Focusing and decreasing the effective emittance of hollow charge particle beams by octupole magnetic lenses

A possibility to focus a (hollow) charged particle ring beam and to decrease the effective emittance by the octupole magnetic lenses is shown. The particle dynamics was studied in the case of collective accelerator (KUTI-20) ion beam. The calculation confirmed the fitness of octupole lenses in the hollow beam optics.The authors thank prof. V. P. Sarantsev and dr. A. D. Dymnikov for valuable discussions.     

多脉冲电子束发射度测量

采用多孔板并结合电子束在石英片相互作用产生的契仑柯夫辐射,对以天鹅绒为阴极发射的强流多脉冲电子束发射度和亮度进行了实验研究和测量。实验观测到了有外加磁场条件下的电子束发生旋转现象。对于电子能量为600 kV左右的电子束,多孔板处的磁场小于2.7 mT时,电子束元的偏离已经小于2°。分别测量了天鹅绒阴极发射的强流四脉冲电子束和双脉冲电子束的积分亮度,分别为7.5×107 A/(m·rad)2和4.14×108 A/(m·rad)2。结果表明,双脉冲电子束的积分亮度明显优于四脉冲电子束的积分亮度,进而验证了阴极等离子体对多脉冲电子束亮度具有重要影响,降低了电子束的品质。     

多脉冲电子束发射度测量

采用多孔板并结合电子束在石英片相互作用产生的契仑柯夫辐射,对以天鹅绒为阴极发射的强流多脉冲电子束发射度和亮度进行了实验研究和测量。实验观测到了有外加磁场条件下的电子束发生旋转现象。对于电子能量为600 kV左右的电子束,多孔板处的磁场小于2.7 mT时,电子束元的偏离已经小于2°。分别测量了天鹅绒阴极发射的强流四脉冲电子束和双脉冲电子束的积分亮度,分别为7.5×107A/(m.rad)2和4.14×108A/(m.rad)2。结果表明,双脉冲电子束的积分亮度明显优于四脉冲电子束的积分亮度,进而验证了阴极等离子体对多脉冲电子束亮度具有重要影响,降低了电子束的品质。     

强流柱对称相对论电子束的势能与发射度

推导了柱对称相对论电子束在漂移管内的空间电荷势及相互作用势能,分析了势能在束流传输过程中的变化规律,并与束流均方根发射度的变化方程比较。指出一部分势能随束流传输过程中包络振荡而呈现出可逆的变化;而另一部分势能则在束流传输系统及束流本身非线性力的作用下,随着电荷密度分布变化而转为电荷横向热运动能量,从而导致束流归一化发射度的增长,这种转化是一个不可逆的过程。     

Halo formation and emittance growth of positron beams in plasmas

An ultrarelativistic 28.5 GeV, 700-microm-long positron bunch is focused near the entrance of a 1.4-m-long plasma with a density n(e) between approximately equal to 10(13) and approximately equal to 5 x 10(14) cm(-3). Partial neutralization of the bunch space charge by the mobile plasma electrons results in a reduction in transverse size by a factor of approximately equal to 3 in the high emittance plane of the beam approximately equal to 1 m downstream from the plasma exit. As n(e) increases, the formation of a beam halo containing approximately 40% of the total charge is observed, indicating that the plasma focusing force is nonlinear. Numerical simulations confirm these observations. The bunch with an incoming transverse size ratio of approximately 3 and emittance ratio of approximately 5 suffers emittance growth and exits the plasma with approximately equal sizes and emittances.     

强流柱对称相对论电子束的势能与发射度

推导了柱对称相对论电子束在漂移管内的空间电荷势及相互作用势能,分析了势能在束流传输过程中的变化规律,并与束流均方根发射度的变化方程比较。指出一部分势能随束流传输过程中包络振荡而呈现出可逆的变化;而另一部分势能则在束流传输系统及束流本身非线性力的作用下,随着电荷密度分布变化而转为电荷横向热运动能量,从而导致束流归一化发射度的增长,这种转化是一个不可逆的过程。     

Drift compression of an intense neutralized ion beam

Longitudinal compression of a velocity-tailored, intense neutralized beam at 300 keV, 25 mA has been demonstrated. The compression takes place in a 1-2 m drift section filled with plasma to provide space-charge neutralization. An induction cell produces a head-to-tail velocity ramp that longitudinally compresses the neutralized beam, enhancing the beam peak current by a factor of 50 and producing a pulse duration of about 3 ns. This measurement has been confirmed independently with two different diagnostic systems.     

电扫描型单缝单丝强流离子束发射度测量仪

 介绍了一台基于电偏转扫描方法的强流离子束发射度仪,讨论了发射度仪硬件的系统构成和设计要点,该发射度仪采用阶梯型电压对通过前缝的束流进行扫描来获得束流散角信息。并对测量计算软件和数据处理方法进行了介绍,采用了先扣除本底,再设置阈值的方法进行数据处理。处理后的数据利用程序可获得均方根和边界发射度、束斑大小、最大正负散角以及发射度相图。利用该发射度仪对ECR离子源引出的强流质子束的发射度进行了测量,并对测量数据进行了分析。对于引出电压为50 kV、脉冲重复频率为166 Hz、脉冲宽度为1 ms、平均束流强度为4 mA的质子脉冲束,其归一化均方根发射度为0.27 pmm·mrad。     

电扫描型单缝单丝强流离子束发射度测量仪

介绍了一台基于电偏转扫描方法的强流离子束发射度仪,讨论了发射度仪硬件的系统构成和设计要点,该发射度仪采用阶梯型电压对通过前缝的束流进行扫描来获得束流散角信息。并对测量计算软件和数据处理方法进行了介绍,采用了先扣除本底,再设置阈值的方法进行数据处理。处理后的数据利用程序可获得均方根和边界发射度、束斑大小、最大正负散角以及发射度相图。利用该发射度仪对ECR离子源引出的强流质子束的发射度进行了测量,并对测量数据进行了分析。对于引出电压为50 kV、脉冲重复频率为166 Hz、脉冲宽度为1 ms、平均束流强度为4 mA的质子脉冲束,其归一化均方根发射度为0.27 pmm·mrad。     

胡椒孔法在强流脉冲离子束中的发射度测量

真空弧离子源的引出束流具有低能、强流等特点,当离子源工作在单脉冲模式时,被广泛采用的缝-杯式和Alison式发射度测量方法不再适用。采用基于成像板的胡椒孔法测量了真空弧离子源的发射度。初步研制了胡椒孔法发射度测量装置,利用该装置测量了引出电压为64 kV时脉冲束流的发射度和发射相图。在x方向和y方向,测得归一化均方根发射度分别为6.41,4.61 mmmrad。测量结果表明该真空弧离子源在64 kV时的归一化发射度远大于其他类型的离子源的发射度。     

胡椒孔法在强流脉冲离子束中的发射度测量

真空弧离子源的引出束流具有低能、强流等特点,当离子源工作在单脉冲模式时,被广泛采用的缝-杯式和Alison式发射度测量方法不再适用。采用基于成像板的胡椒孔法测量了真空弧离子源的发射度。初步研制了胡椒孔法发射度测量装置,利用该装置测量了引出电压为64 kV时脉冲束流的发射度和发射相图。在x方向和y方向,测得归一化均方根发射度分别为6.41,4.61 mmmrad。测量结果表明该真空弧离子源在64 kV时的归一化发射度远大于其他类型的离子源的发射度。     

Dynamics of neutralized charged particle beams in external magnetic and self fields

The dynamics of charged particle beams under the influence of their self-magnetic field and an external magnetic field is examined on the basis of equations for the trajectory of a boundary particle. A study is made of the change in the dynamics of fast particles due to the influence of the electric field of the partially neutralized space charge of the beam, the stationary electric field, and the field of the oscillations in the quasineutral beam plasma. Changes in the total beam energy caused by the self-electric field and in the longitudinal velocity owing to the self-magnetic field are taken into account. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 68, 106–109 (August 1998)     

Ultralow emittance, multi-MeV proton beams from a laser virtual-cathode plasma accelerator

The laminarity of high-current multi-MeV proton beams produced by irradiating thin metallic foils with ultraintense lasers has been measured. For proton energies >10 MeV, the transverse and longitudinal emittance are, respectively, <0.004 mm mrad and <10(-4) eV s, i.e., at least 100-fold and may be as much as 10(4)-fold better than conventional accelerator beams. The fast acceleration being electrostatic from an initially cold surface, only collisions with the accelerating fast electrons appear to limit the beam laminarity. The ion beam source size is measured to be <15 microm (FWHM) for proton energies >10 MeV.     

Low emittance, high brilliance relativistic electron beams from a laser-plasma accelerator

Progress in laser wakefield accelerators indicates their suitability as a driver of compact free-electron lasers (FELs). High brightness is defined by the normalized transverse emittance, which should be less than 1π mm mrad for an x-ray FEL. We report high-resolution measurements of the emittance of 125 MeV, monoenergetic beams from a wakefield accelerator. An emittance as low as 1.1±0.1π mm mrad is measured using a pepper-pot mask. This sets an upper limit on the emittance, which is comparable with conventional linear accelerators. A peak transverse brightness of 5×101? A m?1 rad?1 makes it suitable for compact XUV FELs.     

Multicomponent vacuum-arc ion beams

The paper generalizes the results of research on pulsed-periodic generation of multicomponent ion streams in sources based on vacuum arc discharge. Methods are considered for forming composition-and-energy controlled multicomponent beams for multielement ion implantation in Raduga sources. The features and laws governing the emission properties of wide-aperture ion sources with plasma generation by evaporation of a material in a cathode spot are discussed. A comparative analysis is made of the physical laws and possibilities of forming one-element or multielement ion beams during extraction from a free plasma boundary under conditions when a virtual anode exists and a positive voltage drop near the anode exists in the vacuum-arc-discharge plasma.Scientific-Research Institute of Nuclear Physics at the Tomsk Polytechnical University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 34–52, March, 1994.     

Pulsed high-current ion beams

Conclusions The review which has been conducted of the contemporary state of high-current ion technology permits making the following estimate of the prospects for each of the trends of HCIB generation for specific goals. It is evident that magnetically insulated diodes providing multiple operating conditions and maximum HCIB voltages are more preferable for the realization of inertial CTF. At the same time the low-impedance mode condition of the triode is preferable for use in equipment with plasma heating.In the final analysis, the future of each of the HCIB generation technologies discussed in the plan for their utilization for CTF or a different area of science and engineering will depend on their economic profitability.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 83–105, October, 1979.In conclusion, the author apologizes for papers which have been omitted from this review, which is due to the limited scope of the review and the unavoidable lag of any review behind the pace of completed investigations.     

Laser acceleration of ion beams

We consider methods of charged particle acceleration by means of high-intensity lasers. As an application we discuss a laser booster for heavy ion beams provided, e.g., by the Dubna nuclotron. Simple estimates show that a cascade of crossed laser beams can provide additional acceleration to gold ions of the order of GeV/nucleon. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Design of magnet and control of the beam emittance for Penning H^- ion source

The design requirement and principle of the deflection magnet for Magnetron and Penning H- ion source are discussed. It is proved that there exists a maximum emittance for the beam that may be transformed by the magnet into a state with equal Twiss parameters of αr =αy and βr =βy, which is the requisite condition to get a minimum emittance at the entrance of RFQ after transporting by a LEBT with solenoids. For this maximum emittance, the corresponding magnetic field gradient index is 1.     

Design of magnet and control of the beam emittance for Penning H- ion source

The design requirement and principle of the deflection magnet for Magnetron and Penning H- ion source are discussed.It is proved that there exists a maximum emittance for the beam that may be transformed by the magnet into a state with equal Twiss parameters of αr=αy and βr =βy,which is the requisite condition to get a minimum emittance at the entrance of RFQ after transporting by a LEBT with solenoids.For this maximum emittance,the corresponding magnetic field gradient index is 1.