薄层色谱扫描仪检定方法探讨

为了解决薄层色谱扫描仪没有统一的量值溯源方法和标准装置的问题,建立薄层色谱扫描仪检定方法。通过对薄层色谱扫描仪各部分的结构进行分析,建立了薄层色谱扫描仪检定项目及计量性能要求。采用低压汞灯为标准器进行波长示值误差和重复性检定,采用薄层色谱标准板进行仪器重复性和线性检定。该检定方法能准确评价薄层色谱扫描仪的性能,为薄层色谱扫描仪的量值溯源提供技术支持。     

“在线酸度(pH)仪表检定校准装置的研制”通过验收

受国家质检总局委托,山东省质监局于2009年2月26日在济南组织了对山东省计量科学研究院承担国家质检总局科技计划项目“在线酸度(pH)仪表检定校准装置的研制”课题的技术鉴定。鉴定委员会听取了课题组的研究报告,并进行了资料审查和系统测试。鉴定委员会一致认为,该装置测量准确度高、测量范围宽、稳定性好、扩展性强,具有显著的经济和社会效益,达到了国际先进水平。山东省计量科学研究院的酸度计量肩负着山东省酸度量值的传递、酸度(pH)表新产品的型式评价、样机试验、复核换证,并为山东省环保、食品、化工等行业的技术管理提供高质量的技术保证。“在线酸度(pH)仪表检定校准装置”的研制成功,填补了国内在线酸度(pH)表检定领域的空白,提高了山东省计量科学研究院的检/校水平,保证了全省在线酸度量值传递的准确、可靠,该院的酸度计量标准量值的溯源和传递能力达到国际先进水平。该装置可以给各级计量部门配备,如各省市计量技术机构和工矿企业内部的计量装置,可在授权范围内开展在线酸度监测仪的检定,具有较高的经济效益和社会效益,确保水质分析中酸度(pH)计量的准确可靠。“在线酸度(pH)仪表检定校准装置的研制”通过验收@林     

化学需氧量在线自动监测仪示值误差的检定

介绍化学需氧量(COD)在线自动监测仪示值误差的检定方法及注意事项。选取基准试剂邻苯二甲酸氢钾,依次配制零点溶液和质量浓度分别为50,150,500 mg/L的COD标准物质溶液,用于检定COD maxⅡ型在线监测仪的示值误差。直接配制溶液为100 mg/L的COD标准溶液,与相同浓度的标准物质溶液GBW(E)082219进行比较,结果符合检定规程JJG 1012–2006的要求。检定结果表明:以重铬酸钾为氧化剂时,邻苯二甲酸氢钾的COD氧化值呈线性关系,可直接配制100 mg/L的COD标准溶液;检定COD maxⅡ型在线监测仪,每次需要的标准溶液体积为100 m L,综合考虑,进行示值误差检定时,每种浓度至少配制500 m L。作为还原性标准物质用于检定仪器示值误差,邻苯二甲酸氢钾可能无法准确反映水体中有机物的真实还原情况,具有一定的局限性。     

天然气气相色谱仪检定装置的建立

为了保证天然气工业用气相色谱仪分析结果准确可靠和量值溯源有效,依据JJG 1055—2009《在线气相色谱仪》、JJF1033—2016《计量标准考核规范》等规程规范要求,配置建标所需计量标准器,研究开展了重复性试验、不确定度评定、检定结果的验证等工作,建立了天然气气相色谱仪检定装置,通过了国家市场监督管理总局的现场考...     

浅析气相色谱仪计量标准的重复性试验

根据气相色谱仪计量标准的特点,基于重复性的定义和解释,以在线气相色谱仪为例分析重复性试验方法,探讨新建和已建气相色谱仪计量标准的重复性试验应满足的要求。新建气相色谱仪计量标准重复性试验结果首先应满足JJG 700–1999《气相色谱仪》或JJG 1055–2009《在线气相色谱仪》检定规程的要求;其次应满足量值溯源要求的检测器灵敏度或检测限不确定度的要求;已建气相色谱仪计量标准重复性试验结果应不大于新建计量标准时的重复性。     

环境监测仪器设备量值溯源结果的确认

<正>环境监测仪器设备的量值溯源方式一般有计量检定和计量校准[1]。目前许多实验室工作人员计量知识缺乏,对仪器设备量值溯源的重要性认识不足,导致对仪器设备量值溯源结果的确认流于形式,使得计量机构对仪器设备的量值溯源结果未能在实际工作中得到正     

在线酸度仪校准装置的研制

为了提高在线酸度监测仪表的计量精度,使计量校准实现动态测量,研究了在线式酸度监测仪的校准方法,并根据校准方法研制了一种在线动态计量检定校准装置,该装置利用国家一级标准物质进行量值传递。整套装置模拟了在线酸度仪的工作状态,工作流速30－250mL／min,校准结果的不确定度为0．01pH,满足校准的要求。     

化学需氧量在线自动监测仪强检工作问题及对策

对化学需氧量在线自动监测仪计量工作中存在的问题进行分析,提出相应的解决对策。从测量点的选择、仪器漂移及稳定性的考核,政府、环保单位及设备商对计量工作的执行情况等进行分析,提出通过加强政府、企业对于《计量法》及强检计量器具检定工作的宣贯,对于仪器选择更合理的测量点位,制定更合理的稳定性评价标准等方法,提高对仪器性能的有效评定,解决目前化学需氧量在线自动监测仪计量工作存在的常见问题。     

紫外可见及二极管阵列检测器高效液相色谱仪检定时常见问题及解决方法

按照国家计量检定规程,分析了检定紫外-可见及二极管阵列检测器高效液相色谱仪的主要计量指标时常见问题和产生的原因,并提出了解决方法。     

化学分析计量方面的检定规程

编号名称编号名称JJG11-1987比色管检定规程JJG701-1990毛细管法熔点测定仪JJG11-1987比色管检定规程JJG656-1990硝酸根自动监测仪检定规程JJG20-2001标准玻璃量器检定规程JJG657-1990呼出气体酒精含量探测器检定规程JJG45-1999光学计检定规程JJG679-1990冷原子吸收测汞仪检定规程JJG50-1996石油产品用玻璃液体温度计检定规程JJG680-1990烟尘测试仪检定规程JJG114-1999贝克曼温度计检定规程JJG681-1990色散型红外分光光度计检定规程JJG119-1984实验室pH(酸度)计检定规程JJG682-1990双光速紫外可见分光光度计检定规程JJG1…     

Achieving traceability in chemical measurement—a metrological approach to proficiency testing

ISO/IEC 17025 requires that testing laboratories establish the traceability of their measurements, preferably to the SI units of measurement. The responsibility for establishing traceability lies with each individual laboratory and must be achieved by following a metrological approach.The results of measurements made in such a way are traceable to the standards used in method validation and to the calibration standards used during the measurement process. If these standards are traceable to SI then the measurements will also be traceable to SI.Participation in appropriate proficiency studies (an ISO/IEC 17025 requirement) enables laboratories to demonstrate the comparability of their measurements. If the materials used for the studies have traceable assigned values, then proficiency testing also provides information about measurement accuracy and confirms, or otherwise, that appropriate traceability has been established. This paper will report on a new approach for the establishment of traceable assigned values for chemical testing proficiency studies. The work is conducted at a "fit for purpose" level of measurement uncertainty, with costs contained at a level similar to previous "consensus" based proficiency studies. By establishing traceable assigned values in a cost effective way, NARL aims to demonstrate the added value of the metrological approach to participant laboratories.     

Determination of chemical oxygen demand in fresh waters using flow injection with on-line UV-photocatalytic oxidation and spectrophotometric detection

A flow injection manifold incorporating UV-photocatalytic oxidation for the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in freshwater is reported. The method utilises the UV-photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds instead of conventional heating (used in the standard method), with acidified potassium permanganate as the oxidant. Sodium oxalate, d-glucose and potassium hydrogen phthalate were used as COD standards. A 100 microL sample solution was injected into a 0.3 mol L(-1) H2SO4 carrier stream containing 0.1 mol L(-1) (NH4)2SO4, merged with a permanganate solution (8 x 10(-4) mol L(-1)) and passed through a 250 cm FEP (fluoroethylene polymer) photo-reaction coil wound around a 15 W UV lamp. The sample throughput was 30 h(-1), with an LOD (blank plus 3sigma) of 0.5 mg COD L(-1) and a linear range of 0.5-50 mg COD L(-1) (D-glucose, r2 = 0.9966). The method had good precision with relative standard deviations of 2.7% at 5 mg COD L(-1) and 1.2% at 20 mg COD L(-1) (n = 12) for glucose. Results for a COD certified reference material (QC Demand Quality Control Standard) were in good agreement with the certified COD value. Recovery from Tamar River water samples for all three COD standards was 83.0-111.0% and the COD values determined were in good agreement with those of a permanganate index reference method.     

A national traceability system for chemical measurements

Current developments in Germany for establishing a traceability system for chemical measurements are reported. The focus is on a dissemination mechanism which employs chemical calibration laboratories accredited within the framework of the German Calibration Service (DKD) and acting as "multipliers" between the national standards level and the user level by providing the user with calibration means which are traceable to the SI via national standards. At the national standards level, a network of high-level chemistry institutes coordinated by the national metrology institute, PTB, provides the primary references for chemical measurements.The use of the metrological dissemination system provided by the DKD also for chemical measurements is a logical extension of a traceability mechanism, successful for more than two decades in general metrology, to metrology in chemistry. In detail, traceability structures in clinical chemistry, electrochemistry, elemental analysis and gas analysis are described. This system has become an important part of the efforts made in Germany to support chemical laboratories in meeting the traceability requirements of the market and of legal regulations.     

Is traceability an exclusive property of analytical results? An extended approach to traceability in chemical analysis

The need to adapt the definition of traceability in the Metrological Dictionary of ISO to the growing use of this concept in Analytical Chemistry aroused the broader, more flexible proposal expounded in this paper which aims to be closer to the bench level. The traceability concept is addressed in a hierarchical manner by ranking the different notions to which the qualifier “traceable” applies (results, standards, equipment and samples) in such a way that it is compatible with the ISO definition. Relationships among them and with classical analytical properties are also exposed. Received: 12 May 1997 / Revised: 22 July 1997 / Accepted: 25 July 1997     

Is traceability an exclusive property of analytical results? An extended approach to traceability in chemical analysis

The need to adapt the definition of traceability in the Metrological Dictionary of ISO to the growing use of this concept in Analytical Chemistry aroused the broader, more flexible proposal expounded in this paper which aims to be closer to the bench level. The traceability concept is addressed in a hierarchical manner by ranking the different notions to which the qualifier “traceable” applies (results, standards, equipment and samples) in such a way that it is compatible with the ISO definition. Relationships among them and with classical analytical properties are also exposed. Received: 12 May 1997 / Revised: 22 July 1997 / Accepted: 25 July 1997     

Extended traceability of pH: an evaluation of the role of Pitzer's equations

The 2002 IUPAC recommendation on pH (provisional) has taken its own philosophy to provide a basis for comparable and traceable assignment of a value, from a measurement, to the quantity pH. Whereas the substituted 1983 IUPAC recommendation relied heavily on precisely prescribed experimental techniques and procedures, the current recommendation defines a hierarchical relationship between references for comparison (primary and secondary standards) and objective criteria on the comparison of measurements with these standards. The recommendation aims at a traceability chain from the national metrological institution (NMI) level down to field and laboratory measurements. Currently, however, the traceability chain is developed to the level of certified reference materials (CRM), namely the above mentioned primary and secondary standards. To complete the traceability chain, several theoretical and practical aspects have to be pondered. In part, the methods for comparative assessment of different options have yet to be developed. As an illustrating example of the complexity of issues to be considered in a further extension of the traceability chain is estimation of the doubt associated with Pitzer coefficients. The Pitzer equations for activity coefficient modelling are explicitly mentioned in the 2002 IUPAC recommendation on pH (provisional) as enabling possible improvement in the ionic strength extrapolations to zero ionic strength. An assessment of uncertainty of ternary Pitzer coefficients is given for the first time.     

Establishing measurement traceability in clinical chemistry

Measurement traceability is probably the most important tool for achievement of comparability in clinical chemistry. As stipulated by the In Vitro Diagnostica Directive of the European Union and several ISO standards, values assigned to calibrators and control materials must be traceable to reference materials and/or reference procedures of higher order. In the German proficiency testing system, statutory use of reference measurement procedures for several measurands has been in force since 1988. As a result, reference procedures are now regularly applied for the setting up of target values in the control samples of internal and external quality assessment and for assigning values to the manufacturers calibrator and control materials. Noticeably, the comparability of results obtained by different diagnostic tests has greatly improved for the measurement of many metabolites and substrates, e.g. creatinine, cholesterol, uric acid, total glycerol and urea. For many measurands in laboratory medicine the implementation of the concept of traceability proves to be much more difficult; this mainly concerns the measurement of proteins, in particular enzymes, proteo-hormones, tumour markers and cardiac markers. For such measurands the analyte must first of all be distinctively defined before a reference system can be established which comprises reference procedures, reference materials and networks of reference laboratories.Presented at the CCQM Workshop on Traceability 16–17 April 2002 at the BIPM, Sèvres, France     

Purity determination and uncertainty evaluation of theophylline by mass balance method, high performance liquid chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry

Purity determination of pure organic substance is essential for the establishment of traceability to SI units. A mass balance method was employed to determine the purity of theophylline certified reference materials (CRM), compared with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the approach of the mass balance, the impurities were identified by ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer (IT-TOF-MS) and quantified by HPLC. The purity of theophylline CRM determined by mass balance method was 99.82% with an extended uncertainty of 0.1% (k = 2). The uncertainty evaluation of purity demonstrated that the accuracy of the mass balance method is better than that of HPLC and DSC. It indicated that the mass balance is suitable for the CRM and pharmaceutical standards.     

Integration of metrological principles in a proficiency-testing scheme in the field of water analysis

Measurement traceability is universally recognised as one of the basic prerequisites for comparability of results obtained in different laboratories and is a basic aspect of metrological sciences such as analytical chemistry. This requirement is underscored by the increasing adoption of standards and measurement quality systems, such as laboratory accreditation against ISO/IEC 17025. Testing laboratories ensure traceability of their measurement results by using appropriate reference standards for calibration of instruments and control of measurement processes. For routine work in the field of water analysis, these standards are usually commercial solutions or in-house solutions prepared from pure products. Therefore, laboratories should demonstrate that their use of reference standards is appropriate and sufficient, which can be done by participation in an appropriate proficiency-testing scheme. The paper reports how measurement traceability of results from field laboratories (nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, chloride and sulphate; all in water) can be demonstrated by participation in a proficiency-testing scheme based on reference values.     

Secondary pH standards and their uncertainty in the context of the problem of two pH scales

Establishing a traceability route with all measurement and uncertainty relationships determined is an important aspect of traceability, and seems to be particularly striking in pH measurement. In this paper the issue of evaluation of secondary pH standards measured with reference to a primary standard in a differential cell with free diffusion type liquid junctions is considered. Relatively high uncertainty, U=0.015, has been assigned to such standards in the recent IUPAC Recommendations on pH (2001), because of a specific residual liquid-junction potential treated statistically as a contribution to the combined uncertainty. Close inspection of the problem leads to the conclusion that a correction for the residual liquid-junction potential should be applied to the measured value of a secondary pH standard. This can be considered as a correction for a known systematic effect on the traceability route. With available experimental data it is demonstrated that such a correction can reasonably be made for well-studied standard buffer systems. In this way the uncertainty associated with secondary pH standards is kept to a low level, and, what is more, the problem of two pH scales, a multi-standard scale and a single-standard scale, gains a proper solution. The need for different treatment of residual liquid-junction potentials at different levels in the measurement hierarchy is noted. Much attention is also given to rational categorization of pH standards in the hierarchy.