Photon-Solitons and Some Experimental Possibilities

In this paper we show that the possible existence of the photon as a soliton [1] can be studied with the help of well-known experimental results and we propose some new experiments which can help to examine some properties of the soliton. First, we compare the soliton energy density to the energy density of Planck and we show that the two densities are consistent. Second, we make an attempt to explain some old experiments with our soliton model of the photon and we show that the results of such experiments do not contradict the existence of such solitons. We also discuss the possibilities for new, improved experiments, which can help to distinguish the soliton interaction from the interaction of a classical electromagnetic wave with charged particles.     

Kerr类非线性介质周期结构中的慢Bragg孤子

在耦合模理论的基础上,给出了一维无限大Kerr类非线性介质周期结构中的孤波解,并且指出,孤波的振幅依赖于入射频率以及脉宽两个参量.同时也证明,在布拉格共振极限条件下,孤波解可以简化成所谓的“隙孤子”解或是“慢布拉格孤子”解 关键词： 孤波 慢布拉格孤子 隙孤子 耦合模理论     

Resonance effects with the photoproduction of electron-positron pairs in the field of a plane electromagnetic wave

The differential cross section is obtained for the formation of electron-positron pairs by a photon at a Coulomb center in the field of a plane electromagnetic wave whose intensity η = eA′/m? 1 and frequency Ω′/m? 1. Expressions are given for the resonance frequencies of the photon for which the emission of a virtual electron (positron) at a mass shell occurs. It is shown that resonance occurs only for electron or positron energies E > m²/Ω′. The resonance differential cross section under interference conditions is obtained. It is shown that the resonance cross section can exceed by several orders of magnitude the ordinary cross section for the photoproduction of pairs without a field.     

Acousto-Optic Solitons in Fibers

It is shown that the deceleration of light pulses down to the velocity of a sound value can be realized in a case of unidirectional parametric interaction of two electromagnetic waves with an acoustic one in the regime of forming three wave acousto-optic solitons. This nonlinear acousto-optic interaction can be realized in long distance systems like fibers. As the result of such an interaction, two types of acousto-optic envelope solitons can propagate in fibers. Modulation of the amplitude of the electromagnetic pump wave can control the soliton velocity.     

Large amplitude electromagnetic solitons in intense laser plasma interaction

This paper shows that the standing, backward- and forward-accelerated large amplitude relativistic electromagnetic solitons induced by intense laser pulse in long underdense collisionless homogeneous plasmas can be observed by particle simulations. In addition to the inhomogeneity of the plasma density, the acceleration of the solitons also depends upon not only the laser amplitude but also the plasma length. The electromagnetic frequency of the solitons is between about half and one of the unperturbed electron plasma frequency. The electrostatic field inside the soliton has a one-cycle structure in space, while the transverse electric and magnetic fields have half-cycle and one-cycle structure respectively. Analytical estimates for the existence of the solitons and their electromagnetic frequencies qualitatively coincide with our simulation results.     

Quantum processes in short and intensive electromagnetic fields

This work provides an overview of our recent results in studying two most important and widely discussed quantum processes: electron-positron pairs production off a probe photon propagating through a polarized short-pulsed electromagnetic (e.g. laser) wave field or generalized Breit–Wheeler process, and a single a photon emission off an electron interacting with the laser pules, so-called non-linear Compton scattering. We show that the probabilities of particle production in both processes are determined by interplay of two dynamical effects, where the first one is related to the shape and duration of the pulse and the second one is non-linear dynamics of the interaction of charged fermions with a strong electromagnetic field. We elaborate suitable expressions for the production probabilities and cross sections, convenient for studying evolution of the plasma in presence of strong electromagnetic fields.     

Soliton excitation in the pass band of the transmission line based on modulation

We numerically investigate the excitation of soliton waves in the nonlinear electrical transmission line formed by many cells. When the periodic driving voltage with frequency in the pass band closing to the cutoff frequency is applied to the endpoint of the whole line, the soliton wave can be generated. The numerical results show that the soliton wave generation mainly depends on the self modulation associated with the nonlinear effect. In this study, the lower subharmonic component is also observed in the frequency spectrum. To further understand this phenomenon, we study the dependence of the subharmonic power spectrum and frequency on the forcing amplitude and frequency numerically, and find that the subharmonic frequency increases with the gradual growth of the driving amplitude.     

Generation of one-photon states by a quantum dot

A technique for preparation of a one-photon wave packet through action of a classical electromagnetic field on a semiconducting quantum dot is proposed. We demonstrate that the Coulomb repulsion between charge carriers allows one to select the frequency, amplitude, and duration of an electromagnetic pulse so that one electron will transfer from an upper size-quantized level of the valence band to a lower size-quantized level of the conduction band with a probability close to unity. As a result of radiative recombination of the produced electron-hole pair, exactly one photon is emitted (a one-photon wave packet). This source of one-photon states can be used in quantum systems of data transmission and in quantum computers. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 112, 1257–1272 (October 1997)     

Terahertz radiation from carbon nanorings in external collinear constant and varying electric fields

We consider the response of a quasi-one-dimensional ballistic carbon ring to the field of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the normal to the ring plane in the presence of a constant electric field collinear to the field of the wave. The dipole moment and the radiation intensity of the ring are calculated for the ballistic motion of a conduction electron. The possibility of implementation of regular periodic and chaotic regimes of ring emission under the action of external fields is demonstrated. The radiation spectrum of the ring is analyzed, and the dependence of the scattering cross section for an electromagnetic wave incident on the ring on its frequency and amplitude is calculated.     

Electromagnetic Resonance of Astigmatic Gaussian Beam to the High Frequency Gravitational Waves

The high frequency gravitational waves(around 10~8-10~(12) Hz) could interact with a specially designed electromagnetic resonance system.It is found that the power of transverse perturbative photon flux(PPF) of an electromagnetic resonance system can be improved significantly by virtue of an astigmatic Gaussian beam.Correspondingly the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) would also be improved.When the eccentric ratio of waist satisfying w_(0x):w_(0y)1,the peak value of signal photon flux could be raised by 2-4 times with typical systematic parameters,while the background photon flux would be depressed.Therefore,the ratio of transverse PPF to background photon flux(i.e.,SNR)can be further improved 3-8 times with dimensionless amplitude of relic gravitational wave h_t=10~(-36).     

Photoproduction of electron-positron pairs in the field of a nucleus and the field of a plane electromagnetic wave

The equivalent photon approximation is used to calculate the nuclear pair production cross section in the field of an electromagnetic wave of arbitrary intensity. The cases of low and high wave intensities are considered, as is the limiting approach to a constant field.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 15–20, May, 1977.     

Overlapping of resonances and stochasticity of electron trajectories in cyclotron masers

When an electromagnetic (EM) wave has a large amplitude and electrons have a large energy, the electron cyclotron frequency in the process of interaction with an EM wave can vary significantly. This can lead to overlapping of cyclotron resonances at different harmonics. It is shown that such an overlapping causes the stochasticity of electron orbits. Estimates show that this effect can be present in relativistic gyrodevices currently under development for driving future accelerators.     

强激光与等离子体相互作用中受激陷俘电子声波散射及相空间离子涡旋的形成

应用一维相对论电磁粒子模拟程序，研究了线性极化强激光入射到无碰撞密度均匀的次临界密度等离子体中所引起的受激陷俘电子声波散射不稳定性过程.不稳定性的早期行为与是否考虑离子动力学效应无关.当考虑离子动力学效应之后会激发一个随时间增长的离子声波，并且最终由于大振幅电磁孤立子的产生而中断.由于电磁孤立子内的静电场与电磁场所产生的离子加速与俘获效应，导致一个离子涡旋在离子相空间中形成；当电磁孤立子向后加速过程中，若干个离子涡旋结构随之形成.研究发现，离子涡旋结构同样存在于密度不均匀的次临界密度等离子体中.从拓扑的观 关键词： 粒子模拟 受激陷俘电子声波散射 电磁孤立子 离子涡旋     

Radiative pion-proton scattering

We present the results of a non-relativistic calculation of the π^± proton bremsstrahlung cross section at the pion kinetic energy of 298 MeV for backward photon angles. The pion-nucleon interaction is given by models that are based on the p-wave Chew-Low theory. An interaction current is included in an attempt to make the overall bremsstrahlung amplitude gauge-invariant. The predicted cross sections show little of the expected resonance, and are in fair agreement with the data. We have also calculated the cross sections at other kinetic energies, and we have studied effects of the off-mass-shell electromagnetic vertex.     

光纤中单光子传输方程的求解及分析

量子信息在光纤中传输时,会受到光纤损耗、色散、非线性效应等多因素的影响,将产生传输态的演化与能量转移.本文以单模光纤传输方程以及电磁场量子化理论为基础,对单模光纤中基模模场进行量子化处理,推导并建立了考虑损耗、色散、非线性效应后的单光子传输方程.基于微扰法对单光子非线性传输方程进行了求解,给出了稳定解存在的必要条件及其所满足的色散方程.深入讨论了广域光功率随微扰频率的变化关系,并且分析了光纤色散、非线性效应对解的影响.为量子光纤传输系统性能的深入研究奠定了理论基础.     

Resonance two-photon pair production on nuclei and on electrons

Expressions are obtained for the cross section of photoproduction of an electron-positron pair on a nucleus and on an electron in the field of a weak electromagnetic wave in the resonance region corresponding to the virtual electron (positron) being on the mass shell. The magnitude of these cross sections relative to ordinary pair production by a photon on a nucleus and on an electron is estimated. It is shown that this mechanism can enhance pair production by a photon on a nucleus and on an electron in the resonance region with simultaneous detection of the electron (positron) at a large angle.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 12–15, February, 1981.We thank A. A. Sokolov for his interest in the work.     

太赫兹频率编码器

超表面是由亚波长单元组成控制电磁波的人工结构,研究发现通过对其进行编码排列可实现对电磁波能量的任意控制.本文利用四种形状相同、尺寸不同的人字形结构单元,结合其不同相位响应和不同的相位灵敏度设计了太赫兹频率编码器,通过进行特定编码,在频率改变的情况下,实现了对电磁波能量辐射调控.分别设计了1-bit, 2-bit周期和非周期太赫兹频率编码器,通过数值计算和仿真模拟验证了上述特性,而且该结构对太赫兹波辐射主瓣能量有很好的分散作用,可以有效减少雷达散射截面,雷达散射截面缩减在q=0,j=0方向上最大可达29 dB,在太赫兹波隐身中具有巨大应用价值.     

Odderon and photon exchange in electroproduction of pseudoscalar mesons

We investigate the reaction where PS denotes a pseudoscalar meson , , , or and X either a proton or resonance or continuum state into which the proton can go by diffractive excitation. At high energies photon and odderon exchange contribute to the reaction. The photon exchange contribution is evaluated exactly using data for the total virtual photon-proton absorption cross section. The odderon exchange contribution is calculated in nonperturbative QCD, using functional integral techniques and the model of the stochastic vacuum. For the proton we assume a quark-diquark structure as suggested by the small odderon amplitude in pp and forward scattering. We show that odderon exchange leads to a much larger inelastic than elastic PS production cross section. Observation of our reaction at HERA would establish the soft odderon as an exchange object on an equal footing with the soft pomeron and would give us valuable insight into both the nucleon structure and the mechanism of high energy diffractive scattering. Received: 2 February 1999 / Revised version: 22 March 1999 / Published online: 28 May 1999     

缺陷致非线性电路孤子非对称传输

设计了一种有缺陷的非线性电感-电容(LC)电路,简单方便地实现了电路能量非对称传输,且其能量的载体是非线性波——孤子.在LC电路中,当缺陷靠近驱动时,驱动频率接近缺陷本振频率,缺陷共振致电路导通.远离驱动时,电路不导通.缺陷的引入改变电路的均一性,实现小驱动振幅下孤子的单向释放,提高驱动能量转化为孤子能量的效率.对非线性LC电路的传输能量、缺陷系数和驱动振幅三者的关系进行了讨论.     

氢负离子在电介质球面附近的光剥离研究

利用镜像法结合半经典闭合轨道理论,对氢负离子在电介质球面附近的光剥离进行了研究.首先利用镜像法分析了剥离电子在电介质球内的镜像电荷分布情况,然后给出了体系的哈密顿量.通过求解哈密顿正则方程,找到了剥离电子在电介质球面附近运动时的闭合轨道.借助于半经典闭合轨道理论,推导出了体系的光剥离截面,并且对光剥离截面进行了计算和分析.计算结果表明,氢负离子在电介质球面附近的光剥离截面不仅与入射光子的能量有关,而且还与电介质球面的介电常数有关.对于给定的电介质球面,随着入射光子的能量增加,光剥离截面的振荡振幅减小、振荡频率增加.当入射光子的能量增加到某一临界值时,光剥离截面的振荡结构消失.除此之外,随着电介质球面介电常数的增大,光剥离截面的振荡结构变得更加复杂.当电介质常数增大到无穷大时,体系的光剥离截面和氢负离子在金属球面附近的光剥离截面一致.因此,可以通过改变入射光子的能量及电介质球面的介电常数对氢负离子在电介质球面附近的光剥离截面进行调控研究.研究结果对负离子体系在电介质球面附近的光剥离的实验研究可以提供一定的理论指导和参考价值.