苏州地区化学教师对实施探究实验忧虑的调查分析

为了解中学化学教师对探究实验的评价、信息、课堂管理及实施后果等方面的忧虑,对已有问卷修改和补充,组成了苏州地区化学教师对探究实验忧虑的问卷并实施了调查与分析。提出促进化学探究实验实施的策略是提高学生知识储备和实验技能;积极利用与开发高质量的探究实验课题;设置探究实验小组,尝试开放化学实验室;开展探究教学研究,促进教师专业发展等。     

评课堂演示实验教学的板书设计一例

如何进行化学课堂演示实验教学的板书设计,摘选了关于“钠“的课堂演示实验教学的板书内容为案例,分析了板书设计理念、方法和技巧,并通过点评的方式推荐了一种关于化学课堂演示实验教学的板书设计的模式。     

云教学在化学师范生数字化实验课中的应用研究*

结合本校化学教学论实验的教学现状,融合云教学及翻转课堂理念对教学进行重构,设计并实施以“蓝墨云班课”云平台为师生互动桥梁的翻转课堂云教学。以中学化学数字化实验教学为例,让化学师范生以“学习者”和“未来教师”的双重角色体验翻转课堂云教学的学习过程,并利用SERVQUAL模型评价法对云教学进行数据分析、反馈完善。通过进一步问卷分析,了解到学生不仅熟练地掌握了所学知识内容,而且对翻转课堂模式与实施细节有了更为深刻的理解,最后对翻转课堂云教学及师范生教学提出了几点建议。     

化学师范生微格教学导入技能LICC课堂观察评价表的建构和应用

课堂观察模式是近年研究出的一种听评课范式。从学生学习(L)、教师教学(I)、课程性质(C)、课堂文化(C)4个维度构建导入技能LICC课堂观察评价表,将其运用于2010级、2011级化学师范生进行导入技能教学评价。通过统计,分析出师范生训练导入技能过程中存在的问题,针对师范生教学给出了相应的教学建议,以达到提高师范生教学技能的目的。     

模型辅助教学对化学高师生实验演示技能培养的影响研究

选择2012级和2013级化学高师生为实验对象,对实验组学生进行教学干预即采用模型辅助教学,对照组按照正常教学安排进行。结果显示实验组学生在实验演示技能及其各个环节上的进步显著性高于对照组。模型辅助教学有效地促进了化学高师生实验演示技能的提升。     

加拿大Humphreys教授在北京举行化学教学问题讲座(1985.10)

加拿大Mcmaster大学化学系教授、加拿大化学会教育委员会前主席D.D.Humphreys应邀在北京钢铁学院举行化学教学问题讲座。题目共十个;1.实验的意义;2.课堂演示实验的作用;3.如何教授百人的大班;4.培养解决问题技能的发展;5.不讲课的教学方式和方法;6.如何开设更好的课程;7.选择评定教     

翻转课堂及其对高师院校化学教学论教学改革的启示

阐述了翻转课堂的含义、发展、特点、模式和国内外教学实验案例;从教学内容、教学结构、师生角色、评价方式和技术平台方面探讨了翻转课堂下化学教学论教学改革的思路;以"说课"为例进行教学设计,分析了翻转课堂下化学教学论的具体实施。     

化学课堂探究教学“制订计划”的评价

为了解化学课堂探究教学“制订计划”的有效性,在课堂观察与分析的基础上,提出化学课堂探究教学“制订计划”系统分析量表,并结合具体化学课堂探究教学,从计划制订的主体、计划制订的过程、计划内容本身等3个方面解析了“制订计划”环节。结果启示：化学课堂探究教学“制订计划”系统分析量表能科学有效地指导化学课堂探究教学,特别是其“制订计划”的设计、实施与评价。     

化学实验装置设计的课堂呈现方式研究

设计、评价或改进实验装置方案教学是全面检测学生化学科学素养的重要手段之一。目前化学实验装置设计的课堂教学中,学生设计装置的思维产品受限于实验器材难以大面积进入课堂,多止步于黑板板书或纸平面。尝试比较、使用了仪器操作法、学案分步法、演示文稿法、仿真实验软件和纸卡仪器法等不同课堂呈现方式实现化学实验装置设计,取得了较好的教学效果。     

翻转课堂在医学院校卫生化学实验教学中的应用

将翻转课堂教学模式引入到预防医学专业卫生化学实验课中,以“高效液相色谱法测定饮料中的山梨酸与苯甲酸”为例分析翻转课堂设计过程,包括任务单设计、教学视频制作、课堂组织、课后评价等诸多环节。实践表明,翻转课堂的应用,激发了非化学专业学生对卫生化学实验的学习兴趣,调动了学习主动性和积极性,使学生由被动接受者变为主动探究者,而教师则由知识传授者转变为学习促进者和指导者,有利于培养学生自主学习能力和创新合作精神。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。