Lipids of elaeagnus fruit

The composition of the classes of lipids of the fruit of three morphological forms of the elaeagnusElaeagnus angustifolia L. have been studied. Their compositions were identical. The amounts of the main lipid classes of extracts of the seeds and pericarps, the fatty acid compositions of the acyl-containing classes of lipids, and the compositions of the carbohydrates and sterols have been determined. The fatty oil of the seeds contained linoleic acid, while the main fatty acids of the pericarp extracts were the 16:0, 18:1, and 18:2 acids. The 16:1 acid that is characteristic for sea buckthorn oil was detected in the elaegnus fruit in insignificant amounts. The class of sterols, both in the free and in the esterified states, was represented by -sitosterol. The main hydrocarbon of the pericarps and seeds was nonacosane.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 17–21, January–February, 1990.     

Lipids ofZizyphus jujuba

The acyl-containing classes of neutral lipids have been studied and the amounts of phospholipids and their fatty acid composition have been determined in the pericarps and seeds ofZizyphus jujuba. The fatty oil of the seeds contains oleic acid while in the neutral lipids of the pericarps the main acid is the biologically active palmitoleic. In the qualitative respect, the set of phospholipids in the seeds is more diverse, while the main classes quantitatively in both parts of the fruit are phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylglycerols. The phospholipids of the pericarps are more saturated than those of the seeds.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 21–24, January–February, 1990.     

Study of the oils of some species ofAmygdalus

Conclusions 1. The oils of wild almonds are very similar in fatty acid composition and physical and chemical properties to the oil of cultivated almonds.2. The oils ofAmygdalus bucharica andA. Petounnicovii have a higher content of triunsaturated glycerides than the oil of cultivated almonds.3. The replacement of cold pressing of almond kernels by low-temperature extraction does not adversely affect the quality of the oils. They do not contain any hydrocyanic acid and, according to pharmacological tests, can be recommended as medicinal oils.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 402–406, 1970     

Oils of the seeds of Ziziphora pedicellata and Eremostachys molluceloides

Summary The fatty oils of the seeds of the wild speciesZiziphora pedicellata andEremostachys molluceloides (Labiatae) have been investigated. The glyceride, pigment, and hydrocarbon compositions of these oils and the fatty-acid composition of the oil ofZ. pedicellata have been determined.The oil ofE. molluceloides contains laballenic acid.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 324–328, May–June, 1975.     

Investigation of the protein composition of the seeds ofCitrullus vulgaris

The total protein content amounts to 60% of the defatted flour or 14-15% of the weight of watermelon seeds. Water-, salt-, alcohol-, and alkali-soluble fractions of the proteins have been isolated and their percentage amounts in the seeds have been determined. More than half the total protein (53.3 %) consists of globulins - the reserve proteins of the seeds. The seeds contain about 30% of lipids, which form a valuable component of them and may serve as an additional source of nutrient plant oil. Using the method of amino acid scales a comparative analysis has been made of the biological value of the watermelon seed proteins with standard proteins.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 431–434, May–June, 1995. Original article submitted May 30, 1994.     

Seed oils of four species of the family Caprifoliaceae

Summary The fatty-acid and triglyceride compositions of the oils of the seeds of four species of Central Asian representatives of the family Caprifoliaceae have been studied. A great diversity of the fatty acids in the oil ofSambucus nigra has been established; this differs from the other oils studied by a high content of linolenic acid (more than 30%). It has been shown that the distribution of the acyl radicals in the triglycerides corresponds to the law of random distribution. All the oils contain about 1–2% of hydroxy keto acids occupying the -position in the triglycerides.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 435–439, July–August, 1974.     

Composition of the seed oils ofOriganum tyttanthum andMentha asiatica

Summary The fatty oils of the seeds ofOriganum tyttanthum andMentha asiatica (family Labiatae) have been investigated. The glyceride and fatty-acid compositions of the two oils have been determined. From the oil ofM. asiatica have been isolated the new acid 9-hydroxyoctadeca-12-cis,15-cis-dienoic acid and a mixture of six unsaturated oxo acids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 149–155, March–April, 1976.     

A new acid from the oil of the seeds of Sambucus nigra

Summary A new keto hydroxy acid (I) C₁₈H₃₀O₆ has been isolated from the fatty oil of the seeds ofSambucus nigra in an amount of 2% of the total fatty acids. A study of its chemical properties and spectral characteristics has shown that it is probably 11-hydroxy-9,15,16-trioxooctadeconoic acid, and that it consists of a keto-enol mixture containing about 30% of the two equiprobable tautomers (II and III); it has been given the name of caprifolonic acid.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 3–8, January–February, 1972.     

Composition of the lipids of cottonseed hulls

The lipids of the hulls of seeds of the cotton plant have been studied. It has been established that the fatty acid compositions of the triacylglycerols, the sterol esters, the free fatty acids, the monoacylglycerols, and the polar fractions are identical. However, in the waxes the set of acids is more diverse and is distinguished by a high content (62%) of palmitic acid.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 44–47, January–February, 1981.     

Epoxy and hydroxy acids of the seed oil ofGaleopsis bifida

The lipids of the seeds of the hemp nettle, which is toxic for ruminants have been studied. The composition of the fatty acids of five classes of lipids and the position-species composition of the triacylglycerols have been determined. The presence of epoxyacyl- and hydroxyacylglycerols in the oil and the structures of the acids of these lipids have been established. Squalene has been isolated from the oil.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 288–295, May–June, 1981.     

Seed oil ofArtemisia absinthium

The oil of the seeds ofArtemisia absinthium has yielded 95.5% of glycerides. Of these, 59.5% consists of unoxidized and 32.0% of oxidized triglycerides, 1.3% of diglycerides, and 2.7% of monoglycerides. The remaining 4.5% of the oil is made up of hydrocarbons, sterols, sterol acetates, and free fatty acids. The oxy acid content has been calculated from the results obtained (12% of the total fatty acids of the oil) and this figure is close to that for the oxy acid content found from the neutralization number of the mixture of fatty acids of the oil (11%).Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent, Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 471–477, July–August, 1979.     

Polar lipids of cotton seeds and the products of their processing

The compositions and amounts of polar lipids in cotton seeds and the products of their processing have been investigated. Six glycolipids have been identified, the main ones being monogalactosyldiglyceride (MGDGs), digalactosyldiglycerides (DGDGs), and sterol glycosides. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. In the glycolipids, saturated fatty acids — palmitic and stearic — predominated.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 194–198, March–April, 1993.     

Effect of infection byVerticillium dahliae on the lipid complex of cotton seeds from varieties with contrasting resistance

The yields and fatty acid compositions of the free lipids and lipids weakly and strongly bound to proteins from seeds of cottonplant varieties resistant and susceptible to verticillium wilt have been determined and the changes in these indices in the seeds of the infected plants have been measured. It has been established that the seeds of healthy plants of the two varieties are similar in the qualitative compositions of the lipids and fatty acids but differ with respect the amounts of lipids in them bound with protein in different ways and with respect to the amounts of the individual fatty acids. The observed changes in the lipid and fatty-acid compositions depend on the degree of resistance of the variety to wilt.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 605–608, September–October, 1994.     

Lipids of the fruit ofAcanthopanax sessiliflorus

In the lipids of the seeds and pericarp of the introduced speciesAcanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Seem (familyAraliaceae), 23 classes of compounds have been detected, of which 19 have been identified. Sixteen of the classes have been studied. The lipids of the pericarp contain a more complex set of components than the seeds. Hydroxyacyldiacylglycerides, fatty acid methyl esters, and a complex group of pthalicacidesters have been detected in the familyAraliaceae for the first time. The fatty acid compositions of the seed and pericarp lipids are characterized by a high level of petroselinic acid.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 760–766, November–December, 1985.     

The seed oil of Catalpa. I

Summary 1. The fatty-acid compositions of the seed oils of catalpas cultivated in the Soviet Union have been studied.2. The oil content of the seeds is 21.2–36.7%, the refractive index 1.4905–1.5400, and the iodine number 184.8–201.7.3. The following fatty acids have been found in catalpa oil (%): palmitic — 1.3–4.3; stearic — 1.1–2.5; heneicosanoic — 0.5–5.2; oleic — 5.5–9.8; linoleic — 39.6–50.3; linolenic — 0.4–1.8; and eleostearic — 32.8–46.2.4. The most accurate results for characterizing the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids of the catalpa seed oils are given by Woburn's method of determining iodine numbers. The iodine numbers obtained experimentally agree with those calculated and consequently the addition of halogen to the system of double bonds takes place at all the double bonds.5. The degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids of catalpa oil characterized by the iodine numbers and refractive indices increases in the sequence of species southern, northern, teas, Chinese and has a tendency to rise on passing to more northerly zones, which is one more piece of evidence confirming the correctness of S. L. Ivanov's climatic theory of the structure of fats.Kalinin Polytechnic Institute. Moscow Branch of the All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Fats. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 331–337, May–June, 1977.     

Investigation of the fatty oil of the seeds ofPrangos pabularia Lindl

Summary The seeds of the resin-bearing plantPrangos pabularia Lindl. contain 17–19% of a complex mixture of substances extractable with petroleum ether, including 6.54% of fatty oil. The following saturated acids have been found in the oil: behenic, arachidic, stearic, and palmitic; and the following unsaturated acids: linoleic, oleic, and petroselinic, which is characteristic for the family Umbelliferae.The non-glyceride complex of the oil has been shown to contain -carotene and another pigment of undetermined structure, the hydrocarbon n-nonacosane, and, two coumarin derivatives, osthol and another with mp 109°, the structure of the latter not having been established.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 202–208, 1965     

The seed oil ofNepeta cataria

Summary In a study of the glyceride and fatty-acid compositions of the neutral lipids ofN. cataria seeds the presence of di- and monoglycerides in the lipids has been established. It has been shown that the predominating acid in all the glycerides is the 18:3 acid and the main types of triglycerides are those in which the position is esterified with the 18:2 acid and, to a smaller extent, the 18:3 acid.Natural fatty acid methyl esters have been isolated from a seed oil of a higher plant for the first time.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 174–176, March–April, 1978.     

Phospholipids of the ripening seeds ofSophora japonica

The change in the class and fatty acid compositions of the phospholipids during ripening of the seeds of the Japanese Pagoda tree (buds, flowers, unripe and ripe seeds) have been studied. It has been found that the ripening of the seeds is accompanied by complex transformations in the phospholipid complex indicating the important role of phospholipids in the processes of biosynthesis.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 281–284, May–June, 1985.     

Phospholipids of ripeSophora japonica seeds

Nine classes of lipids have been isolated in homogenous form from ripe seeds of the Japanese pagoda tree, and their fatty acid compositions have been established. The positional distributions of the fatty acids in the phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylinositols have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 578–582, July–August, 1997.     

Fruit lipids of four rose varieties

A study has been made of the fruit lipids of four vitamin-bearing varieties of rose: Vorontsovskii-1, Vorontsovskii-3, Besshipnyi, and Vitaminnyi of VNIIVI [All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of the Vitamin Industry], that have been introduced into Tashkent Botanical Garden. It has been found that the oil is concentrated mainly in the seeds — about 9% — and the carotenoids in the pericarp — 2613–3933 mg% of the weight of the lipids. Essential fatty acids make up 61.5–70.6% of the weight of the fruit fatty acids.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 674–675, September–October, 1995. Original article submitted April 22, 1995.