DNA平衡离子凝聚的动态光散射分析

利用动态光散射技术系统地研究了不同化合价的平衡离子氯化钠 (Na⁺)、氯化镁 (Mg²⁺)、三氯六氨络合钴 ([Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺) 和精胺 ([C₁₀N₄H₃₀]⁴⁺) 与DNA之间的相互作用. 实验结果显示, 当缓冲液中只包含Na⁺ 或Mg²⁺, 且浓度c≥ 5 mM时, DNA电泳迁移率之比约为2:1; 当缓冲液单独包含Na⁺或[Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺, 且浓度c≥ 5 mM时, DNA 的电泳迁移率之比约为4.5:1. 而当平衡离子的化合价为4时, 观察到DNA的电泳迁移率由负变正, 意味着发生了电荷反转. 在平衡离子浓度c<5 mM时, 随着离子浓度的增大, 迁移率之比逐渐增大. 对于一价或二价平衡离子情形, 实验结果与Manning的平衡离子凝聚理论的预言相符. 对于三价平衡离子, 实验结果与理论值有明显偏离. 而对于四价离子, 由于发生了DNA电荷逆转, 基于平均场的平衡离子凝聚理论失效. 另外, 通过原子力显微镜观察到当平衡离子的化合价大于等于3 时, DNA分子的构型发生变化. 因此, 自由溶液中的聚电解质的构型和离子关联效应在聚电解质迁移过程中起重要作用. 关键词： 电泳迁移率 平衡离子 动态光散射 DNA     

Determination of the (Na+) Sternheimer antishielding factor by 23Na NMR spectroscopy on sodium oxide chloride, Na3OCl

The (Na⁺) Sternheimer antishielding factor γ_∞ (Na⁺) was determined by ²³Na NMR spectroscopy on sodium oxide chloride, Na₃OCl. The quadrupolar coupling constant of the sodium ion in Na₃OCl was determined to QCC=11.34 MHz, which presents the largest coupling constant of a sodium nucleus observed so far. Applying a simple point charge model, the largest principal value of the electric field gradient at the sodium site was calculated to V_zz=−6.76762·10²⁰ V/m². From these values we calculated the (Na⁺) Sternheimer antishielding factor to γ_∞ (Na⁺)=−5.36. In sodium oxide, Na₂O, we observed an isotropic chemical shift of δ_CS=55.1 ppm, referenced to 1 M aqueous NaCl (δ=0 ppm).     

用23Na NMR研究竹红菌乙素光敏损伤对鼠腹水肝癌细胞Na+通透性的影响

用²³Na NMR技术并借助于水溶性位移试剂Dy(PPPi)₂^7-研究了新型光敏剂-竹红菌乙素光敏损伤对鼠腹水肝癌细胞Na⁺通透性的影响。实验结果表明:在乙素光敏作用下,细胞内Na⁺浓度随曝光时间的延长和乙素浓度增高而增加。同时观察到细胞外²³Na_out NMR峰的化学位移(δ值)随光照时间增加而向低场位移。分析表明:化学位移的改变与细胞膜损伤引起细胞内K⁺泄漏和K⁺、Na⁺竞争位移试剂有关。因此,化学位移的改变也可作为光敏损伤的指标。本文还就Na⁺平衡失调与细胞死亡之间的关系进行了讨论。     

Na+掺杂对LiYF4：Er3+/Yb3+上转换发光性能的影响

上转换发光材料由于低的发光效率,限制了其在太阳电池中的实际应用。为解决此问题,采用溶剂热法制备了LiYF₄：Er³⁺/Yb³⁺上转换发光颗粒,在LiYF₄基质中引入Na⁺来打破Er³⁺周围晶体场的对称性,增强其发光性能。研究了Na⁺掺杂对LiYF₄：Er³⁺/Yb³⁺的结构、形貌及其发光的影响。结果表明：掺杂的Na⁺可以裁剪Er³⁺周围的晶体场,当Na⁺摩尔分数为15%时,得到了较大的发光增强,绿光和红光发射分别获得4.2倍和2.9倍的增强。Er³⁺周围晶体场对称性的降低和材料中OH基团的减少是其发光增强的主要原因。     

Electrochemical study of the silver-sodium substitution in a borosilicate glass

The study of the silver for sodium ions substitution kinetics is carried out using an electrochemical set-up. A silver metal anode, a reference and counter electrode are deposited as thin films on a 0.6 SiO₂-0.2 B₂O₃-0.2 Na₂O glassy electrolyte. The anode dissolution is studied by a chronoamperometric method. The generally proposed interdiffusion models assuming constant diffusion coefficients for both Ag⁺ and Na⁺ cations are not able to justify the experimental voltage time dependence. The deviation from theoretical predictions can be minimised by assuming a mixed cation effect in the glass, taking into account a concentration dependence of the Ag⁺ and Na⁺ diffusion coefficients.     

固体核磁共振结合密度泛函理论计算研究SSZ-39分子筛的钠离子落位与铝分布

具有AEI结构的SSZ-39分子筛的骨架外阳离子落位和铝分布对其催化性能影响显著.AEI笼中有三个结晶学不等价位，且铝取代T位具有一定的倾向性.本文结合固体核磁共振（NMR）技术（²⁷Al/²³Na MQ MAS NMR），以及密度泛函理论（DFT）计算，研究了不同硅铝比Na-SSZ-39分子筛中的Na⁺落位和铝分布.在孤立铝分布的情况下，铝原子优先占据于T3位，Na⁺主要落位于AEI笼中的SIIa0和SIII'a0位点上，其中SIII'a0位点的优先度较高，此外少部分Na⁺还落位于六棱柱内部的SIa0.当铝对存在时，AlSiSiAl分布的铝对占据六元环的对位（T3-T3），对应的Na⁺分别落位于SIIa1和SⅢ'a1位点.随着分子筛结构的部分破坏，游离的Na⁺可能形成明显的SIII'b位点.本文可加深对SSZ-39分子筛构效关系的理解，为更好地调控催化性能奠定基础.     

Na+替位掺杂对Li2MnSiO4的电子结构以及Li+迁移过程的影响

在锂二次电池中, 硅酸锰锂作为正极材料得到广泛研究, 但其固有的电子和离子电导率较低, 直接影响着电池的功率密度和充放电速率. 本文建立了不同浓度的Na⁺离子替位掺杂Li⁺离子形成的Li_1-xNa_xMnSiO₄(x=0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5)结构, 采用第一性原理的方法, 研究了掺杂前后硅酸锰锂的电子结构以及Li⁺离子的跃迁势垒. 发现在Li⁺位替代掺杂Na⁺, 导带底的能级向低能方向发生移动, 降低了Li₂MnSiO₄ 材料的禁带宽度, 有利于提升材料的电子导电性能. 随着掺杂浓度的升高, 禁带宽度逐渐变窄. CI-NEB结果表明, 在Li₂MnSiO₄体系中具有两条有效的Li⁺离子迁移通道, 掺杂Na⁺以后扩大了Li⁺ 离子在[100]晶向上的迁移通道, Li⁺离子的跃迁势垒由0.64 eV降低为0.48, 0.52和0.55 eV. 掺杂浓度为 x=0.125时, 离子迁移效果最佳. 研究表明Na⁺掺杂有利于提高Li₂MnSiO₄材料的离子和电子电导率.     

白光发光二级管用红色荧光粉LiSrBO3: Eu3+的制备与发光性能研究

采用高温固相法制备了LiSrBO₃:xEu³⁺ 荧光粉, 并通过XRD, 红外(FITR) 和荧光光谱(PL) 等对其表征. 结果表明, LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 荧光粉可被波长为395 nm 的紫外线和466 nm 的蓝光有效激发, 且发射主波长为612 nm (Eu³⁺的电偶极跃迁⁵D₀ →⁷F₂) 的红光. 研究了Eu³⁺ 掺杂浓度对LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 材料发光强度的影响, Eu³⁺ 掺杂浓度为6% 时样品的发射强度最大, 并且证实Eu³⁺ 之间的能量传递机制为电偶极子- 电偶极子相互作用. Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ 作为电荷补偿剂的引入全部导致LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 材料发射强度增强, 其中, Li⁺ 的引入要优于Na⁺ 和K⁺. 少量Al³⁺的掺杂降低了Eu³⁺ 所处格位的对称性, 增强了Eu³⁺ 的612 nm 的电偶极发射, 改善了LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 红色材料的色纯度. 关键词： 白光发光二级管 光致发光 浓度猝灭 电荷补偿剂     

用23Na、14N NMR方法测定Na+、NH4+与18-冠-6在水溶液中的络合平衡常数

用与Popov等不同的多核NMR化学位移方法测定了水溶液中Na⁺及NH₄⁺与18-冠-6的络合平衡常数K分别为logK=0.72和logK=1.21。对实验方法、多核线宽等进行了讨论。     

单颗粒稀土微/纳晶体上转换荧光行为的光谱学探究

利用激光共聚焦显微镜系统研究了系列单颗粒NaYF_4:Yb/Er微晶的上转换荧光强度、空间分布和动力学过程.结果表明:荧光强度和动力学过程不但依赖于样品的长径比,而且依赖于样品的具体制备途径.荧光强度和红色荧光寿命随样品长径比的增大而增大,在具有相同长径比的NaYF_4:Yb/Er微米棒中,相比于调柠檬酸的量,调控pH制备的样品展示了更优异的上转换荧光特性.更有趣的是:不同样品的荧光图案展示了异向空间分布,暗示了其在编码和显示等领域的应用优势.荧光特性依赖于样品长径比和制备过程的物理机理被进一步研究和揭示:在微米晶体内,荧光强度主要依赖于样品的晶格内Na~+缺陷的数量.该研究为高效上转换荧光材料的合成积累了数据,而NaYF_4:Yb/Er微晶中红色荧光寿命对晶格缺陷更加敏感的特性也可能使其成为晶格结晶度的探针.     

Luminescent properties of Ce in MSO4 (M: Ca, Sr and Ba) and the effect of Na co-doping

The optical properties of Ce³⁺ in CaSO₄, SrSO₄ and BaSO₄ are reported. The Ce³⁺ ion shows 4f⁰5d¹→²F_5/2,²F_7/2 luminescence in all three sulphates. Co-doping with Na⁺ does not change the local surrounding of the Ce³⁺ ion, but enhances the amount of Ce³⁺ ions built in. Under optical excitation, besides the typical Ce³⁺ doublet emission in the ultraviolet spectral region, band emission around 445 nm was observed. This band emission was not assigned to emission from a Ce³⁺ centre, but to emission from an impurity-trapped exciton. Under X-ray excitation, both Ce³⁺ emission and an emission band around 380 nm was observed. This band was assigned to emission from a self-trapped exciton.     

Ionic conduction properties of layer-type oxides NaxMx/2Ti1−x/2O2 (M=Ni, Co; 0.60≤x≤1.0)

Layer-type oxide Na_xM_x/2^IITi_1−x/2^IVO₂ (M=Co, Ni; 0.60≤x≤1.0) has been prepared by solid state reactions. In both series, two structural variants of type -NaFeO₂ (O3) and β-RbScO₂ (P2) have been obtained consecutively as x decreases with a borderline composition around x_c0.7. With the decrease of x, the ionic conductivity has been found to increase up to 8.4×10⁻² S cm⁻¹ at 770 K (Na_0.67Co_0.33Ti_0.67O₂). Compositions of P2 have been found to exhibit the conductivity values two to five times greater than those of O3, primarily due to the larger rectangular threshold available for the diffusion of Na⁺ ions. Such a structural effect has also been considered to depend on the polarizability of alkali ion. HT-XRD and ²³Na-NMR data of Na_0.67Co_0.33Ti_0.67O₂ strongly suggest that the diffusion of Na⁺ ion is deeply related with the local distortion of trigonal prismatic sites, leading to the change of activation energy around 430 K.     

Understanding charge transfer of Li~+ and Na~+ ions scattered from metal surfaces with high work function

For Li~+ and Na~+ ions scattered from high work function metal surfaces, efficient neutralization is observed, and it cannot be explained by the conventional free electron model. In order to explain these experimental data, we investigate the velocity-dependent neutral fraction with the modified Brako–Newns(BN) model. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data. We find that the parallel velocity effect plays an important role in neutralizing the Li~+ and Na~+ ions for large angle scattering. The nonmonotonic velocity behavior of neutral fraction is strongly related to the distance-dependent coupling strength between the atomic level and metal states.     

K,Na掺杂Cu-S纳米晶的水热合成及对结构、性能的影响

利用水热合成技术, 分别以CuCl₂·2H₂O, 硫粉为铜源和硫源, 以KOH或NaOH为矿化剂, 成功合成了Cu₂S纳米晶体和碱金属离子掺杂的KCu₇S₄纳米线和NaCu₅S₃ 微纳米球. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、电子能谱(EDS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和高分辨率透射电镜 (HRTEM) 对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征和分析. 结果显示: KOH含量低于1g或NaOH低于2g时, 产物为斜方辉铜矿Cu₂S; 高碱含量 (不低于3g) 时, K或Na离子成功掺入产物结构中, K掺杂产物为纯净的四方相KCu₇S₄, 单晶结构, 尺寸均匀, 长度可达几十微米的纳米线; Na掺杂未改变产物的形貌, 形成六方晶系结构的NaCu₅S₃. 产物的形成和生长与反应温度、反应时间和矿化剂密切相关. 并讨论了Cu₂S纳米晶及其掺杂纳米晶的形成机理及掺杂机理. 最后研究了碱金属离子掺杂对产物的光学性能的影响, 漫反射光谱显示Cu₂S, KCu₇S₄和NaCu₅S₃纳米晶的光学带隙分别为1.21eV, 0.49eV和0.42eV, K⁺和Na⁺的掺杂, 极大的改变了产物的光学特性. 关键词： 7S₄')" href="#">KCu₇S₄ 5S₃')" href="#">NaCu₅S₃ 水热法 掺杂     

白光LED用荧光材料Sr3B2O6:Eu3+,Na+的制备及发光性能

采用高温固相法合成了可用于白光LED的Sr3 B2 O6:Eu3+,Na+荧光粉.研究了煅烧时间、稀土Eu3+掺杂量等条件对材料发光性能的影响.结果表明:适量掺人Eu3+、Na+之后,基质的晶格结构未发生变化;稀土Eu3+掺杂摩尔分数为6％,煅烧时间为3h时最佳;作为电荷补偿剂的Na+的引入,较大地提高了荧光粉发光强度...     

Self-trapped excitons perturbed by Na in KCl crystal

The optical absorption and emission induced by electron irradiation of Na⁺-doped KCl was measured and new absorption and emission bands which decay at the same time constant were found and ascribed to the self-trapped exciton perturbed by Na⁺ impurity.     

Local structure of molten NaClO3 and KClO3 analyzed by pulsed neutron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and molecular orbital calculation

The short range structure of NaClO₃ and KClO₃ melts was investigated by time-of-flight neutron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and molecular orbital calculation. The structural parameters for each atomic pair were optimized in the Q-space, and the near neighbor Cl&&z.sbnd;O and O---O distances in the discrete ClO₃⁻ ion were evaluated at 0.147 nm and 0.235 nm for NaClO₃ melt, respectively, the corresponding values for KClO₃ melt being 0.149 nm and 0.239 nm. The coordination number of O around Cl was almost equal to 3. Four peaks were observed in Raman spectra of these melts, being identified as the vibrational modes typical of a ClO₃ trigonal pyramid. The arrangements of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions relative to the ClO₃⁻ ion were discussed and the optimized structure of NaClO₃ and KClO₃ melts was determined.     

Cu掺杂天然方钠石的VUV-Vis发光特性

采用高温固相法制备了Cu掺杂天然方钠石光致发光粉末。使用电子探针能谱分析（EDS）和微区分析（EPMA）测出了天然方钠石所含的主要化学成分。用X射线衍射（XRD）研究了Cu掺杂对方钠石结构的影响。室温下测量了真空紫外-紫外-可见光光谱。结果表明,激发光谱中171 nm处的激发带属于基质吸收;202,255,280,290 nm左右的激发带是Cu⁺离子的3d¹⁰→3d⁹4s跃迁引起的。Cu在方钠石晶体中以两种位置存在,分别为Cu⁺离子在Na⁺离子晶格位置上出现的Cu1位置和复合层间的Cu2位置,并形成Cu⁺ 离子的Cu1和Cu2发光中心。用不同波长光激发Cu1和Cu2发光中心得到的峰值分别位于420 nm和470 nm的蓝色荧光来源于Cu⁺离子内的3d⁹4s→3d¹⁰电子跃迁。对样品的发光机理及浓度猝灭过程进行了探讨和研究。     

Poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin)/NaI: a promising polymer electrolyte for photoelectrochemical cells

We have investigated the thermal and ionic conductivity properties of the elastomer poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin) filled with NaI and I₂. The reason for using this composition is its potential application as electrolyte in photoelectrochemical cells. This copolymer was characterized as a function of NaI concentration, temperature and relative humidity. According to the data obtained, the Na⁺ ion interacts with the ethylene oxide repeating units by means of Lewis type acid–base interactions. The empirical Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher equation was used to model the conductivity and temperature relationships, indicating that the conduction occurs in the amorphous phase of the copolymer. The sample with 9.0% (w/w) of NaI presents a conductivity of 1.5×10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ in a dry atmosphere (30°C, [H₂O]<1 ppm) and 2.0×10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at 86% relative humidity (22°C).