高频燃烧–红外吸收法测定石墨及其制品中的硫含量

建立高频燃烧–红外吸收法测定石墨及其制品中的硫含量。结合高频红外碳硫分析仪器特点,试验确定了方法的实验条件:试样粉碎至2.5 mm以下颗粒状,所有试样均为干燥状态,称样量控制在0.200 0~0.300 0 g之间,助熔剂为纯铁和钨粒,助熔剂添加顺序为纯铁+样品+钨粒。采用该方法对石墨标准样品进行测定,测定结果与标准值相符合,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.86%~1.96%(n=10)。该法可用于石墨及其制品中硫含量的测定。     

高频燃烧红外吸收法测定氧化钴粉中的硫

采用高频红外吸收法测定了氧化钴粉中硫的含量,并对样品作测定前的预处理（物理处理）,在测定上选用复合型助熔剂,解决了高频感应炉中因顶吹氧气流的作用而导致的样品喷溅问题,并将镍作为辅助助熔剂应用于碳硫测定。该方法可准确测定硫含量为0.001%-0.1%的氧化钴粉中的硫,回收率为95.6%-104.8%。RSD为2.2%-4.9％。     

艾士卡熔融-离子色谱法测定沉积物中全硫

建立了测定沉积物中全硫的艾士卡熔融–离子色谱法。以艾士卡试剂为熔融剂,将沉积物样品在马弗炉中于850℃灼烧2 h,使各种形态的硫全部转化为硫酸根离子,用离子色谱法测定提取液中的硫含量。硫酸根离子的质量浓度在1.0～20 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 6,硫的检出限为1.2 mg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.85%～7.36%(n=6),样品加标回收率为76.3%～90.0%。该方法与硫酸钡比浊法测定结果无显著性差异,操作简便、快速,可用于测定沉积物中的全硫含量。     

红外吸收光谱法测定钢中超低量碳和硫

碳、硫是钢中常规检测项目,国家标准红外吸收法适用于0.005%～0.33%(质量分数,下同)硫含量和0.005%～4.3%碳含量的测定。但随着生产、科研的快速发展,当今炼钢生产呈现多元化、精益化的趋势,冶炼超低碳、硫钢的生产规模日益加大,这对超低量碳、硫的检测提出了高的要求,检测0.0015%～0.010%范围的碳、硫含量成为炼钢工艺控制的必然要求。由于碳、硫含量极低,应用红外碳硫技术分析出现的峰值相对于仪器的背景值较     

高频燃烧红外吸收法测定金属矿产品中的硫

建立了高频燃烧红外吸收法测定金属矿产品中硫含量的方法。当样品中硫含量为0.004 6%～3.96%时可以直接测量,当硫含量高于3.96%时采用高纯二氧化硅进行10倍稀释后测定,最终确定了铁矿的称样质量为10～800 mg之间,铜精矿和锌精矿的称样质量均为50 mg。样品中依次加入0.4 g铁和1.5 g钨作为助熔剂。通过分析称样质量、助熔剂的种类和用量等因素确定了最佳分析条件:工作电流为40μA,氧气压力为172.375 kPa,载气压力为482.65 kPa,分析时间为40 s,硫释放时间为50 s。结果表明,此时试料燃烧完全,硫释放曲线平滑。硫的含量在0.009 6～8.0 mg范围内与红外吸收峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999,方法检出限为0.003 19 g。金属矿标准物质测定结果与标准值基本一致,相对误差为–0.018%～0.01%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.79%～2.53%(n=6)。该方法操作简单,重现性好,适用于金属矿产中硫含量的准确测定。     

高频红外碳硫仪快速测定镍基高温合金中碳、硫

建立了高频红外碳硫仪快速测定镍基高温合金中碳、硫的方法。通过对样品称样量、助熔剂的选择及加入量等方面考察,确定了镍基高温合金样品的最佳测定条件。结果表明,称取样品、钨锡助熔剂各1.0 g左右时,测定效果最佳,碳和硫的方法检出限分别为0.000 11%、0.000 03%,方法测定下限分别为0.000 44%、0.000 12%,测定值的相对标准偏差为0.51%～2.38%(n=6),相对误差均小于5%。该方法适合于镍基高温合金中碳、硫含量的测定。     

高频燃烧红外吸收法测定铅精矿中的硫

利用高频燃烧红外吸收碳硫仪测定铅精矿中的硫含量。低硫含量(S<5%)铅精矿样品直接称样测定;高硫含量(S>5%)铅精矿样品添加稀释剂后称样测定。对样品称样量、助熔剂类型及用量等条件进行了研究,获得最佳分析条件。通过空白实验测得方法检出限为0.0010%,利用铅精矿有证标准物质进行精密度和准确度验证,方法的标准偏差在0.295%~1.3%之间,结果表明该方法精密度高、准确度好,能够满足铅精矿中硫含量的快速准确测定。     

SERS纳米银基底制备及其在汽油中噻吩硫测定中的应用

采用恒电位氧化还原法研制出规整度高的纳米化银基底。利用研制的纳米化银基底测试了模拟汽油中噻吩硫的表面增强拉曼光谱。结果显示,1 005 cm–1特征峰峰高增大约125倍,峰面积约增强6 300倍。特征峰相对峰面积与模拟汽油中噻吩硫含量呈乘数幂关系,关系式为Y=59439X 0.3965。以此利用相对峰面积计算汽油中噻吩硫含量。利用纳米银基底表面增强拉曼光谱法测定汽油中噻吩含量,测定结果与气相色谱法测定结果相符,相对标准偏差为0.07%,加标回收率为97%~106%。该法可用于油品中微量硫的绿色分析和产品质量控制。     

高频燃烧红外吸收法测定氧化钴粉中的硫高频燃烧红外吸收法测定氧化钴粉中的硫高频燃烧红外吸收法测定氧化钴粉中的硫

采用高频红外吸收法测定了氧化钴粉中硫的含量,并对样品作测定前的预处理（物理处理）,在测定上选用复合型助熔剂,解决了高频感应炉中因顶吹氧气流的作用而导致的样品喷溅问题。并将镍作为辅助助熔剂应用于碳硫测定。该方法可准确测定硫含量为 0.001％～0.1％ 的氧化钴粉中的硫,回收率为 95.6％～104.8%。RSD 为2.2％～4.9％。     

基于氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定生活垃圾可燃组分中氯和硫的含量

采用氧弹燃烧法对垃圾样品干燥基进行前处理,用碳酸钠(24mmol/L)和碳酸氢钠(30mmol/L)以及过氧化氢(2.5%)为吸收液,并用离子色谱法对其处理后吸收液中氯离子和硫酸根含量进行测定,最后换算为样品中氯和硫的含量。氯和硫酸根质量浓度分别在1～50mg/L与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性相关,其线性相关系数都大于0.999。样品中氯的加标回收率为96.5%～99.1%,硫酸根的加标回收率为92.5%～101%,测定结果中样品的相对平均标准偏差均小于3%(n=5),并用质控样品对方法进行了验证,结果表明样品的前处理方法简单、样品损失少、准确度高,适合于垃圾样品可燃组分中氯和硫含量的测定。     

银杏叶中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的超滤质谱筛选

采用体外酶抑制活性检测方法结合超滤质谱(UF-LC/MS)筛选方法对中药提取物中的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂进行了筛选.以4-硝基苯-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)为底物,阿卡波糖为阳性对照药,对5种富含黄酮类化合物的中药提取物进行了α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的初步测定.结果表明,银杏叶具有最强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,可作为进一步复筛的对象.利用超滤质谱技术对银杏叶中潜在的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂进行了筛选,从中筛选出4种潜在的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,并利用液相色谱-串联质谱技术(LC-MSn)对其结构进行了鉴定.本文结果为开发新一代安全有效的降糖药物奠定了基础.     

热辅助下的在线甲基衍生化-气相色谱法分析银杏叶中的银杏酸

采用热辅助下的在线甲基衍生化-气相色谱法测定银杏叶中的银杏酸。银杏叶样品与衍生化试剂四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH, 25%甲醇溶液)同时进样,在300 ℃的进样口瞬间生成了银杏酸甲基衍生物,银杏叶中6种银杏酸得到很好的分离。在一定的质量浓度范围内银杏酸的线性关系良好,回归系数均大于0.9966,最低检出限范围为0.8～2.8 mg/kg。银杏叶中主要的烷基酚类物质为银杏酸C13∶0,C15∶1和C17∶1,它们的含量(用质量分数表示)分别为11.0%,36.7%和42.8%,3次平行测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3.4%(n=3)。银杏叶样品中总银杏酸的含量为4.0～10.9 mg/g。该方法无需繁琐费时的衍生化和纯化等前处理步骤,不失为银杏叶中银杏酸测定的一种快速、简便、准确的方法。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定银杏中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了银杏叶中15种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的超高效液相色谱一串联质谱测定方法。样品经乙腈提取,TPT固相萃取柱净化,通过XTerra MS Cl8色谱柱分离,供串联质谱测定。15种氨基甲酸酯类农药在0．02-0．5mg／L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0．9962-0．9999;在0．004,0．01,0．02,0．04mg／kg4个添加水平下,其平均回收率为65．22％-96．66％,相对标准偏差为1．43％-10．06％（n=5）。该方法净化效果好、灵敏度高、重现性好,可满足银杏叶中15种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的检验要求。     

Fluorophotometric thin-layer chromatography of ginkgo terpenes by postchromatographic thermochemical derivatization and quality survey of commercial ginkgo products

Terpenoid lactones in Ginkgo biloba leaves are the main active constituents and the content of these terpenes is therefore the key factor for evaluating the quality of the leaves, the extract, and its preparations distributed on the market. The precleanup sample solutions were applied onto the silica gel plate modified with sodium acetate solution and developed with a solvent system of toluene-ethyl acetate-acetone-methanol, and a fluorescence chromatogram was generated by means of postchromatographic thermal chemical reaction. Fluorescence scanning was conducted quantitatively. The methodology validation confirmed that it is a practical alternative for routine quality control for ginkgo terpenes and the results are comparable with those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On the basis of the method established, a quality survey of the various commercial ginkgo products from different sources was undertaken. The obtained data demonstrated that the fluctuation of the content of individual terpene and/or the total terpenes among replicate samples is so significant as to cast doubts on the consistency of their pharmacological and clinical efficacy.     

PURIFICATION OF FLAVONES OF GINKGO LEAVES BY ADSORPTION HZ-841 RESIN

The extraction of dry ginkgo biloba L. leaves is a mixture of some effective agents like flavones and lactones, which have therapeutic activities of peripheral vasoregulation, PAF (platelet aggregation factor) antagonism and prevention of membrane damage caused by free radicals, etc. Thus broad application prospect in the field of sanitarian product and cosmetics is expected [1]. The total flavonoid can be extracted in distilled water or in organic solvents, usually methanol, ethanol, or ace…     

Analysis of Ginkgo biloba for the presence of ginkgotoxin and ginkgotoxin 5'-glucoside

Hot water extracts of Ginkgo biloba seeds were analyzed for the presence of ginkgotoxin (4'-O-methylpyridoxine) by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) using methanol-0.05M KH2PO4 (1 + 9, v/v) adjusted to pH 3 as mobile phase. Detection was by fluorescence (excitation 280 nm, emission 370 nm). A straight line calibration curve was obtained for the 10-100 ng injected. After addition of beta-glucosidase (37 degrees C/h), an earlier eluting peak disappeared and the ginkgotoxin peak increased. The identity of the ginkgotoxin was confirmed by LC/MS and LC/MS/MS. LC/MS/MS also confirmed the 5'-glucoside by comparison with the 3-glucoside. This is the first identification of a glucoside of ginkgotoxin in Ginkgo biloba. An unknown compound of MW 267 also observed in the Ginkgo biloba seed extract was shown not to be 3,5'-diacetylginkgotoxin by its different LC retention time. Extraction of ground Ginkgo biloba seeds with boiling water in a Soxhlet for 2 x 2 h yielded a total of 179 microg/g of free ginkgotoxin. The concentration in powder from Ginkgo biloba capsules was several times lower than this (17-64 microg/g) in 3 samples but higher in another (457 microg/g). Canned ginkgo seeds (white nuts) contained no detectable free ginkgotoxin but the glucoside was present. Different extraction times were studied: 0.5 h gave only 52 microg/g free ginkgotoxin in the ginkgo seeds. However, boiling an extract for 4 h showed about 15% loss of ginkgotoxin and its glucoside.     

全自动红外吸收光谱法测定硫化矿矿石中全硫量

近年来,随着全自动红外测硫仪的快速发展,仪器性能的升级优化,加之对固体矿物质种类和高硫含量检测技术有了新的技术突破.因此将全自动红外测硫仪应用于硫化矿矿石中全硫量的测定,采用国家硫矿石标准样品中不同段的硫含量(标准值),建立标准工作曲线,再结合实际样品校正该曲线,建立了一种用全自动红外吸收光谱法测定硫化矿矿石中全硫量的...     

An efficient microwave assisted extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential of Ginkgo biloba

Flavonoid glycosides are a significant group of compounds found in Ginkgo biloba leaves, but the long extraction procedures in existing methods are a challenging problem. In this work, a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed for extracting bioactive compounds from G. biloba. Several variables were optimized, such as extracting solvent, microwave power, and extraction time that can potentially affect the extraction yield. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays) and flavonoid glycosides of different extracts using RP-HPLC were assessed. The antioxidant capacity was found to be highest with MAE using 60% aq. ethanol as extracting solvent and microwave power of 120W for 20 min.     

Determination of the Flavonoids from Ginkgo Biloba Extract by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Today Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is one of the most widely used food supplements and herbal medicines. The amounts of flavone glycosides, one of the key active components in GBE, vary according to the source of the ginkgo leaves and the extraction and enrichment procedures used to prepare the extract. A typical GBE contains from 22% to 27% of flavone glycosides. Ginkgo flavone glycosides are a group of small complex molecules that can be hydrolyzed to give kaempferol, quercetin and isor…