中红外光谱透射比标准物质研制

采用物化性质稳定的单晶硅作为基质,以直流磁控溅射方式轻蒸镀不同厚度的镍、铬混合膜层,实现了中红外波段(500~4000 cm^–1)不同透射比标准物质的研制。研制的中红外光谱透射比标准物质其透射比标称值分别为10%和50%,扩展不确定度优于0.008(k=2)。该标准物质具有量值稳定、光谱平坦等特点,可用于各类傅里叶变换红外光谱设备的透射比校准。     

~(60)Co-γ射线原位辐射聚合法制备近红外吸收滤光片

设计并合成了2个可溶性的金属酞菁类化合物(A和B)作为近红外吸收染料。其中,染料A是铜酞菁衍生物,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的最大吸收波长为710nm,染料B是钒氧萘酞菁衍生物,在DMF中的最大吸收波长为800nm。将它们加入到丙烯酸酯单体中,采用60 Co-γ射线原位辐射聚合的方法制得了交联型聚丙烯酸酯近红外滤光片。采用紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱仪测定聚丙烯酸酯滤光片的吸收光谱曲线,结果表明:染料A和B均能均匀地分布在丙烯酸酯聚合物中,且聚丙烯酸酯近红外滤光片在DMF、丙酮、甲苯等溶剂中几乎不溶。在聚丙烯酸酯滤光片中,染料A与B的吸收峰范围分别为620~780nm和700~870nm。制备的交联型滤光片对上述波长范围的近红外光有较好的屏蔽作用,耐溶剂性能良好。     

间苯二胺-罗丹明B共聚物的合成及在银离子检测中的应用

通过一步高温水热法合成了间苯二胺-罗丹明B共聚物,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、荧光(PL)等实验对聚合物进行了表征。在激发波长(λex)和发射波长(λem)分别为475 nm和598 nm处聚合物有强荧光产生。在多种金属离子中,随着银离子的加入,聚合物荧光逐渐增强,由此建立了水溶液中银离子测定的荧光分析方法。方法线性检测范围为2×10-10~7×1010mol/L,检出限为1×10-10mol/L。     

紫外可见分光光度计线性范围的校准

建立紫外可见分光光度计线性范围的校准方法。通过实验对紫外可见分光光度计线性范围的校准进行研究,提出了相应的校准方法和技术指标。采用重铬酸钾标准物质进行校准,测量波长为257 nm。线性范围下限不大于1.0×10–3 mg/mL,线性范围上限不小于0.10 mg/mL。该校准方法覆盖了JJG 178–2007 《紫外、可见、近红外分光光度计检定规程》中没有覆盖的吸光度范围,能够实现紫外可见分光光度计全范围吸光度的计量校准。     

葡萄糖酸碳量子点的合成及其光学性能的研究

以葡萄糖酸为碳源,采用微波法、热解法和水热溶液法合成了水溶性较好的蓝色荧光碳量子点。用透射电镜(TEM)观察其形貌,荧光光谱(FL)和紫外可见光谱(UV)探究其激发和发射光谱,用时间分辨光谱(TRF)测其荧光寿命值。微波和热解法制备的碳量子点粒径在2.5~7.5 nm之间,激发波长为360 nm,发射波长为450 nm,荧光发射依赖激发波长,有三个荧光寿命,表面状态不均一。水热法制备的碳量子点,粒径在3.0~8.5 nm之间,激发波长为350 nm,发射波长为430 nm,荧光发射不依赖激发波长,只有一个荧光寿命值,表面状态均一。水热法合成的碳量子点荧光量子产率高为6.01%,为进一步研究葡萄糖酸制备碳量子点提供参考。     

光谱透射比标准物质的研究

研制了紫外、可见、近红外光谱区通用光谱透射比较标准物质。以高纯熔融石英为基片材料，镍铬合金的镀膜材料，采用双光楔对称光胶结构以消除同色杂散光的影响，对镀膜进行光胶处理以保证膜层的强度、稳定性及光学中性，采用高精度分光光度测量装置作为定值手段的以保证准确的定值，设计定位保护架以消除多次反射误差。该光度标准适用的光谱范围的200-2600nm，光谱透射比定值不确定度为0.5%。     

新型水溶性多色荧光碳点的制备及细胞成像研究

以鸡蛋清和牛奶分别与葡萄糖进行水热反应,制备水溶性多色荧光碳点,通过膜和柱层析分离纯化,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外吸收光谱(UV)、荧光光谱(FL)、红外光谱(FTIR)等技术对所制备碳纳米粒子的粒径大小、吸收光谱、发光性质、表面基团进行表征。将所制备的碳点与小鼠黑色素瘤细胞共孵育,进行细胞成像应用评价。结果表明:制备的两种水溶性荧光碳点平均粒径分别为2.5 nm和4.9 nm,可在紫外灯下发出明亮的荧光,紫外最大吸收波长为250 nm。基于鸡蛋清或牛奶与葡萄糖反应制备的多色荧光碳量子点具有良好水溶性,其荧光光谱最大发射波长分别在410 nm和400 nm处,同时在660~800 nm激发波长范围内具有上转换性质,且荧光发射光谱随着激发光波长的增加发生红移。红外光谱表明存在—COOH、—NH2和—OH基团。细胞成像结果表明,在405 nm或488 nm激光照射下,所制备的碳点在细胞内的荧光成像清晰可见,而且在碳点浓度小于2.5 mg/mL时,均表现出较低的细胞毒性。     

一种聚丙烯酸接枝型荧光纳米粒子的制备、性能及细胞成像

将N-氨基-4-N-甲基哌嗪-1,8-萘酰亚胺(AMN)通过酰胺化反应接枝到聚丙烯酸链上,利用生成的聚合物在水溶液中的自组装, 制备了一种水溶性荧光纳米粒子(PAAMN).采用紫外可见光谱、核磁共振氢谱、透射电镜、动态光散射和荧光光谱方法对PAAMN进行了表征,MTT法检测其细胞相容性,最后用荧光显微镜观察其自身荧光及细胞成像效果.实验结果表明, PAAMN为球状结构,萘酰亚胺荧光团的摩尔取代度为4.1%;在生理pH条件下,以390 nm为激发波长,PAAMN在534 nm处发射较强的荧光,且光稳定性较好;在pH 4.0~10.0范围内,其荧光波长无明显变化,荧光强度随pH值增大而逐渐减小,但pH敏感程度小于AMN.PAAMN具有良好的细胞相容性,能进入细胞,且在~390 nm激发光下发射绿色荧光,可用于细胞成像.     

盐酸苯海拉明和曙红B体系的光谱研究及其分析应用

在pH 3.1的Britton-Robison缓冲介质中,曙红B与盐酸苯海拉明借助静电引力和疏水作用力形成离子缔合物,使最大散射波长为364 nm处的共振光散射光谱得到加强。研究了体系的共振光散射光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱。建立了一种测定盐酸苯海拉明的新方法。体系共振光散射增强的强度与盐酸苯海拉明的质量浓度在0.5~11.2 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,方法的检出限为41.7μg/L。可用于药物中盐酸苯海拉明的测定。     

纳米结构钴薄膜电极的制备及其异常红外性能研究

用循环伏安电沉积法在玻碳基底上制备纳米结构钴薄膜, 扫描电子显微镜研究结果表明, 纳米结构钴薄膜主要由平均粒径为150 nm的钴粒子组成, 同时还有为数不多的粒径在400~500 nm的钴粒子. 以CO为探针分子, 结合原位傅里叶变换红外反射光谱研究结果, 发现所制备的纳米结构钴薄膜具有异常红外效应. 吸附态CO发生异常红外吸收, 谱峰增强了26.2倍, 测得线型吸附态COL的Stark系数为77.5 cm-1·V-1.     

PHOTOAGING EFFECTS ON SPECTRAL TRANSMITTANCE OF PLASTIC FILTERS

We examined the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in combination with high levels of infrared (IR) radiation on the spectral transmittance of plastic filters. The biological action spectrum for damage to the human eye and skin changes dramatically in the 300-400 nm wavelength range. Cut-off filters used in this region to shape the spectrum of exposure sources are thus critical to the design of experiments which use broadband light sources. The changes in transmittance of three types of plastic filters were observed over an exposure period of 1000 h. One set of three filters was exposed mainly to UV radiation, while the other set was exposed to UV radiation plus IR radiation. Filters exposed to both UV and IR radiation showed spectral changes in their transmittance, while the filters exposed to UV only showed no measurable changes.     

近红外吸收PC滤光片的制备与性能研究

使用染料-高聚物混合(dye-in-polymer)的方法将近红外吸收染料作为功能添加剂分散在聚碳酸酯(PC)中,采用注塑成型的方法制备了用于夜视兼容照明的近红外吸收滤光片.研究了近红外吸收剂在PC材料中的吸收行为,确定了近红外吸收剂的添加量,最终制备的近红外吸收滤光片在660～930 nm波长范围内有良好的吸收能力,在此波段范围内的光线透过率为0.15%,同时在450～630 nm波长范围内保持了较好的可见光透过性.按照标准测试手段对样品的耐热老化性能,耐光老化性能和力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,制备的近红外吸收滤光片性能稳定,强度大,具有良好的应用性能.     

线型光束可燃气体探测器的校准

介绍线型光束可燃气体探测器的的校准方法。对线型光束可燃气体探测器的示值误差、报警功能、响应时间、光强衰减性能和抗日光干扰性能等主要计量特性及技术指标进行校准,给出了各主要计量特性的校准条件、试验设备和具体校准方法。对两台线型光束可燃气体探测器进行了校准,其示值误差用相对误差表示分别为–5%和4%,用引用误差表示分别为–4%FS和3%FS。经验证,上述结果均未超出设定指标,响应时间等其它主要计量特性也符合方法要求。该方法校准后的计量特性及技术指标较为合理,校准方法切实可行,可以用于线型光束可燃气体探测器的校准。     

PDA/PVDF紫外线屏蔽复合膜的制备及性能表征

利用多巴胺在溶液中自聚得到聚多巴胺(PDA)颗粒, 然后将其作为填料加入聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中, 采用溶液成膜法制备具有紫外线屏蔽功能的PDA/PVDF复合膜. 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对制备的PDA颗粒的结构、 形貌以及吸光度进行表征, 并且进一步利用X 射线衍射仪(XRD)、 差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、 热失重分析仪(TGA)、 接触角测量仪(CA)以及紫外老化箱等对PDA/PVDF复合膜的结构、 热性能、 润湿性能与紫外线屏蔽性能进行测试. 结果表明, 制备的PDA颗粒的粒径约为160 nm; 掺杂PDA之后的PVDF膜的结晶度以及接触角均减小; 并且PDA质量分数为5%时得到的PDA/PVDF复合膜在200400 nm范围内的透过率均低于1%, 能够吸收所有的紫外线, 表现出优异的紫外线屏蔽功能.     

Raman spectroscopy of p-hydroxybenzoic acid aqueous solution and surface-unenhanced Raman scattering on silver colloid with ultraviolet excitation

A high-quality Raman spectrum of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) aqueous solution (10(-2) M) under ultraviolet (UV) excitation at 325 nm was obtained, which could not be observed with visible and near infrared (NIR) excitations due to the low concentration in aqueous solution. However, the surface-unenhanced Raman scattering of PHBA in silver colloid excited by ultraviolet was unexpectedly observed, which was quite different from the cases excited with NIR and visible light, by which the SERS effect was very remarkable. This indicated that the SERS of the PHBA-silver colloid system showed selectivity to excitation wavelength. The enhancement mechanisms at different excitation wavelength regions are discussed.     

Efficacy of different UV-emitting light sources in the induction of T-cell apoptosis

Ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation is a modality widely used for the treatment of different skin diseases. One of the major mechanisms of UV-B immunosuppression in this treatment modality is thought to be an apoptosis-inducing effect on T cells infiltrating the skin. We examined the T-cell apoptosis-induction capacities of four different UV light sources, with and without UV filters. The xenon chloride (XeCl) laser proved to be the strongest apoptosis inducer. The use of a phtalic acid filter eliminated UV radiation almost completely below 300 nm, which resulted in a severe decrease in the apoptosis-inducing capacity of different UV-B sources. Using the results of the measurements with polychromatic UV light sources, the wavelength dependence of UV-B light for the induction of T-cell apoptosis was also determined. The regression line of the action spectrum demonstrated a continuous decrease from 290 to 311 nm. The apoptosis-inducing capacity of the XeCl laser was almost four times higher than the calculated value according to the action spectrum, which might be attributed to the high irradiance of the laser as compared with nonlaser light sources.     

Inspection of Feasible Calibration Conditions for UV Radiometer Detectors with the KI/KIO3 Actinometer

UV radiometers are widely employed for irradiance measurements, but their periodical calibrations not only induce an extra cost but also are time‐consuming. In this study, the KI/KIO₃ actinometer was applied to calibrate UV radiometer detectors at 254 nm with a quasi‐collimated beam apparatus equipped with a low‐pressure UV lamp, and feasible calibration conditions were identified. Results indicate that a washer constraining the UV light was indispensable, while the size (10 or 50 mL) of a beaker containing the actinometer solution had little influence when a proper washer was used. The absorption or reflection of UV light by the internal beaker wall led to an underestimation or overestimation of the irradiance determined by the KI/KIO₃ actinometer, respectively. The proper range of the washer internal diameter could be obtained via mathematical analysis. A radiometer with a longer service time showed a greater calibration factor. To minimize the interference from the inner wall reflection of the collimating tube, calibrations should be conducted at positions far enough away from the tube bottom. This study demonstrates that after the feasible calibration conditions are identified, the KI/KIO₃ actinometer can be applied readily to calibrate UV radiometer detectors at 254 nm.     

Study of dynamic light scattering in nematic liquid crystal and its optical,electrical and switching characteristics

In the present study, the polarisation-independent dynamic light scattering (DLS) in a nematic liquid crystal (LC) with a negative dielectric anisotropy has been compared in two operating modes by applying DC voltage or AC voltage to LC cells with a vertical and hybrid alignment. The attenuation of light transmittance and the DLS optical threshold without polarizers as well as a phase retardation of LC bend–splay deformation and a Fredericks threshold voltage with polarizers have been determined. Diffuse scattering of a light beam and broadband transmittance spectra of LC cells have been examined using the DC voltage in the interval of 0–40 V. Multi-domain structures and turbulent flows in the LC cells have been observed by polarisation optical microscope. The results show that the enhancement of the diffuse scattering of light in the LC cells correlate with ion density increase. The largest attenuation of the light intensity in the LC cells with a vertical alignment was 16.4 dB at a wavelength of 650 nm with a minimum decay time equal to 2.5 ms at DC voltage of 60 V. Our study has been shown that switching from a diffuse light scattering state to a transparent state can be twice accelerated by applying AC voltage with high frequency to LC cells.     

A COMMENT ON SPECTRAL TRANSMITTANCE IN MAMMALIAN SKELETAL MUSCLE

Spectral transmittance studies, related to photoradiation therapy light dosage, were carried out in vitro on mammalian skeletal muscle with expanded beam, broad band, white light (420-1100 nm). Spectra were collected by an EG&G 550/555 spectroradiometer with a 550-2A silicon detector. Bovine striated muscle imposes heavy absorption and distinct spectral structure, reflecting tissue absorption maxima at short wavelengths. Transmission above 650 nm is improved by a 10' factor, relative to blue light, in 1 cm of muscle. Half value layers were 0.82 mm in the 630 nm region, and were sensitive to tissue composition. Bovine muscle exhibited spectral effects related to the cadaver studies done by Wan et at. (1981b) but show singular differences, due primarily to complex tissue composition encountered in cadaver wall measurements, as contrasted with simple muscle. Spectral transmittance is a function of wavelength, tissue type and thickness.     

Cholesteric mixture containing a chiral azobenzene-based dopant: material with reversible photoswitching of the pitch of the helix

A new low molar mass chiral-photochromic dopant was synthesized. It contains a menthyl fragment as the chiral group and an azobenzene group, capable of E - Z photoisomerization, as the photochromic component. The substance obtained was used as a chiral dopant in mixtures with a comb-shaped cholesteric acrylic copolymer with menthyl-containing chiral side groups and phenyl benzoate nematogenic side groups. Such mixtures form a cholesteric mesophase. The chiral dopant led to an additional twisting of the cholesteric helix, i.e. to a shift of the selective light reflection peak to a shorter wavelength region of the spectrum. The initial copolymer gave selective light reflection in the spectral range 1200-1400 nm; the mixture containing 3.5 mol % of chiral-photochromic dopant reflects light with λ_max~ 850 nm. The action of light with λ_ir~ 440 nm results in E - Z isomerization of the azo-group of the chiral dopant and in a shift of the selective light reflection peak to the long wavelength region of the spectrum (amplitude of shift = 30 nm). This is explained by a lower helical twisting power of the Z-isomer of the chiral dopant. This process is thermally reversible: annealing of irradiated films leads to a back shift of the selective light reflection peak to the short wavelength region of the spectrum due to Z - E isomerization. Kinetic features of the direct and backward processes of isomerization were studied: it was shown, that mixtures of the chiralphotochromic azobenzene-containing dopant with cholesteric polymers give new possibilities for the creation of polymer materials with a reversibly regulated helical supramolecular structure which determines their optical properties.