real coefficients, then the discrete singular Radon transform operator

extends to a bounded operator on , . This gives a positive answer to an earlier conjecture of E. M. Stein and S. Wainger.

     

Measurable rigidity of actions on infinite measure homogeneous spaces, II

We consider the problems of measurable isomorphisms and joinings, measurable centralizers and quotients for certain classes of ergodic group actions on infinite measure spaces. Our main focus is on systems of algebraic origin: actions of lattices and other discrete subgroups on homogeneous spaces where is a sufficiently rich unimodular subgroup in a semi-simple group . We also consider actions of discrete groups of isometries of a pinched negative curvature space , acting on the space of horospheres . For such systems we prove that the only measurable isomorphisms, joinings, quotients, etc., are the obvious algebraic (or geometric) ones. This work was inspired by the previous work of Shalom and Steger but uses completely different techniques which lead to more general results.

     

Parametrization of local CR automorphisms by finite jets and applications

For any real-analytic hypersurface , which does not contain any complex-analytic subvariety of positive dimension, we show that for every point the local real-analytic CR automorphisms of fixing can be parametrized real-analytically by their jets at . As a direct application, we derive a Lie group structure for the topological group . Furthermore, we also show that the order of the jet space in which the group embeds can be chosen to depend upper-semicontinuously on . As a first consequence, it follows that given any compact real-analytic hypersurface in , there exists an integer depending only on such that for every point germs at of CR diffeomorphisms mapping into another real-analytic hypersurface in are uniquely determined by their -jet at that point. Another consequence is the following boundary version of H. Cartan's uniqueness theorem: given any bounded domain with smooth real-analytic boundary, there exists an integer depending only on such that if is a proper holomorphic mapping extending smoothly up to near some point with the same -jet at with that of the identity mapping, then necessarily .

Our parametrization theorem also holds for the stability group of any essentially finite minimal real-analytic CR manifold of arbitrary codimension. One of the new main tools developed in the paper, which may be of independent interest, is a parametrization theorem for invertible solutions of a certain kind of singular analytic equations, which roughly speaking consists of inverting certain families of parametrized maps with singularities.

     

Compatibility of local and global Langlands correspondences

We prove the compatibility of local and global Langlands correspondences for , which was proved up to semisimplification in M. Harris and R. Taylor, The Geometry and Cohomology of Some Simple Shimura Varieties, Ann. of Math. Studies 151, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton-Oxford, 2001. More precisely, for the -dimensional -adic representation of the Galois group of an imaginary CM-field attached to a conjugate self-dual regular algebraic cuspidal automorphic representation of , which is square integrable at some finite place, we show that Frobenius semisimplification of the restriction of to the decomposition group of a place of not dividing corresponds to by the local Langlands correspondence. If is square integrable for some finite place we deduce that is irreducible. We also obtain conditional results in the case .