Adsorption of nitrous oxide on the(6,0) magnesium oxide nanotube

Nitrous oxide adsorption on the pristine（6,0） magnesium oxide nanotube was studied by using density functional theory calculations.We present the nature of the N₂O interaction in selected sites of the nanotube.Adsorption energies corresponding to adsorption of the N₂O on the nanotube were calculated to be in the range -11.67 to -22.21 kJ mol^-1.Our results indicate that the N₂O molecule has a weak physical adsorption on the pristine models due to weak Van der Waals interaction between the nanotubes and N₂O molecule.The important results can be useful in production of the N₂O sensors.     

煤炭解耦燃烧过程N迁移与转化Ⅱ:单组分气相化学反应实验

在理想平推流反应器中进行了模拟热解气对模拟烟气中NO、N₂O的还原实验研究,考察了反应温度、过剩空气系数λ、热解气中CH₄、CO、H₂、NH₃浓度、烟气中NO、N₂O浓度变化对NO、N₂O出口浓度的影响。实验结果表明,当模拟热解气仅含其中一种气体时,在反应温度973~1 223 K时热解气中CH₄、CO、H₂基本不与NO发生反应,当λ小于或等于1.0时可降低N₂O浓度0%~30%;热解气中NH₃可降低NO 10%~60%,但NH₃不与N₂O发生反应。     

煤炭解耦燃烧过程N迁移与转化Ⅲ:多组分气相化学反应实验

在理想平推流反应器中进行了模拟热解气对模拟烟气中NO、N₂O的还原实验研究,考察了反应温度、过剩空气系数,模拟热解气中CH₄、CO、H₂、NH₃入口浓度与模拟烟气中NO、N₂O入口浓度对NO、N₂O与总氮转化率的影响。结果表明,向NH₃添加可燃气体CO、H₂、CH₄可使NO还原窗口向低温方向移动150~200 K,该温度窗口为1 073~1 223 K;但NH₃-CO-H₂-CH₄-O₂体系对NO、N₂O的还原分解作用依赖于体系的O₂浓度,仅在富燃料情形(过剩空气系数λ为0.6)下可分别达60.6%、100%的NO、N₂O脱除率;在反应温度1 073~1 223 K及过剩空气系数λ为0.6条件下,较高的热解气CH₄、CO、H₂浓度可增加NO排放,但有利于还原N₂O;增加NH₃入口浓度可增加NO分解率。     

Zn-Fe尖晶石型复合氧化物催化分解N2O

用共沉淀法制备了Zn-Fe尖晶石型复合氧化物催化剂,用于有氧气氛中N₂O的分解反应;考察了复合氧化物的组成、焙烧温度及K改性对其催化活性的影响,并用氮气吸附、XRD和H₂-TPR等技术对催化剂结构进行了表征。结果表明,Zn-Fe尖晶石型复合氧化物具有良好的催化N₂O分解的活性;在优化出的Zn_0.8Fe_0.2Fe₂O₄-400催化剂上500℃下连续反应10 h时,有氧无水和有氧有水条件下N₂O转化率分别达到63.5%和22.2%。K改性Zn-Fe尖晶石型复合氧化物的催化活性均不及纯Zn-Fe氧化物,这是由于K改性催化剂的比表面积显著降低,而且K粒子迁移至催化剂表面,抑制了FeO_x的还原和表面氧物种的脱除。     

煤燃烧过程中砷与氮氧化物的反应机理

应用量子化学密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,研究了砷与氮氧化物(N_2O、NO_2和NO)的反应机理。全参数优化了各反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型,通过频率分析证实中间体和过渡态的真实性,并通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算以进一步确定过渡态。为了得到更精确的能量信息,在B2PLYP水平下计算各结构的单点能,并通过动力学参数深入分析其反应机理。结果表明,砷与三种氮氧化物(N_2O、NO_2和NO)的反应能垒分别为78.45、2.58、155.85 k J/mol。在298-1800 K,各反应速率随温度的升高而增大。由于砷与NO_2的反应能垒较低,其反应速率大于1012cm3/(mol·s),说明该反应容易发生且速率极快。砷与N_2O和NO的反应,在298-900 K,反应速率随温度的升高明显增加;当温度进一步升高,其增加的趋势有所减缓。     

N2O emission in partial nitritation-anammox process

Nitrous oxide(N2O)is one of the significant greenhouse gases,and partial nitritation-anammox(PNA)process emits higher N2O than traditional nitrogen removal processes.N2O production in PNA mainly occurs in three different pathways,i.e.,the ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB)denitrification,the hydroxylamine(NH2 OH)oxidation and heterotrophic denitrifiers denitrification.N2O emission data vary significantly because of the different operational conditions,bioreactor configurations,monitoring systems and quantitative methods.Under the common operational parameter scopes of PNA,N2O emission via NH2 OH oxidation dominates at relatively low dissolved oxygen(DO),low inorganic carbon(IC),high pH or low N02-concentration,while N2O emission via AOB denitrification dominates at relative higher DO,higher IC.lower pH or higher N2O-concentration.AOB are highly enriched while nitriteoxidizing bacteria(NOB)are rarely found in partial nitritation process,and the order Nitrosomonadales of AOB is the dominant group and N2O producer.Anammox bacteria,AOB and certain amount of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria are observed in the anammox process,the genus Denitratisoma and the heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria in the deep layer of anammox granules are the dominant N2O generation bacteria.In one-stage PNA reactors,anammox bacteria account for a large fraction of the biomass,AOB account for small portion,and NOB account for even less.The microbial community,diversity and N2O producers in one-stage PNA reactors are similar with those in two-stage PNA reactors.The dominant anammox bacteria,AOB and NOB in PNA are the species Candidatus Brocadia,the genera of Nitrotoga,Nitrospira and Nitrobacter,and the genus Nitrosomonas,respectively.The relations between N2O emission pathways and microbial communities need further study in the future.     

Effect of Cesium Modification on CuO/CeO2 Catalysts for the Catalytic Decomposition of N2O

A series of Cs-modified CuO/CeO2 mixed oxide catalysts was prepared for enhancing the stable activity of N2O decomposition.It was found that Cs modification promoted the catalytic performance of CuO/CeO2 catalysts significantly,The l%Cs-CuO/CeO2 catalyst exhibited the best activity,and the conversion of N2O reached 100%at 380℃ in the presence of 2% O2.The catalytic behaviors were investigated by means of XRD,N2 adsorption isotherms,XPS,H2-TPR(TPR:temperature-prograrmmed reduction),CO-IR,O2-TPD(TPD:temperature-programmed desorption)and diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectorscopy(DRiFTs).The results revealed that Cs modification promoted the activity and the oxygen resistance by enhancing the desorption of surface oxygen species and increasing the content of Ce^3+.CO-DRIFTs revealed that Ce^3+could efficiently facilitate the regeneration of active Cu^+sites by an oxygen migration step.The possible reaction mechanism was also discussed.     

Kinetics of thermal decomposition of nickel oxalate dihydrate in air

Thermal decomposition taking place in solid state complex, NiC₂O₄·2H₂O, has been investigated in air by means of TG–DTG/DTA, DSC, XRD. TG–DTG/DTA curves showed that the decomposition proceeds through two well-defined steps with DTA peaks closely corresponding to the weight loss obtained. XRD showed that the final decomposition product of NiC₂O₄·2H₂O was NiO. Kinetics analysis of NiC₂O₄·2H₂O decomposition steps was performed under non-isothermal conditions. The activation energies were calculated through Friedman and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods, and the most possible kinetic model function has been estimated through the multiple-linear regression method. The activation energies for the two decomposition steps of NiC₂O₄·2H₂O were 171.1 ± 4.2 and 174.4 ± 8.1 kJ/mol, respectively.     

纳米团簇Au19Pd和Au19Pt催化解离N2O

采用密度泛函理论研究Au-Pd和Au-Pt 纳米团簇催化解离N₂O. 首先根据计算得到Au₁₉Pd和Au₁₉Pt 团簇的最优构型(杂原子均位于团簇的表面). 以Au₁₉Pd催化解离N₂O为例研究催化解离的反应机理. 对此主要考虑两个反应机理, 分别是Eley-Rideal (ER)和Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH). 第一个机理中N₂O解离的能垒是1.118 eV, 并且放热0.371 eV. N₂分子脱附后, 表面剩余的氧原子沿着ER路径消除需要克服的能垒是1.920eV, 这比反应沿着LH路径的能垒高0.251 eV. 此外根据LH机理, 氧原子在表面的吸附能是-3.203 eV, 而氧原子在表面转移所需的能垒是0.113 eV, 这表明氧原子十分容易在团簇表面转移, 从而促进氧气分子的生成. 因此, LH为最优反应路径. 为了比较Au₁₉Pd和Au₁₉Pt 对N₂O解离的活性, 根据最优的反应路径来研究Au₁₉Pt 催化解离N₂O, 得到作为铂族元素的铂和钯对N₂O的解离有催化活性, 尤其是钯. 同时, 将团簇与文献中的Au-Pd合金相比较, 得到这两种团簇对N₂O 解离有较高的活性, 尤其是Au₁₉Pd团簇. 再者, O₂的脱附不再是影响反应的主要原因, 这可以进一步提高团簇解离N₂O的活性.     

Angular distributions of N2 in the photodissociation of N2O adsorbed on a partially oxidized Si(100) surface at 95 K

The time-of-flight distributions of the N₂ photofragment produced in the UV photodissociation of N₂O adsorbed on a partially oxidized Si(100) surface at 95 K have been measured as a function of the desorption angle. Photoinduced electron transfer initiates the dissociation of N₂O to produce an adsorbed oxygen atom and energetic N₂ desorbing from the surface. Interestingly, the angular distribution of N₂ originating from chemisorbed N₂O molecules is peaked at ≈ 32° from the surface normal. The results are discussed on the basis of bonding geometry and photodissociation dynamics of N₂O.     

NO reduction and CO oxidation over Cu/Ce/Mg/Al mixed oxide catalyst in FCC operation

Simultaneous NO reduction and CO oxidation in the presence of O₂, H₂O and SO₂ over Cu/Mg/Al/O (Cu-cat), Ce/Mg/Al/O (Ce-cat) and Cu/Ce/Mg/Al/O (CuCe-cat) were studied. At low temperatures (<340 °C), the presence of O₂ or H₂O enhanced the activity of CuCe-cat for NO and CO conversions, but significantly suppressed the activity of Cu-cat and Ce-cat. At high temperature (720 °C), the presence of O₂ or H₂O had no adverse effect on the NO and CO conversions over these catalysts. The addition of SO₂ to NO+CO+O₂+H₂O system had no effect on the reaction of CO+O₂ over Cu-cat, but deactivated this catalyst for NO+CO and CO+H₂O reactions; over Ce-cat, all of these reactions of NO+CO,CO+O₂ and CO+H₂O were suppressed significantly; over CuCe-cat, NO+CO and CO+O₂ reactions were not affected while the reaction of CO+H₂O was slightly inhibited.     

H_2O对SO_2在CaO表面上吸附的影响理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了H_2O对SO_2在CaO(001)表面上吸附的影响。结果表明,以四种形式(-H_2O、-H、-OH和-H-OH)存在的H_2O使SO_2在CaO表面上的吸附构型发生改变。SO_2在不同形式H_2O基团邻位吸附时,-H使S原子的p轨道态密度峰明显左移且吸附能比洁净表面大90 kJ/mol,其余基团表面吸附能无明显变化;SO_2吸附于-OH和-H-OH生成HSO_3基团,吸附能相比于洁净表面较小,可能作为暂态结构;SO_2吸附于-H_2O生成SO_3基团,H_2O断键生成的H基团起主要吸附作用,CaO表面上生成类似Ca(OH)_2的局部结构且吸附能比洁净表面大45 kJ/mol。     

N_2O在钾改性Cu-Co尖晶石型复合氧化物上的催化分解(英文)

制备了几个不同组成的Cu-Co尖晶石型复合氧化物,用于N2O分解反应,在活性较高的Cu0.8Co0.2Co2O4表面浸渍碱金属盐溶液,制备改性催化剂,考察了碱金属助剂类型、钾前驱物和钾负载量等对改性催化剂活性的影响。用BET、XRD、SEM、XPS等方法表征了催化剂结构。结果表明,几种碱金属碳酸盐改性Cu0.8Co0.2Co2O4的催化活性发生了显著变化,其中,K改性催化剂的活性有明显提高,而Cs的表面改性反而降低了催化剂活性;钾前驱物对K/Cu-Co的催化活性也有较大影响,其中,加入碳酸钾明显提高了催化剂的活性,而加入硝酸钾和醋酸钾反而降低了催化剂活性;有氧无水、有氧有水气氛中,400!C下N2O在碳酸钾改性催化剂0.05K/Cu0.8Co0.2Co2O4上的转化率分别达到了100%和87.6%;该催化剂在400!C下的恒温反应活性和稳定性均高于未改性催化剂。     

Co/Hβ催化剂上N_2O的分解性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了Hβ分子筛负载钴氧化物催化剂。考察了催化剂焙烧温度和钴负载量对催化剂催化分解N2O活性的影响,并采用XRD、NH3-TPD、H2-TPR、SEM等手段对催化剂的理化性质进行表征。结果表明,催化剂中的钴物种主要以Co3O4尖晶石型形态存在;催化剂焙烧温度显著影响其酸性和酸量及氧化还原性能,焙烧温度达到700℃后,催化剂中有难还原的Co-Al-O物种生成。焙烧温度和钴负载量对催化剂的催化活性均有影响,焙烧温度为600℃、钴负载量为10%~15%的催化剂催化活性好,N2O分解温度低,t10、t50和t95分别为325~329℃、364~367℃和406~408℃。     

O2和CO在Ni(111)表面的吸附活化

采用高分辨电子能量损失谱(HREELS)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)和低能电子衍射(LEED)研究镍单晶表面氧物种及CO与O₂的共吸附。实验结果表明,Ni(111)表面氧化后存在两种氧物种,位于54 meV能量损失峰的表面化学吸附氧物种和位于69 meV能量损失峰的表面氧化镍。首先,随着暴露氧量的增加,表面化学吸附氧物种的能量损失峰蓝移至58 meV;其次,通过真空退火及与CO相互作用考察,发现表面化学吸附氧物种较不稳定。在室温条件下,表面预吸附形成的表面化学吸附氧物种与CO共吸附,导致端位吸附CO增多,表明氧优先吸附在穴位上,随着CO暴露量的增加化学吸附氧物种与CO反应脱去;而表面氧化镍需在较高温度和较高CO分压下才能被CO还原。预吸附CO可被氧逐渐移去。     

K改性NiAl类水滑石衍生复合氧化物催化分解N2O

制备了Ni/Al=4.1(原子比)的NiAl类水滑石,焙烧获得NiAl复合氧化物,浸渍K2CO3溶液制备了K改性NiAl复合氧化物催化剂,其中K/Ni=0.05~0.2(原子比),用于N2O催化分解反应.通过元素分析、XRD、BET、H2-TPR、XPS等技术表征了催化剂的组成结构,考察了NiAl类水滑石的预处理方式、...     

WO3的引入对MnOx-Fe2O3催化剂上NH3-SCR反应中N2选择性的促进作用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同含量钨修饰的MnO_x-Fe₂O₃催化剂,重点考察WO₃的引入对NH₃-SCR反应中N₂选择性的影响,通过XRD、BET、XPS、H₂-TPR、Raman和In situ DRIFTS等手段对催化剂的物理化学性质进行表征。结果表明,钨的引入显著提高NH₃-SCR的N₂选择性,当WO₃质量分数为15%时,具有最佳的NH₃-SCR催化性能,且在50-250℃条件下N₂O浓度始终低于0.003%。这主要是由于适量WO₃的引入,导致催化剂物相由α-Fe₂O₃向γ-Fe₂O₃转变,并与锰相互作用形成新的无定型MnWO₄,获得较大的比表面积;使得Mn⁴⁺/（Mn³⁺+Mn⁴⁺）比例减少但Fe²⁺及表面化学吸附氧（O_α）含量增加,从而降低催化剂氧化性;增强催化剂表面的Lewis酸性位点的含量及强度,增强NH₃的吸附,促进了SCR反应,同时抑制了NO₂深度氧化形成硝酸盐物种,降低硝酸盐物种还原产生的副产物N₂O含量,从而显著提高WO₃-MnO_x-Fe₂O₃催化剂在NH₃-SCR中的N₂选择性。     

Reactions of acyl nitroso compounds with amines: Production of nitroxyl (HNO) with the preparation of amides

Oxidation of hydroxamic acids in the presence of amines generates nitrous oxide (N₂O) and the corresponding amide. The identification of N₂O suggests the intermediacy of nitroxyl (HNO). Retro-Diels Alder dissociation of cyclopentadiene-acyl nitroso compound cycloadducts releases N₂O with amide formation.     

The back-titration of chemisorbed atomic oxygen on copper by carbon monoxide investigated by microcalorimetry and transient kinetics

The back-titration of atomic oxygen chemisorbed on metallic copper using carbon monoxide is investigated by microcalorimetry. Results from simulations based on a microkinetic model of the back-titration are used for processing of microcalorimetric data. In addition, surface oxidation of copper by nitrous oxide is investigated by microcalorimetry. The results are compared with results obtained by nitrous oxide reactive frontal chromatography and by static oxygen adsorption studied by microcalorimetry. The heat of adsorption of nitrous oxide on copper amounts to 304 kJ mol⁻¹, and the heat of adsorption of carbon monoxide on surfaceoxidized copper is in the range from 120 to 70 kJ mol⁻¹.     

K改性的Pt/Al2O3催化剂上CO氧化反应：反应动力学和红外光谱研究

CO氧化不仅具有重要的实用价值,而且在基础研究中被用于考察反应机理及催化剂结构敏感性等一些重要问题,因此,该反应在催化领域中具有重要意义. Pt基催化剂被广泛应用于CO氧化反应.其催化活性取决于催化剂的制备方法.其中,碱金属如Na、K等助剂的添加可有效促进催化活性,红外光谱证据表明,其促进作用在于碱金属的添加可降低CO与表面Pt原子的相互作用.尽管如此,催化剂上反应动力学证据却十分缺乏.反应动力学的研究可以提供一些本证反应信息如反应基元步骤、反应速率表达式以及反应机理等.通过对比不同催化剂之间的反应动力学行为,可以进一步解释碱金属对催化剂结构以及反应行为的影响.因此在本工作中,我们制备了一系列以K为助剂的Pt/Al2O3催化剂,并进行了CO氧化的反应动力学研究,考察了助剂对CO反应级数和反应活化能的影响.结合原位红外光谱表征,进一步揭示了助剂在反应中的作用.通过对比不同Pt和K含量的催化剂上CO氧化反应活性,我们发现, K的添加能促进反应活性,且随着催化剂中K含量的增加,促进程度越明显.例如,0.42K-2Pt/Al2O3上T50温度比对应的2Pt/Al2O3降低了30oC.不同催化剂上CO氧化的反应动力学实验表明,反应速率随着CO的分压的增加而降低;但随着O2分压的增加而增大.幂函数反应速率表达式推导得到的反应级数发现,对于含K的催化剂其CO的反应级数(约为–0.2)明显比不含K的催化剂(约为–0.5)中高,说明K的添加减弱了CO与表面Pt原子之间的吸附能力.但对O2的反应级数影响较小.例如：在0.42K-2.0Pt/Al2O3上反应速率表达式为r =6.55′10–7pco–0.22po20.63;而在2.0Pt/Al2O3上为r =2.56′10–7pco–0.53po20.70.表观反应活化能的计算表明,含K的催化剂上表观反应活化能较低,进一步说明K的添加有利于反应进行.根据反应速率表达式,我们进行了基元步骤的推导,并计算了反应动力学参数.结果发现,与不含K的催化剂相比,含K的催化剂中本征反应速率常数明显增加,而CO吸附平衡常数降低了一半,表明K的存在使CO在Pt表面上的覆盖度降低.我们还通过原位红外光谱对比了催化剂上CO吸附行为的差异.数据表明,与不含K的催化剂相比, K的添加一方面降低了CO在催化剂表面的吸附量(峰面积变小);另一方面显著降低了CO在Pt表面上的脱附温度,说明两者之间的相互作用力减弱.综上所述,通过反应动力学和红外光谱实验,我们认为K助剂与表面Pt原子相互作用后生成了较为稳定的Pt–O–K物种.尽管该物种的具体结构目前还不明确,但我们的实验证据表明,该物种的存在可以有效减弱CO与表面Pt原子之间的相互作用,降低CO的表面覆盖度并有利于O2在Pt表面的竞争吸附,从而降低了表面吸附的CO与O2之间反应的能垒,促进了反应性能.