特种铸造铝合金光谱分析用标准物质的研制

介绍特种铸造铝合金光谱分析用标准物质的研制过程。采用熔炼和浇铸以及精炼、除渣等工艺,制备了系列铸造铝合金标准物质;在不同部位取样,用F检验法进行均匀性检验,结果表明,均匀性良好;经过60个月长期稳定性考察,稳定性良好;经8家实验室采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法、GB/T 20975.5–2008等方法进行定值分析,确定了每套标准物质中Si,Fe,Cu,Mg,Zn,Pb,Bi等7种元素的标准值,含量范围分别为7.45%～13.39%,0.301%～1.42%,0.382%～1.39%,0.076%～0.911%,0.090%～0.659%,0.282%～1.28%,0.099%～0.947%。进行成线性及与国内外同类标准物质一致性考察,相关系数均大于0.99。该系列标准物质适用于类似铸造铝合金元素的成分分析。     

铜–铬–锆合金光谱分析用标准物质的研制

以电解铜和铜–铬、铜–锆中间合金为原材料,通过真空熔炼和热锻加工工艺,研制了铜–铬–锆合金光谱分析用标准物质。将样品分成4组,每组85块后,采用金相检验和光电直读光谱仪进行均匀性、稳定性和定值分析。从样品中随机抽取15块进行均匀性检验,经F检验表明,在95%的置信区间范围内样品均匀性良好;稳定性考察12个月,结果表明在考察期间内样品稳定性良好;标准物质样品经国内3家具有分析资质的实验室进行协作定值,并评定了定值结果的不确定。铜–铬–锆合金标准物质样品中Cr,Zr元素的相对扩展不确定度分别为0.015%~0.036%,0.019%~0.033%(k=2)。该标准物质达到了国家标准物质的技术要求,可用于有关铜–铬–锆合金产品中铬、锆元素的方法校准和质量控制。     

K18C镍基高温合金光谱标准样品的研制

采用二次冶炼的方法炼制出K18C镍基高温合金光谱标准样品,其中包含C,Cr,Fe等16种元素。对标准样品的均匀性与稳定性进行了考察。结果表明所研制的K18C镍基高温合金标准样品成分均匀,稳定性优良,5年内各成分量值无变化。委托多家实验室进行协作定值,选择了合适的统计学方法对各协作单位的数据进行检验和计算,获得标准样品的标准值及其扩展不确定度。     

焦炭特性及成分分析用标准物质的研制

介绍焦炭特性及成分分析用标准物质的研制过程。对标准物质进行了均匀性检验和稳定性考察,8家权威实验室用准确可靠的方法参与协作定值,确定了22个项目的标准值和扩展不确定度。粒度分析和成分分析结果表明该标准物质均匀性良好,在5年内性质稳定。     

高炉生铁化学分析用与光谱分析用国家标准样品的研制

在冶炼、铸造、加工等操作中采取多种工艺措施,研制了高炉生铁化学分析用与光谱分析用国家标准样品,对研制的标准样品进行严格的均匀性和稳定性检验.由国内8家具有资质的分析实验室参与协作定值.定值元素达19项(C,Si,Mn,P,S,Cr,Ni,Cu,Mo,V,Ti,Co,Als,Alt,As,Sb,Sn,Pb,Zn等).分析...     

钛矿石与钛精矿X射线荧光光谱分析与化学分析用标准样品的研制

研制了钛矿石与钛精矿X射线荧光光谱分析与化学分析用标准样品。从国内外有代表性的矿区取点,采用了多级破碎、三维机械混筛工艺,确保了标准样品化学成分的均匀性,多家权威实验室用准确可靠的分析方法确定了16种化学成分的标准值和不确定度,实验表明,标准样品的线性与稳定性良好。该项目标准样品填补了国内外同类X射线荧光光谱分析标准样品的空白,已被国家检验检疫总局和国家标准化管理委员会批准为国家级标准样品。     

光谱分析用中合金钢标准物质的研制

介绍了光谱分析用25Cr3Mo3NiNbZrA中合金钢标准物质的研制过程。采用合理的冶炼锻轧工艺,选取不同部位的样品进行均匀性检验,确定了16个元素的认定值及扩展不确定度,并进行了线性、一致性考察以及与国内外同类标准物质的比对。     

章鱼肉碱标准样品的研制

研制了章鱼肉碱标准样品。以章鱼加工副产物为原料,通过提取、分离纯化制备高纯章鱼肉碱,采用红外光谱(IR)、高分辨质谱(MS)和核磁共振谱(NMR)进行结构确证。样品分装成144瓶,采用离子色谱检测法进行均匀性、稳定性检验和定值分析。从样品中随机抽取15瓶进行均匀性检验,经F检验表明:在95%的置信区间内样品均匀性良好。在0~4℃条件下,经过24个月长期试验稳定性考察,结果表明样品稳定性良好。标准样品经国内8家具有分析资质的实验室进行协同定值,章鱼肉碱标准样品定值结果为99.49%,相对扩展不确定度为0.14%(k=1.96)。该标准样品达到标准样品的技术要求,可用于章鱼肉碱相关产品的质量控制和分析方法校正。     

硫酸氨基葡萄糖标准样品的研制

研制了硫酸氨基葡萄糖标准样品。以盐酸氨基葡萄糖为原料,制备高纯硫酸氨基葡萄糖,采用红外光谱(IR)、高分辨质谱和核磁共振谱(NMR)进行结构确证。样品分装成200瓶样品后,采用高效液相色谱–蒸发光散射法进行均匀性检验、稳定性检验和定值分析。从样品中随机抽取15瓶进行均匀性检验,结果表明在95%的置信区间范围内样品均匀性良好。按照25℃长期试验稳定性(12个月)进行稳定性考察,结果表明在考察期间内样品稳定性良好。标准样品经国内8家具有分析资质的实验室进行协同定值,硫酸氨基葡萄糖标准样品定值结果为99.84%,相对扩展不确定度为0.18%(k=1.96)。该标准样品达到国家标准样品的技术要求,可用于有关硫酸氨基葡萄糖的分析方法校正和质量控制。     

4,9-脱水河豚毒素国家标准样品的研制

研制4,9-脱水河豚毒素国家标准样品。以河豚鱼卵巢为原料,提取制备4,9-脱水河豚毒素,采用红外光谱(IR)、高分辨质谱和核磁共振谱(NMR)进行结构确证。样品分装成140瓶后,采用柱后衍生–高效液相荧光法进行均匀性、稳定性检验和定值分析。从样品中随机抽取15瓶进行均匀性检验,经F检验表明在95%的置信区间范围内样品均匀性良好;稳定性考察按照40℃加速试验稳定性(6个月)进行,结果表明在考察期间内样品稳定性良好;标准样品经国内8家具有分析资质的实验室进行协同定值,并评定了定值结果的不确定度,4,9-脱水河豚毒素标准样品定值结果为97.77%,相对扩展不确定度为0.4%(k=1.96)。该标准样品达到国家标准样品的技术要求,可用于有关脱水河豚毒素的方法校正和质量控制。     

铝锰铁合金标准物质的研制

依据GB/T15000.3—2008、GB/T15000.5—1994、YB/T082—1996和相关ISO导则研制了铝锰铁合金化学分析用标准样品。样品经过加工混匀后,按要求进行粒度实验和均匀性检验。采用Minitab软件进行均匀性数据的正态性检验,然后用方差法进行均匀性检验,各元素F值均小于临界值F0.05,表明被检元素的均匀性良好。由7家有资质的实验室采用多种不同原理,准确、可靠的分析方法协作定值分析,对分析结果进行统计和处理,得到了定值元素的认定值。结果表明该标准物质均匀性和稳定性以及定值准确性均达到国家标准物质的性能指标,符合国家计量技术规范的要求。     

含磷元素铸造铝合金光谱分析标准样品的研制

介绍含磷元素铸造铝合金光谱分析标准样品的制备工艺、数据处理及定值结果。采用分步调整化学成分法调整标准样品中化学成分的含量,用极差法进行均匀性检验,多家实验室协同定值。研制出的标准样品经过生产试用分析,达到设计指标,可满足分析含磷元素铸造铝合金中磷的需要。     

Preparation and certification of the new reference materials; plastics (disk form, JSAC 0621-0625) for determination of mercury using x-ray fluorescent analysis.

The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry has developed some new plastic certified reference materials (CRMs) for the analysis of mercury in polyester disks using XRF analysis. These CRMs (named as JSAC 0621-0625) were prepared by casting polyesters including a toluene solution of organometallic compounds as a standard. Concentrations of the five levels of mercury ranged from 0 to 250 mg/kg. Homogeneity tests of prepared disks had shown excellent results. Interlaboratory comparison study for the certification was performed by 15 laboratory participants. The z-scores in robust statistical method was applied for the evaluation of outliers. The certified values were assigned after discarding outliers. The uncertainties of certified values were determined as the confidence levels of 95%.     

低温热分析标准物质的研制

研制了两种0~100℃热分析标准物质,分别为金属镓和水杨酸苯酯标准物质。研制的标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,采用与NIST,LGC相应标准物质比较的方法定值。NIST为SRM 2234镓,其定值采用288.6~314.35 K范围内的绝热热量计测得温度及热量值;LGC用绝热法为水杨酸苯酯的熔化温度和熔化热定值,两种方法都可以直接溯源至SI单位。对定值结果的不确定度进行了分析和评定。镓和水杨酸苯酯标准物质的熔化温度分别为(29.77±0.20)℃(k=2),(41.81±0.34)℃(k=2);熔化热分别为(80.52±0.48)J/g(k=2),(88.94±0.62)J/g(k=2)。研制的两种标准物质满足国家标准物质的技术要求,申报已获批准。     

高能偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法分析古陶瓷

以国家地质标准样品制作工作曲线,用粉末压片法制样,高能偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定古陶瓷中包括15种稀土元素在内的56种元素,通过对6个陶瓷胎标准样品分析,结果表明:钪、钒、锰、铬、锌、镓、锗、铷、锶、钇、锆、铌、镉、锡、铯、钡、镧、铈、镨、钕、钆、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥、钍、铀等28种痕量元素测定值均在参考值的不确定度3～4倍范围,其他痕量元素如镍、铜、钼、锑、钐、铕、铽、铪、铅、铋等10种元素合格率为50%～83%。钠、镁、钾、钙、铁的氧化物和钛等6个项目均在允许误差范围内。氯、硫、磷的合格率均为66.6%。二氧化硅和三氧化二铝测定值和波长色散X射线荧光光谱熔融法测定结果相比,绝对误差分别在0.95%～4.46%和0.60%～1.66%之间。     

Application of an on-line preconcentration system in simultaneous ICP-AES

A PC-controlled on-line preconcentration system (TRACECON) developed by Knapp et al. [11], was connected to a JY-70 Plus simultaneous ICP spectrometer to preconcentrate on-line seven trace elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Mn, V) in biological and environmental samples. EDTrA-cellulose was used as column material. The elemental concentrations were determined by simultaneous ICP-AES. The effect of pH of the sample solution on the enrichment was studied. It was found that the recoveries of chromium and iron depend strongly on the pH of the sample solution. All the elements mentioned were recovered quantitatively at pH 4.0±0.1. The flow rates of sample solution and element solution were optimized. The enrichment factors for seven elements at 5 ml loading volume range from 3.9 for Cu to 7.9 for Zn. The detection limits of all seven elements were improved. The accuracy of the method was tested by the analysis of a number of CRMs of NIST, BCR and NIES. Most results are in good agreement with the certified values.On leave from Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy, Academia Sinica, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China     

Optimization of sample preparation and ICP-MS analysis for determination of 60 elements for characterization of the plant ionome

An ICP-MS method for determination of 60 elements in plant samples is proposed based on optimization of digestion, recommending use of HF besides HNO₃ and H₂O₂ and calibration procedures, using CRMs for construction of calibration curves. Adequate choice of analytical isotopes and various measurement conditions (cold plasma for the determination of Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Si and Sr and DRC mode for determination of Ag, As, Ni, Pd, Pt, Se and V) as well as introduction of appropriate corrections lead to determination of as large number of elements with quadropole ICP-MS as with the more expensive SF-ICP-MS. Two measurements are performed: cold plasma and standard/DRC mode. The analytical characteristics of the method are demonstrated by analysis of five CRMs and the agreement of the experimental results with the certified/information/literature values is very good. Detection limits are low enough to permit the determination of all elements but platinum metals at background level. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by analysis of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) samples collected from regions with different anthropogenic influence. The results indicate high degree of pollution round the Pb-Zn smelter with As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn and increased concentrations of B, Be, Bi, Hg, In, Mn, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, Tl, V and Zr. The dandelion sample, collected along a highway has increased concentrations of traffic released elements: Pt, Pd, Rh, Ce, La, Pb as well as Cu, Zn, Ba and Rb.     

Preparation and certification of two freshwater sediments certified reference materials for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Two freshwater sediments certified reference materials (CRMs) for 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been developed by the Institute for Environmental Reference Materials (IERM) of Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) in China. The methodology for preparing the CRMs of PAHs in sediments is described in this paper. The collected natural sediment samples were air-dried, ground, homogenised, packed, sterilised and tested on stability and homogeneity. Homogeneity results showed that the between-unit variation was confirmed to be below 4.5% for each compound. Stability was assessed after storage of samples for 16 months at temperature less than 30°C and in shade. The certification of the natural sediment matrix CRMs for PAHs was based on the agreement of results using different analytical techniques including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) by no less than eight collaborating laboratories including IERM. Results of the homogeneity showed that the calculated u_bb′ was 0.9–2.5% for environmental river standard-4 (ERS-4) and 9–2.3% for environmental lake standard-1 (ELS-1), whereas stability results of total 16 PAHs indicated that the calculated u_rel,lts was 4.2% for ERS-4 and 2.2% for ELS-1. Certified values of 16 PAHs in ERS-4 varied from 8.5 to 167 μg/kg and ranged from 0.036 to 2.8 mg/kg in ELS-1.The good comparability, together with the independent confirmation of the assigned mass fraction by using different methods, confirmed that the CRMs are suitable for the method validation and quality control in soil or sediments analysis.     

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(HR-ICP-MS)法测定土壤污染状况调查样品中的49种元素

全国重点行业企业用地土壤污染状况调查样品分析工作的特点是项目复杂、配套分析方法种类多,缺乏针对大多数无机元素同时测定的方法。建立了一种基于高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HR-ICP-MS)的分析方法,采用密闭酸溶消解样品,HR-ICP-MS法测定样品中Li、Be、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、As、Rb、Sr、Zr、Nb、Mo、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Te、Cs、Ba、Hf、Ta、W、Tl、Pb、Bi、Th、U以及稀土元素等49种元素。系统研究了质谱干扰并择优选择了测定元素同位素,采用国家一级有证土壤标准物质对方法性能进行了考察,49种元素方法检出限为0.001~0.46 mg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)为0.75%~8.9%,准确度(相对误差RE,Be、As、Cd、Sb)为-5.4%~7.4%,准确度(对数误差ΔlgC,除Te外其余元素)为-0.05~0.04。方法的主要技术参数满足13个企业用地调查分析标准的要求,可为本次调查工作提供一种可借鉴的高效率分析手段。