红外光谱法结合PLS-BP网络对在用油中燃油稀释的测定

采用红外光谱法建立PLS-BP模型检测在用润滑油燃油稀释的含量。在新润滑油中加入柴油配制柴油含量在0~8%的标准样品,采集样品光谱。经光谱特征分析,选择1500~680 cm~(-1)为建模区间,对光谱进行一阶微分和SG平滑处理,净化谱图信息。基于PLS回归系数选择10个特征波数建立BP神经网络模型,经反复试验寻优,隐含层神经元个数为10,最小均方误差为2.8×10~(-8),学习速率为0.04,模型Rp达到0.9642,SEP为0.5716%。对在用油样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在92.6%~107.2%。结果表明:PLS-BP模型可以用于在用油柴油稀释的检测。     

微波消解/ICP-MS法测定食品级润滑油(脂)中的锑、砷、镉、铅、汞、硒

建立了微波消解样品,ICP-MS同时测定食品级润滑油(脂)中Pb,Cd,As,Se,Sb,Hg 6种微量元素的分析方法。通过优化实验条件,方法测试食品级润滑油(脂)样品中6种微量元素的检出限在0.001~0.020μg/g之间,Pb,Cd,As,Se,Sb在5.00~100.00μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,Hg在0.50~10.0μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999,回收率在93.3%~116%之间,相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.3%~4.2%之间。方法能够满足食品级润滑油(脂)中微量有毒有害元素的定量测定要求。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定燃料油及润滑油中9种微量金属元素

本文建立了测定燃料油和润滑油样品中Al、Ba、Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Pb、Zn 9种微量金属元素的微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)。实验探讨了油样的微波消解及ICP-OES测定条件。优化条件下方法加标回收率为93%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)3%(n=7)。该方法准确、灵敏,适用于燃料油和润滑油中微量金属元素的分析测定。     

液相色谱–串联质谱法测定甘蓝中4-羟基百菌清的残留量

建立液相色谱–串联质谱法测定甘蓝中4-羟基百菌清残留的方法。以乙腈提取样品中的4-羟基百菌清,采用电喷雾负离子源(ESI–)和多重反应监测(MRM)模式测定,基质匹配标准工作曲线法定量。结果表明,甘蓝中4-羟基百菌清的质量浓度与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999),线性范围为1.0~100μg/L,方法检出限为0.31μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg。在5,10,50μg/kg 3个添加水平下,方法的回收率为88.0%~91.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.6%~7.2%(n=6)。该法简单、准确、快速、灵敏,符合法规残留限量监测要求。     

固体进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定船用燃料油中硅、铝含量

建立了固体进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定船用燃料油中微量硅、铝元素含量的快速检测方法。通过选择谱线和背景校正模式,优化了石墨炉条件;根据待测样品及元素特点优化了升温程序。硅、铝的测定波长分别为251.6,394.4 nm,采用塞曼背景校正,样品无需前处理,直接通过石墨舟进样检测。燃料油中硅、铝元素的检出限分别为0.165,0.126 ng;3个浓度水平下,硅元素平均回收率为88%~92%,铝元素平均回收率为93%~95%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.2%~10.7%(n=6)。采用本法对实际燃料油样品进行测定,硅、铝元素的测定结果与IP 501方法测定结果基本一致。该方法取样量少、操作简便、快速,检验结果准确度高、稳定性好,适用于船用燃料油中微量硅、铝元素含量的定量检测。     

蒸馏分离–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铜铅锌矿石中微量锗

建立蒸馏分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铜铅锌矿石中微量锗的方法。采用硝酸-磷酸混合酸消解铜铅锌矿石样品,在盐酸介质中蒸馏分离微量锗,在氦气碰撞池模式下,以103Rh为在线内标进行质谱法测定。锗的质量浓度在0~50 μg/L 范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9995,方法检出限为0.019 μg/g。用所建方法对3个铜铅锌矿石成分国家一级标准物质进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.58%~5.55%(n=7),样品加标回收率为93.0%~102.0%。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,适用铜铅锌矿石中微量锗含量的测定。     

高频感应燃烧红外吸收法测定碳化硅中硫含量

采用高频感应燃烧红外吸收法测定碳化硅中硫含量,分别考察了取样量,助熔剂种类、用量对测定结果的影响。结果显示:取样量为90~140 mg,铁屑用量为0.8 g,钨锡助熔剂用量为1.6 g,可以得到稳定可靠的测定结果。测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.4%(n=10),加标回收率为94.8%~106.1%。     

气相色谱法测定有机肥料中的水分

建立气相色谱法测定有机肥料中水分含量的方法。样品在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中超声提取,采用porapad-Q多孔高分子小球不锈钢填充柱(1 m×4 mm,177~250μm)为分离色谱柱,加入甲醇作为内标物,以热导检测器检测,内标法定量。结果表明,样品提取液中水的含量在0.00~77.85 mg/g范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9996。样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.79%~3.98%(n=7),加标回收率为95.3%~101.3%。该方法准确度高,重现性好,适用于有机肥料中水分含量的定量分析。     

单波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定高硫油品中微量氯

建立单波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定高硫油品中微量氯的方法。将样品冷却至0～4℃,设定计数时间为300 s,对高硫油品中的氯进行测定。氯含量在0～100μg/g范围内与每秒计数值呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为Y=0.573X+0.774,线性相关系数r=0.998,方法的检出限为0.12μg/g。加标回收率为98.7%～103.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于3%(n=5)。该方法避免了样品中高含量硫对测定结果的影响,适合于硫含量为0.7%～1.0%的轻质石油产品中微量氯的测定。     

液相色谱串联质谱测定纺织品中的四溴双酚A

采用固相萃取/超快速液相色谱-串联质谱技术(SPE/UFLC-MS/MS)建立了纺织品中四溴双酚A的测定方法。样品经甲醇超声提取,C_(18)-SPE净化后分析,在串联质谱电喷雾(ESI)离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,以保留时间以及特征离子对进行定性、定量分析。实验结果表明,四溴双酚A在1.0~100.0μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系。称样量为1.0 g时,方法的定量下限为1.0μg/kg。平均回收率为80.9%~95.3%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为2.3%~5.9%。所建方法快速、准确、灵敏,可用于纺织中四溴双酚A的分析测定。     

Determination of trace amounts of mercury in water by neutron activation analysis with lubricating base oil as extractant.

This paper deals with a convenient method in the determination of trace amounts of mercury in water. After being irradiated with neutrons, water sample was treated with 7.0M HCIO4 solution and mercury was extracted with lubricating base oil. In such a simple operation, the sensitivity can reach 10(-8)g Hg/4ml H2O.     

煤基费托合成油中微量总铁的测定

铁系催化剂的残留污染一直是煤间接液化技术生产费托合成油工艺生产和产品质量控制的重点关注问题之一。准确分析合成油中微量残留铁的含量已成为工艺开发过程中至关重要的手段。该文对不同检测方法进行了对比,以燃烧灰化样品等离子体发射光谱检测铁含量的方法对不同沸点的合成油样品进行了验证,并通过实验数据优化了检测方法中的关键步骤。经验证费托合成油样品前处理最优条件为称样量5 g,马弗炉于500℃灰化1 h。该法对铁含量测定的回收率大于95%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于5.7%,检出限及定量下限分别为0.15 mg/kg和0.50 mg/kg。     

The determination of trace metals in lubricating oils by atomic spectrometry

The determination of trace metals in lubricating oils using atomic spectrometric methods is reviewed. The importance of such analyses for technical diagnostics as well as the specific sample characteristics related to the analyte form (metallo-organic and metal particles) is discussed. Problems related to sample pre-treatment for appropriate sample introduction and calibration are addressed as well as the strategies to overcome them. Recent trends aimed at simplifying sample manipulation are presented. The applications and scope of AAS, ICP OES and ICP MS techniques for the determination of trace metals in lubricating oil is individually discussed, as well as some present instrumental trends.     

近红外(NIRS)技术分析小样品油菜籽芥酸和含油量的应用研究

以完整油菜籽为样品,采用旋转杯和安培瓶两种样品杯、每种样品分为4×2种不同样品量并通过不同光谱预处理来优化油菜籽芥酸和含油量的近红外分析模型。结果表明:油菜籽各小样品含油量模型的决定系数(R2)从93.93%到96.93%不等,均方差(RMSECV)从0.56到0.79不等;油菜籽各小样品芥酸模型的决定系数(R2)从96.91%到98.42%不等,均方差(RMSECV)从1.73到2.43不等。随着样品量的逐渐增加,油菜籽芥酸和含油量不同样品杯模型各参数逐渐有所优化;同一样品厚度时,油菜小样品芥酸和含油量的旋转样品杯模型各参数均略优于安培瓶样品模型;不同样品量的NIRS模型,W3和W4差异不大,依次优于W2和W1。最小样品量AW1为0.3g。优化油菜小样品模型时,应该选择全部的预处理方法,根据优化结果选择最佳模型。外部检验结果表明:不同重量小样品(W1/0.3g、W2/1.0g、W3/2.0g和W4/4.0g)模型之间及其与标准化学值之间在0.01水平上差异不显著,说明W1和W2小样品模型同样可应用于油菜品质育种材料的分析选择。     

QuEChERS结合气相色谱-质谱法测定农产品中杀螨剂和拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了QuEChERS-改性多壁碳纳米管提取净化,气相色谱-质谱法同时检测农产品中1种杀螨剂和8种拟除虫菊酯农药的分析方法。样品经水浸润后,以乙酸乙酯-正己烷混合溶剂提取,再以适量改性多壁碳纳米管填料净化提取液,净化液以Shimadzu Rtx-1701毛细管色谱柱为分离柱,采用质谱测定和确证,选择离子模式监测,外标法定量。在优化实验条件下,9种农药在0.010~1.0μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9840~0.9977,检出限(S/N=3)为2.2~6.2μg/kg。3个加标水平下的平均回收率为76.7%~107%,相对标准偏差为3.1%~9.5%。该方法准确、灵敏度高、操作简单、快速,可满足新会陈皮等农产品中上述9种农药残留同时测定的要求。     

Determination of aluminum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy in lubricating oils emulsified in a sequential injection analysis system

The sequential injection (SIA) technique was applied for the on-line preparation of an “oil in water” microemulsion and for the determination of aluminum in new and used lubricating oils by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) with Zeeman-effect background correction. Respectively, 1.0, 0.5 and 1.0 ml of surfactants mixture, sample and co-surfactant (sec-butanol) solutions were sequentially aspirated to a holding coil. The sonication and repetitive change of the flowing direction improved the stability of the different emulsion types (oil in water, water in oil and microemulsion). The emulsified zone was pumped to fill the sampling arm of the spectrometer with a sub-sample of 200 μl. Then, 10 μl of this sample solution were introduced by means of air displacement in the graphite tube atomizer. This sequence was timed to synchronize with the previous introduction of 15 μg of Mg(NO₃)₂ (in a 10 μl) by the spectrometer autosampler. The entire SIA system was controlled by a computer, independent of the spectrometer. The furnace program was carried out by employing a heating cycle in four steps: drying (two steps at 110 and 130 °C), pyrolisis (at 1500 °C), atomization (at 2400 °C) and cleaning (at 2400 °C). The calibration graph was linear from 7.7 to 120 μg Al l⁻¹. The characteristic mass (mo) was 33.2 pg/0.0044 s and the detection limit was 2.3 μg Al l⁻¹. The relative standard (RSD) of the method, evaluated by replicate analyses of different lubricating oil samples varied in all cases between 1.5 and 1.7%, and the recovery values found in the analysis of spiked samples ranged from 97.2 to 100.4%. The agreement between the observed and reference values obtained from two NIST Standard Certified Materials was good. The method was simple and satisfactory for determining aluminum in new and used lubricating oils.     

二维离子色谱法测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子

建立二维离子色谱法测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子含量的方法。第一维采用去离子水作为流动相,经过Ion Pac ICE–AS1色谱柱将精己二酸中的硝酸根离子和己二酸进行预分离,分离出来的硝酸根富集于Ion Pac TAC–ULP1浓缩柱上。以淋洗液发生器产生的不同质量浓度的氢氧化钾溶液作为淋洗液,将富集柱上的硝酸根淋洗下来,经第二维Ion Pac AS17–C色谱柱进行分离,以抑制型电导检测器测定硝酸根离子的含量。精己二酸中硝酸根离子的质量浓度在2.0~50.0μg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好线性,线性相关系数r20.999,检出限为0.10μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.5%(n=7),加标回收率为98.0%~105.0%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度、准确度高,选择性好,能够准确测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子的含量。     

Use of chelating resins and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of trace and major elements in small volumes of saline water samples

For some saline environments (e.g. deeply percolating groundwater, interstitial water in marine sediments, water sample collected after several steps of fractionation) the volume of water sample available is limited. A technique is presented which enables simultaneous determination of major and trace elements after preconcentration of only 60 mL sample on chelating resins. Chelex-100 and Chelamine were used for the preconcentration of trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sc) and rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Yb) from saline water before their measurement by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Retention of the major elements (Na, Ca, Mg) by the Chelamine resin was lower than by Chelex; this enabled their direct measurement in the solution after passage through the resin column. For trace metal recoveries both resins yield the same mass balance. Only Chelex resin enabled the quantitative recovery of rare earth elements. The major elements, trace metals and rare earth elements cannot be measured after passage through one resin only. The protocol proposes the initial use of Chelamine for measurement of trace and major elements and then passage the same sample through the Chelex resin for determination of the rare earth elements. The detection limit ranged from 1 to 12 pg mL(-1). At concentrations of 1 ng mL(-1) of trace metals and REE spiked in coastal water the precision for 10 replicates was in the range of 0.3-3.4% (RSD). The accuracy of the method was demonstrated by analyzing two standard reference waters, SLRS-3 and CASS-3.     

超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定饮用水中微囊藻毒素

建立饮用水中微囊藻毒素(MC–RR,MC–LR)的超高效液相色谱–串联质谱检测方法。样品经PVDF针式过滤头过滤后直接进样,采用喷雾正离子源(ESI~+)和多重反应监测模式(MRM)测定。MC–RR的质量浓度在0.02~10.00μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r~2=0.998 9,检出限为0.096μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为6.6%~9.1%(n=7),加标回收率为99.0%~103.0%。MC–LR的质量浓度在0.1~20μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r~2=0.999 2,检出限为0.188μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.3%~10.0%(n=7),加标回收率为93.0%~114.0%。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于饮用水中微囊藻毒素的检测。