Characterization of silicon photodiode-based trap detectors and establishment of spectral responsivity scale

Spectral responsivity scale was established at National Metrology Institute of Turkey (UME) between 350 and 850 nm wavelength ranges. The scale is based on UME made reflection type trap detector consisting of three single element silicon photodiodes. Various measurements systems were established in order to make optical characterization of trap detectors like linearity, polarization sensivity, uniformity and spectral responsivity. The absolute responsivity linked to the absolute optical power was obtained using improved laser stabilization optics and electrical substitution cryogenic radiometer system at discrete laser wavelengths. Using physical models for the trap detectors, reflectance and internal quantum efficiency the scale was realized with an expanded uncertainty of 0.05%.     

Realization of relative responsivity scale with the electrically calibrated pyroelectric radiometer

In UME, the relative spectral responsivity scale extending from 250 to 2500 nm was realized using electrically calibrated pyroelectric radiometer (ECPR). Its absolute spectral responsivity was determined against the electrical substitution cryogenic radiometer (ESCR) facility at 488.1, 514.6, 532.0, and 632.8 nm with an uncertainty of 1 part in 10⁴ (k=2). The relative spectral responsivity scale of ECPR was derived from the surface reflectance data and absolute spectral responsivity data for the mentioned spectral range. Optical characterization of its spatial non-uniformity (at 632.8 nm) and surface reflectance (over 250–2500 nm wavelength region) indicated that the gold-black absorber is spectrally flat within 0.1%. The total expanded uncertainty in the realization of the mentioned radiometric scale along with ECPR was estimated as 1.74%.     

Improvements of optical power scale realization with a CCD-based laser stabilization system

This paper deals with improvements in the measurements of optical power by using CCD-based stabilization optics. Absolute optical power scale has been realized at discrete laser wavelengths of vertically polarized tuneable Ar⁺, fixed He–Ne and fixed Nd:YAG (with second harmonic) laser sources. Electrical-substitution cryogenic radiometer was operated at the helium temperature for this purpose. To make measurements on the metrological level the intensities of lasers were stabilized to better than 0.004% by using an established system. Using the highly collimated and stabilized lasers, whose beam shape and dimension were adjusted properly, leads us to measure the absolute optical powers with an uncertainty in the order of 10⁻⁴.     

高精度太阳辐照度仪的光谱扫描测量

为了实现对太阳辐射的绝对测量和大气特性的精确反演,研制了光谱覆盖范围在0.4~1.0μm的高精度太阳光谱辐照度仪。太阳辐照度仪采用Fèry棱镜实现入射太阳光的色散,闭环控制光谱扫描机构的方法实现光谱扫描。论文详细介绍了太阳辐照度仪光谱扫描测量部分的设计。给出了Fèry棱镜的设计要求,实现单一元件完成光谱色散;利用陷阱探测器进行光谱采集,保证了测量精度;结合探测器的性能参数,说明了温控的需求和方法;介绍了光谱扫描结构的设计方法,实现了精确的波长定位;给出了音圈电机的参数、稳定性和供电要求,实现了0.025%的波长定位误差。开展室外观测实验,实现了0.4~1.0μm波段的太阳细分光谱扫描测量,并分别与可见-短波红外光谱仪和自动太阳光度计(CE318)进行了对比。结果表明,辐照度仪的光谱扫描测量结果的吸收峰波长值吻合,与CE318全天测量数据的相对偏差小于0.13%,可见波段的光学厚度的相对偏差小于2%,近红外波段的相对偏差小于4%。     

输入电功率在大范围内变动时声致发光与电功率之间的关系

采用频率为１．１ＭＨｚ，声辐射面积为３ｃｍ＾２换能器，在输入电功率０－１２０Ｗ范围内研究了被空气自然饱和纯水中声致发光强度和输入电功率在大范围内变化时的关系，结果表明，声致发光在输入电功率为７０－９０Ｗ之间，不再随输入电功率的增加而增加，呈现出饱和现象，在饱和值的出现前，发光强度随输入电功率的增加呈不规则的阶状增加，在饱和值结束后，随输入电功率的增加，发光强度迅速减小，本文对实验结果进行了些定性的     

一种微波光子探测器组件的封装设计与实现

为实现微波光子系统的高集成度、高可靠性,进行了一种微波光子探测器组件的封装设计与实现。介绍了定制化封装设计思路,选择可伐合金作为壳体材料,采用的卧式贴装方案中选用斜面透镜光纤,给出了封装工艺流程和关键工艺点,最终封装的组件光电耦合效率在68%～79%之间,满足总体指标需求。该组件通过混合集成封装方法,实现了微波芯片与光子芯片在同一封装内的阵列化集成及气密性封装。该组件的封装设计与实现方法,可用于其他微波光子产品,有助于提升光载射频传输系统的集成度与可靠性。     

New calibration method for position detector for simultaneous measurements of force constants and local viscosity in optical tweezers

We present a new method to calibrate a quadrant photodiode used as position detector to monitor latex beads trapped in optical tweezers. The method combines the dragging Stoke’s force with the thermal noise analysis (power spectral density (PSD)) of the Brownian motion of the trapped bead. Position detector calibrations used in other similar methods normally utilise a bead attached to the coverslip: the voltage-position calibration factor is found by translating the bead across the waist of a laser beam. The so determined calibration factor is then assumed to be the same when beads are investigated in the optical trap. This procedure presents some drawbacks since attached beads can be affected by proximity effects due to the coverslip glass surface which alter the position sensor response itself. On the contrary, our method is able to provide, simultaneously, the calibration factor, the trap stiffness, and the local viscosity of the medium making use of a single trapped bead.     

Nanotube based hybrid plasmon polariton waveguide for propagation loss reduction and enhanced field confinement inside the gap region at the subwavelength scale

We present a comprehensive numerical investigation on the guiding properties of a nanotube based hybrid plasmonic waveguide, which comprises a high-index dielectric nanotube placed above a metallic substrate. It is shown that the incorporation of the nanotube offers additional freedom for tuning the optical performance of the hybrid plasmonic structure when compared to the traditional nanowire based hybrid counterparts, which enables further reduction of the propagation loss and enhanced field confinement inside the gap region, while simultaneously maintaining a subwavelength mode size at appropriate geometries. Systematic geometric parameters mapping considering the size of the nanotube and the dimension of the gap reveals that the tradeoff between the confinement and loss could be further balanced through optimizing key physical parameters. These investigations potentially lay the groundwork for the further applications of nanotube based hybrid structures.     

大型航空声学风洞消声室建设与校测

风洞试验是进行民用飞机机体噪声研究的重要手段。为了满足航空飞行器低噪声设计在大型风洞中进行气动噪声试验的需求,中国航空工业空气动力研究院建设了FL-10大型低速风洞全消声室。通过在FL-10风洞试验大厅壁面安装吸声尖劈、对洞体外表面进行声学处理、对支撑系统进行隔声处理、对消声换气窗进行降噪处理等手段,建成了气动噪声风洞试验所需的声学环境。按照国家标准中给定的方法,利用张线方法实现了校准声源的布置,测量了消声室内沿不同路径、不同频率噪声的衰减规律,表明FL-10风洞消声室自由场特性达到了相应标准的要求,为后续在该风洞中进行大尺寸机体模型噪声试验奠定了基础。     

海冰高光谱辐射测量系统的设计及应用

海冰是地球气候系统中的关键要素之一,为此设计了用于测量海冰光学特性的海冰高光谱辐射测量系统,可实现3个通道的同时测量,设计了2种类型的光学探头,解决了探头水密性的问题,搭配“L”型支架实现冰下辐射的现场测量。设计了双向反射率支架,搭配角度传感器可实现探头于任一角度位置对海冰双向反射率的测量。系统积分时间智能设定,实现了积分时间设定的最优化和自动化。解决了低温工作的难题。另外系统还集成了4个温度探头和1个全球定位系统GPS。通过在辽东湾附近海域对海冰的现场实验,验证了系统的可靠性及准确性。     

光纤传感颜色识别系统的设计与实现

利用光电传感技术进行颜色识别可以克服传统识别方法的许多不足,能辨别出微小的颜色变化并大幅度提高测试精确度。通过探测物体的后向反射光,一种采用反射式数字光纤传感器设计的颜色识别系统得以实现。由于不同颜色的被测物体对光信号吸收和反射能力不同,它可以根据反射光的强弱来识别颜色。实验证明采用光纤传感器可以实现近距离范围内对被测物体任意区域的非接触式测量,测量范围宽、测试精度高,在表面探测中具有很好的应用前景。     

Attenuation and depolarization of millimeter waves due to incoherent scattering in tropical rainfall

The radiative transfer equation has been applied to investigate the effects of multiple scattering on communication at the millimeter wavelength in tropical rain. Horizontal linearly polarized incident waves are assumed. The scattering characteristics are calculated using the Mie theory at frequencies of 16, 34.8, 82, 140 and and at rainfall rates of 12.5, 50 and . Some results of the directional patterns of the incoherent intensities at various points in the rain medium are presented. The frequency dependence of the propagation distance, attenuation coefficient and the variation of incoherent specific intensities in tropical rainfall are investigated. The incoherent power at the receiver relative to the coherent power, which is important in assessing the quality of signal in the receiver, is also investigated. It is observed that the maximum incoherent copolarized received power is about in tropical rainfall at rainfall rate. Also the difference between the copolarized incoherent power in tropical and temperate rainfall is about at frequencies higher than , and about for the cross-polarized incoherent power components. It may therefore be safely said that multiple scattering may not result in serious degradation of the coherent wave component even in the most intense tropical precipitation. It also appears that it is independent of regional rainfall climatology.     

The effect of the scale factor on the focusing properties of a vortex gas flow

An experimental study is carried out to investigate a bilateral direct-flow vortex tube of small (0.3–3.0)·10⁻² m) size and to compare its optical properties with those characteristics of vortex tubes of a larger ((3–16)\10⁻² m) scale. A model is suggested for forming transverse profiles of the intensity of laser beams with an intensity hole in the center and of annular beams. Translated from Zhural Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 386–389, May–June, 1997     

压水堆堆芯功率分布在线监测计算中的探测器失效诊断与处理方法

作为堆芯功率分布在线监测计算的重要输入参数,堆内中子探测器的测量数据对堆芯功率分布在线监测具有重要影响,因此在线监测计算中探测器失效的诊断和处理十分必要。采用谐波展开法进行堆芯功率分布的在线监测计算,采用直接观察法、探测器测量值比较法以及探测器重构值比较法分三个阶段对探测器失效进行诊断。基于以上理论,在在线监测系统NECP-ONION中加入探测器失效诊断功能,利用BEAVRS基准题对失效诊断和处理进行验证。数值结果表明,将三阶段的诊断方法结合使用,不仅可以有效判断探测器完全失效的情况,同时对于探测器测量值偏离正常值也具有判断能力。对于探测器失效的处理,NECP-ONION具有较好的探测器失效承受能力。当探测器测量值严重偏离正常值时,程序可诊断其失效并去除错误测量值信息后进行重构;当偏离正常值不足以做出失效诊断时,在线监测程序监测计算精度在可接受范围内。     

Focusing properties of Gaussian beam with superimposed left-handed and right-handed helical phase fronts

Vector diffraction theory is employed to investigate the focusing properties of the Gaussian beams with superimposed left-handed and right-handed helical phase fronts theoretically. Numerical simulations show that the intensity distribution in focal region can be altered considerably by adjusting topological charge m corresponding to right-handed helix and topological charge n corresponding to left-handed helix. Many novel focal pattern may occur. It was shown that the focal pattern evolves from one intensity peak to multiple intensity peaks with changing the topological charge m and n, and all the intensity peaks form in a circle. As the number of intensity peaks is the sum of m and n, the focal pattern can be controlled through adjusting the topological charge m and n. And in order to show the possible applications of these alterable foci pattern, some optical gradient force distributions were also calculated and illuminated.     

He-Ne激光器旁侧光谱强度与激光输出功率的关系

理论分析和实验结果都证明：He-Ne激光器的旁侧光谱强度与激光输出功率有着密切的关系．对于3S2能级，有激光输出的粒子数少于无激光输出的粒子数，而对于2P4能级，有激光输出的粒子数多于无激光输出的粒子数．对于3S2和2P4能级都有如下关系：有无激光输出的粒子数差随激光输出功率单调变化，前单调上升，后单调下降；当激光输出功率增大到一定值时，粒子数差变化很小。     

基于倏逝场耦合的石墨烯波导光传输相位特性仿真与实验研究

石墨烯材料应用到各种光波导器件中正成为新一代光子器件的重要发展方向之一,目前基于石墨烯的光纤和集成光子器件研究越来越受到国内外的重视. 本文建立了一种由微纳光纤耦合光倏逝场,并在石墨烯薄膜中传输的模型. 通过有限元分析法,研究了光在这种石墨烯波导中传输光场的强度分布和相位特性,并通过实验进行了验证. 结果表明,沿着微纳光纤-石墨烯光波导传播的倏逝场的强度分布和相位均受石墨烯材料作用,石墨烯材料能有效聚集和导行波导中传输的高阶模,在单位传输长度上具有更密集的等相位面. 本文提出了一种利用微纳光纤耦合光倏逝场研究石墨烯相位响应特性的新方法,对基于石墨烯波导的新型调制器、滤波器、激光器和传感器等光子器件的设计和应用具有一定的参考意义. 关键词： 石墨烯平面光波导 倏逝波 光场强度 相位     

Chemical Effect on K Shell X-ray Fluorescence Parameters and Radiative Auger Ratios of Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn Complexes

对钴、镍、铜、锌元素组成的不同配合物K壳层X射线的产生截面、谱线强度比、俄歇辐射强度比进行了测定,同时研究了化学效应对K壳荧光参数和俄歇辐射强度比的影响,并根据电荷转移过程解释了这些参数的变化. 采用59.5 keV的γ射线²⁴¹Am的环形放射源对样品进行激发. 用分辨率为150eV的Ultra-LEGe探测器在5.9 keV测定样品产生的K壳X射线.     

大气汽溶胶微粒子光学截面及红外发射率光谱的计算

根据Mie微粒子光散射理论计算了汽溶胶大气模型的光学特性,得到了汽溶胶的散射截面、吸收截面和消光截面以及红外波段散射强度分布,同时计算了汽溶胶大气的发射率光谱.为研究大气红外传输提供了计算方法.