硅青铜和铝青铜光谱分析标准物质的研制

研制了2种硅青铜和10种铝青铜光谱分析标准物质。该标准物质以高纯铜为主料、按杂质元素的性质分批分期加入Cu-Fe、Ni、Si、Pb、Sn、Cu-As、Cu-S、Zn、Mn、Cr、Al、Cu-P等12种成分，采用250 kg中频感应炉冶炼，半连续铸造，2 000吨水压挤压机挤压而成，确保了标准物质的均匀性。8家权威实验室用准确可靠的分析方法确定了13种元素的标准值和不确定度。元素定值区间分别为：Cu 80.92%～95.77%,Pb 0.000 2%～0.001 5%,Zn 0.001 1%～0.034%,P0.000 4%～0.006 1%,Fe0.027%～4.09%,Sn0.001 2%～0.033%,As0.000 15%～0.000 4%,Al7.69%～10.26%,Mn0.055%～2.10%,Ni0.030%～4.48%,Si0.008 4%～3.31%,Cr0.012%～0.026%,S0.000 8%～0.000 9%。定值结果的扩展不确定度为0.000 04%～0.10%(k=2)。该标准物质的均匀性与稳定性良好，定值结果准确，已被国家市场监督管理总局批准为国家级标...     

ICP–AES法测定金属钼中微量Fe,Ni

采用ICP–AES法测定金属钼中Fe,Ni含量,以盐酸–硝酸–氢氟酸溶解样品,试验了基体元素和共存元素对Fe,Ni的光谱干扰,Fe,Ni的分析谱线分别为238.204 nm,341.477 nm。测定Fe,Ni的线性范围均为0.001%~0.01%,线性相关系数分别为0.999 4,0 999 8,检出限分别为0.000 01%,0.000 04%。方法的加标回收率为95.7%~115.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.36%~17.82%(n=8)。该方法快速、简便,能够满足金属钼中含量范围为0.001%~0.01%的Fe,Ni元素的检测要求。     

硅青铜光谱标准样品研制

经化学成分设计、原料精选、熔炼加工、均匀性检验等步骤,研制了硅青铜光谱标准样品.该硅青铜光谱标准样品以高纯铜为主原料,按杂质元素的性质,在选定的条件下分批加入Si、Ni、Zn等15种杂质元素制备而成.杂质元素的定值区间分别为:Zn 0.112％～4.29％,Pb 0.030％～0.264％,Sn 0.055％～0.61...     

无自身标准样品GC-FID法测定标准物质中有机杂质含量

建立了一种标准物质中有机杂质的无自身标准样品准确定值的GC–FID方法。以与待测有机杂质结构相似的物质作为参考物质校准GC–FID响应信号,采用有效碳数法计算待测杂质的质量响应值Si,检测出样品中该有机杂质的准确含量。以癸二酸二正丁酯纯度标准物质为例,用该法对其中有机杂质总量进行定值,定值结果为0.29%,U=0.07%(k=2)。定值不确定度主要来源于Si和检测重复性。     

铜–铬–锆合金光谱分析用标准物质的研制

以电解铜和铜–铬、铜–锆中间合金为原材料,通过真空熔炼和热锻加工工艺,研制了铜–铬–锆合金光谱分析用标准物质。将样品分成4组,每组85块后,采用金相检验和光电直读光谱仪进行均匀性、稳定性和定值分析。从样品中随机抽取15块进行均匀性检验,经F检验表明,在95%的置信区间范围内样品均匀性良好;稳定性考察12个月,结果表明在考察期间内样品稳定性良好;标准物质样品经国内3家具有分析资质的实验室进行协作定值,并评定了定值结果的不确定。铜–铬–锆合金标准物质样品中Cr,Zr元素的相对扩展不确定度分别为0.015%~0.036%,0.019%~0.033%(k=2)。该标准物质达到了国家标准物质的技术要求,可用于有关铜–铬–锆合金产品中铬、锆元素的方法校准和质量控制。     

ICP–AES法测定超高强度钢中的Al,Mn,Si,Ti

建立ICP–AES法测定超高强度钢中Al,Mn,Si,Ti 4种杂质元素的分析方法。研究了溶解条件试验及共存元素对4种分析元素的光谱干扰的情况,选择了Al 394.401 nm,Mn 257.610 nm,Si 251.611 nm,Ti 334.941 nm作为分析谱线。在选定的实验条件下,Al,Mn,Si,Ti的含量在0.001%~0.2%的范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.993,Al,Mn,Si,Ti的检出限为0.000 1~0.003 5 mg/L,加标回收率为94%~120%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于10%(n=8)。该方法准确、快速,可用于超高强度钢中Al,Mn,Si,Ti的含量测定。     

碳素钢氧氮气体标准样品的研制

依据《标准样品工作导则》(GB/T 15000.1~15000.5-1994)和《冶金产品分析用标准样品技术规范》(YB/T 082-1996)研制了3个水平含量的碳素钢氧氮气体标准样品,对其均匀性、稳定性检验后进行定值,定值结果分别为氧:0.002 2%、0.008 8%、0.011 5%;氮:0.007 00%、0.003 20%、0.002 5%。定值水平与国内外同类样品相当。     

铝合金化学成分标准物质的研制

介绍铝合金化学成分标准物质的研制过程。采用中频感应电炉熔炼法制备了铝合金化学成分标准物质候选物,并对标准物质候选物的均匀性和稳定性进行了考察。选择6家具有资质的实验室对研制的标准物质中各化学成分进行协作定值,并对各元素定值的不确定度进行评定。结果表明,在95%的置信区间内标准物质均匀性良好,经过13个月稳定性考察试验,标准物质稳定性良好。Si,Fe,Cu,Mn,Mg,Ti,Cd,V,Zr,B,Sn,Zn的定值结果分别为0.013 8%,0.012 5%,2.868%,0.185%,0.014 0%,0.082 8%,0.041 7%,0.032 9%,0.031 4%,0.003 8%,0.003 4%,0.025 6%,定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为1.4%~9.0%(k=2)。研制的标准物质达到相关技术要求,可用于该类铝合金材料的质量控制。     

微波消解-ICP-AES法测定拟薄水铝石中11种微量或痕量杂质元素

采用微波消解,ICP-AES法测定了拟薄水铝石中Si,Fe,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Ti,V,P,Li等11种微量和痕量杂质元素含量。样品用王水溶解,在200℃密闭消解30 min,冷却定容后进行测定。用各元素标准溶液绘制校准曲线,用高纯铝基体匹配校正基体效应。在选定的仪器工作条件下,11种被测杂质元素的检出限范围0.0024~0.42μg/m L,当杂质元素含量大于0.001%时,本法测定值与XRF法和AAS法的测定值相符,不同元素测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在0.70%~4.8%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定镍基/钴基高温合金中硼磷硅

采用一定比例的混合酸溶解样品,利用基体匹配配制一系列标准溶液消除基体的影响,以及轴向观测喷嘴吹扫技术来提高待测元素的灵敏度,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定镍基/钴基高温合金中硼磷硅。各元素选的分析线依次为B 182.577 nm、P 178.222 nm、Si 185.005 nm。检测范围分别是:B 0.001%~3.0%,P 0.003%~0.20%,Si 0.005%~3.0%,检出限范围为0.00005%~0.0004%,线性相关系数>0.9995。加标回收率为90.0%~105%,精密度RSD<2.0%。方法操作简单快速,结果令人满意。     

微波消解/电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定食品纸包装材料与食品模拟物中24种元素

建立了微波消解/电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)同时检测食品纸包装材料及3种食品模拟物(纯水、4%乙酸、10%乙醇)中Li,Be,B,Al,V,Cu,Mn,Zn,Cr,Ni,As,Sr,Zr,Se,Mo,Ag,Cd,Sn,Sb,Te,Ba,Hg,Tl,Pb 24种元素的分析方法,并对元素的迁移行为进行了研究。包装材料样品经微波消解后利用ICP-MS检测;迁移试验中的食品模拟物直接利用ICP-MS检测。在优化实验条件下,24种元素在0~1 000μg/L范围内线性关系良好;方法检出限(MLOD)为0.000 3~0.465 mg/kg;在1.0~1 000 mg/kg加标水平下的平均回收率为90.5%~125.3%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)为1.2%~6.8%。该方法前处理简便、灵敏准确、适用范围广,可用于食品纸包装材料中元素含量的测定及迁移行为的研究,从而为食品纸包装材料的质量监督提供了科学依据。     

Determination of fluoride in feed mixtures by capillary isotachophoresis

An isotachophoretic (ITP) method for the determination of fluoride in feed mixtures was developed. A sample of feed mixture, after extraction with 1 M HCl, was analysed using a ZKI 02 column-coupling isotachopherograph. Leading electrolytes for presentation and analytical capillaries consisted of 0.008 M HCl-0.022 M -aminocaproic acid (EACA)-0.001 M CaCl₂-0.05% hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and 0.002 M HCl-0.005 M EACA-0.05% HPMC, respectively. The terminating electrolyte was 0.01 M tartaric acid. The fluoride released from samples by microdiffusion in 25% perchloric acid was determined using an Ionosep 900.1 single capillary isotachopherograph with 0.002 M HCl-0.005 M EACA-0.05% HPMC as the leading electrolyte and 0.002 M tartaric acid as the terminating electrolyte. The detection limit, depending on the sample treatment, was as low as 4 μg/g as fluoride. A comparison of the developed ITP method with ion- selective electrode method was carried out.     

Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis of twenty-six rice samples analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis and other techniques

As part of the ongoing work on the safety and security of foods grown locally and imported into Jamaica, twenty five rice brands available on the Jamaican market and one sample of locally grown brown rice were collected and analysed for 36 elements using a combination of instrumental neutron activation analysis, total reflection X-ray fluorescence, flame atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Quality control for each of the techniques was provided by analysis of reference materials and inter-comparisons of common elements. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis performed on the raw data set identified white, parboiled and brown rice as the major clusters. The element and cluster median concentration in μg/g (for polished, parboiled and brown respectively) for each of the three clusters were Al (8.7, 11.3, 14.9), As (0.20, 0.21, 0.15), Br (12.1, 0.9, 3.4), Ca (60.4, 409.1, 112.5), Co (0.1, 0.09, 0.11), Cr (0.11, 0.10, 0.11), Cs (0.012, 0.004, 0.018), Eu (0.004, 0.004, 0.003), Cu (2.2,2.7, 3.6), Fe (13, 17, 20), K (894,1,815,2,538), La (0.009, 0.014, 0.015), Mg (340, 504, 1,303), Mn (9.7, 14.9, 28.5), Mo (0.7, 1.1, 0.8), Na (5.1, 9.9, 16.9), P (936, 2,328, 3,670), Rb (4.5, 6.1, 7.3), S (1,088,1,308, 1,321), Sb (0.004, 0.006, 0.005), Sc (0.001, 0.002, 0.002), Se (0.09, 0.17, 0.16), Sm (0.001, 0.003, 0.001), Sr (2.0, 1.9, 2.9), V (0.036, 0.041, 0.058), Zn (17.9, 15.3, 22.8). The use of agglomerative hierarchical clustering has proven to be a rapid method for the analysis of the dataset, correctly clustering rice by process that is, polished, parboiled and brown, with sub-clusters that further identified location, cultivars and an adulterated sample. The data validated here has been used to estimate the elemental contribution of rice to the Jamaican diet.     

Determination of Essential and Toxic Elements in Tropical Fruit by Microwave-Assisted Digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry

The concentrations of eight essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Se, V, and Zn) and five toxic elements (Al, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) were determined in 457 samples of commonly consumed fresh tropical fruit including bananas (Musa acuminata), kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa), mangos (Mangifera indica), and pineapple (Ananas comosus) from supermarkets from Seoul, Busan, Gangneung, Daegu, Daejeon, and Gwangju, South Korea. The samples were digested by microwave-assisted combustion using HNO₃ and H₂O₂ and determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Hg concentrations were evaluated by furnace-gold amalgamation direct mercury analysis. The techniques were validated by linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, recovery, and the analysis of a NIST-1570a spinach leaves certified reference material. The concentrations of essential elements varied considerably among the tropical fruit. Overall, the tropical fruit was higher in Mn (0.027–13.2?µg/g) and Zn (0.514–2.20?µg/g), while lower in Co (0.002–0.005?µg/g) and V (0.001–0.002?µg/g). The concentrations (µg/g) of toxic elements were 0.001 (kiwi) to 0.003 (mango) for As and Cd, 0.0004 (pineapple) to 0.002 (banana) for Hg, and 0.005 (kiwi) to 0.013 (mango) for Pb. The calculated values of estimated dietary intake, target hazard quotients and hazard indices were lower than one and the safety limits established by World Health Organization. The tropical fruits were therefore safe and did not pose any threat to consumers.     

Heavy metal determination in aquatic species for food purposes

New analytical procedures and sample mineralizations are proposed regarding the determination of arsenic, selenium, copper, lead, cadmium, zinc and mercury in matrices involved in food chain as mussel, clams and fishes. As regard As, Se, Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn determinations, H2SO4-HNO3 acidic mixture is used for the digestion of each matrix. In the case of Hg the sample digestion is performed using a concentrated suprapure H2SO4-K2Cr2O7 mixture and the results are compared with those from other conventional methods. Differential pulse cathodic (DPCSV) and anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) are employed for determining simultaneously selenium, arsenic and copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, respectively, while mercury determination is carried out by the cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) with reduction with SnCl2. The voltammetric measurements were performed using a conventional three-electrode cell and the ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer (pH 9.3) as supporting electrolyte. For all the elements, in addition to the detection limits, precision and accuracy data are also reported: the former, expressed as relative standard deviation (Sr), and the latter, expressed as relative error (e), are in all cases between 3 to 6%.     

Structure of the copper(II) complex of 2-acetylpyridine hexamethyleneiminylthiosemicarbazone, [Cu(Lhexim)Br]

Summary An anion (loss of ³N hydrogen) of a 2-acetylpyridine azacyclothiosemicarbazone coordinates in a planar conformation to the central Cu atom through the pyridyl N, azomethine N and thiolato S atoms. The interatomic distances are Cu{ie449-01}N = 2.016(6), Cu{ie449-02}N = 1.963(5) and Cu{ie449-03}S = 2.236(3) Å, respectively, with the fourth co-ordination site occupied by a bromine atom, Cu{ie449-04}Br = 2.359(2) Å.     

A kinetic isotope effect study on the hydrolysis reactions of methyl xylopyranosides and methyl 5-thioxylopyranosides: oxygen versus sulfur stabilization of carbenium ions.

The following kinetic isotope effects, KIEs (k(light)/k(heavy)), have been measured for the hydrolyses of methyl alpha- and beta-xylopyranosides, respectively, in aqueous HClO(4) (mu = 1.0 M, NaClO(4)) at 80 degrees C: alpha-D, 1.128 +/- 0.004, 1.098 +/- 0.005; beta-D, 1.088 +/- 0.008, 1.042 +/- 0.004; gamma-D(2), (C5) 0.986 +/- 0.001, 0.967 +/- 0.003; leaving-group (18)O, 1.023 +/- 0.002, 1.023 +/- 0.003; ring (18)O, 0.983 +/- 0.001, 0.978 +/- 0.001; anomeric (13)C, 1.006 +/- 0.001, 1.006 +/- 0.003; and solvent, 0.434 +/- 0.017, 0.446 +/- 0.012. In conjunction with the reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 7287-7294) KIEs for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl alpha- and beta-glucopyranosides, it is possible to conclude that at the transition state for xylopyranoside hydrolysis resonance stabilization of the developing carbenium ion by the ring oxygen atom is coupled to exocyclic C-O bond cleavage, and the corresponding methyl glucopyranosides hydrolyze via transition states in which charge delocalization lags behind aglycon departure. In the analogous hydrolysis reactions of methyl 5-thioxylopyranosides, the measured KIEs in aqueous HClO(4) (mu = 1.0 M, NaClO(4)) at 80 degrees C for the alpha- and beta-anomers were, respectively, alpha-D, 1.142 +/- 0.010, 1.094 +/- 0.002; beta-D 1.061 +/- 0.003, 1.018(5) +/- 0.001; gamma-D(2), (C5) 0.999 +/- 0.001, 0.986 +/- 0.002; leaving-group (18)O, 1.027 +/- 0.001, 1.035 +/- 0.001; anomeric (13)C, 1.031 +/- 0.002, 1.028 +/- 0.002; solvent, 0.423 +/- 0.015, 0.380 +/- 0.014. The acid-catalyzed hydrolyses of methyl 5-thio-alpha- and beta-xylopyranosides, which occur faster than methyl alpha- and beta-xylopyranosides by factors of 13.6 and 18.5, respectively, proceed via reversibly formed O-protonated conjugate acids that undergo slow, rate-determining exocyclic C-O bond cleavage. These hydrolysis reactions do not have a nucleophilic solvent component as a feature of the thiacarbenium ion-like transition states.     

氟罗沙星胶囊中氟罗沙星含量的 HPLC法测定

以 C18柱为分离柱 ，三乙胺·磷酸溶液－乙腈 (体积比 82∶ 18)为流动相 ，检测波长为 286 nm的液相色谱法测定氟罗沙星胶囊中的氟罗沙星含量 ，在 0.005～ 2.5 μ g 范围内进样量与主峰面积线性关系良好 (r=0.999 9)，最小检测量 0.005 μ g，检出限 0.000 2 μ g，平均回收率为 100.2％ ，重复进样相对标准偏差 0.50％。