模拟实验研究最小偏向角的规律

本文通过编译程序模拟实验,描绘出偏向角随入射角、折射率变化的规律,进一步研究了最小偏向角与折射率间的对应关系。     

模拟实验研究最小偏向角的规律

用分光计测量三棱镜折射率是一个间接测量实验,通过测量三棱镜的顶角和最小偏向角来计算获得折射率．本文通过编译程序模拟实验,描绘出偏向角随入射角、折射率变化的规律,进一步研究了最小偏向角与折射率间的对应关系．     

直角棱镜的特性研究

推导直角棱镜的偏向角与入射角的关系式,得到恒偏向角的条件和结果,并讨论了直角棱镜的最大入射角和最小入射角与折射率的变化关系.     

最小偏向角法测三棱镜折射率的相图探究

三棱镜折射率的测量是大学物理实验的重要组成部分,对培养学生的基本实验技能、加深对经典光学理论的理解具有重要作用。本文依据几何光学原理探究了最小偏向角法中在有出射光时最小偏向角与三棱镜顶角、折射率所对应的函数关系,建立了有出射光时入射角、折射率、顶角间以及最小偏向角时折射率、顶角、最小偏向角间的相图,阐明了两相图的物理意义。该研究拓展了三棱镜折射率实验的研究思路。     

三棱镜的全反射特性研究

1 引言 文献[1]讨论了三棱镜偏向角与入射角的关系,用最小偏向角法来测量玻璃的折射率,称为三棱镜的折射特性.在实验中,如果入射光线的入射角小于"最小入射角"时,偏向角不存在,即没有出射光线,而出射光线实际上在第二个折射面上产生了全反射,称为三棱镜的全反射特性.     

高阶彩虹现象的观测及其色散特性研究

最小偏向角是研究高阶彩虹现象的重要特征参量．设计了基于环形光屏的高阶彩虹观测装置,能够观测到清晰的1～6阶虹,实现了虹与霓现象的复现,通过读取环形光屏上的角坐标即可测定高阶彩虹的最小偏向角．探讨了不同波长的激光入射时,虹与霓的偏向角随入射角的变化,进一步解释了彩虹的色散规律．根据角坐标的测量值可以推导出圆柱介质的折射率．     

最小偏向角的测量修正

从最小偏向角的特性入手，推导出了最小偏向角的测量修正公式，并在实验中进行了验证，从而提高了测量精度。     

测定液体折射率的一种方法

讨论了在分光计上用最小偏向角法测液体折射率的方法。     

光栅条纹最小偏向角的实验研究

本文讨论了斜入射时光栅条纹偏向角存在最小值的实验观察现象及相关原理,提出了利用最小偏向角测量光波波长和光栅常数的方法,并在实验中对最小偏向角法和垂直入射法进行了分析比较.     

法拉弟磁光效应实验中介质色散特性测量方法的改进

提出利用入射角、偏向角及折射率的函数关系,以多个非近零变化率点测量及其最小二乘法的非线性拟合得到较小不确定度的系列谱线的折射率,进而获得较高精度的色散特性关系。克服以最小偏向角方法测定时临界位置主观随机影响大的局限性。从而实现基于法拉弟磁光效应的电子荷质比的高精度测量。     

Calculating the Cabibbo angle

Within a gauge theory based on the gauge group SU₂ × SU₂ × U₁ and on the four quark flavours u, d, s, and c the Cabibbo angle is calculated in terms of the quark mass ratios. The u and d quark masses are zero in the absence of weak interaction mixing due to the existence of a discrete symmetry R. The calculated value of the Cabibbo angle is in agreement with the observed value.     

A new model for the formation of contact angle and contact angle hysteresis

The formation mechanism of the contact angle and the sliding angle for a liquid drop on a solid surface plays an important role in producing hydrophobic surfaces. A new half soakage model is established in this paper as a substitute for Wenzel (complete soakage) and Cassie (no soakage) models. The model is suited to many solid surfaces, whether they are hydrophilic or hydrophobic, or even superhydrophobic. Based on the half soakage model, we analyse two surfaces resembling lotus, i.e. taper-like surface and corona-like surface. Furthermore, this new model is used to establish a quantitative relationship between the sliding angle and the parameters of surface morphology.     

Cabibbo angle

An expression is derived for the Cabibbo angle from a consideration of theM ² matrices ofd, s andu, c quarks. Withm _u=m _d0.3 GeV and expressions derived earlier form _s andm _c, the Cabibbo angle is found to be 1342, an excellent result.     

Weinberg angle in the neutrino-electron scattering

According to my recent analysis, in which the use ofM _z has been found to give a more precise sin² θ _w than the use ofG _F inv _μ e→v _μ e scattering, I make calculations of sin² θ w in this process withM _z input including the full one-loop and all the leading log corrections. The result from the present data of cross-section σ(v _μ e) = (1.55±0.20)x10^?42 E _v andZ boson massM _z =92.6±1.7 GeV is sin² θ _w =0.228±0.016, which is in good agreement with the value 0.227±0.014 derived through the usual method from the data of \(v_\mu ,\bar v_\mu e\) and \(v_e ,\bar v_e e\) scatterings, and quite consistent with the world-average sin² θ w=0.228±0.004.     

Critical angle in the parton cascade

The angular correlation function of partons in a jet as derived from perturbative QCD is nonanalytic at a critical angle which separates a multiparticle regime with scaling properties from a regime with few particles near the hadronisation scale. Some phenomenological consequences are discussed.     

Cabibbo angle II

When permutation symmetry and phase invariance are assumed, the mass matrices for two generations take a unique form. The expressions for the masses of various quarks found earlier are used in the mass matrices to determine the Cabibbo angle. This angle is found to be 13° 11. It is very close to the experimental value.     

Comments on the calculation of the Cabibbo angle

An expression for the Cabibbo angle, θ_c, is derived when the mass matrices for the truncated two left-handed doublet model are hermitian and the (1,1) components are zero. The expression contains an unknown parameter which is the difference between the two phases of two complex members in the mass matrices. When the phase difference is 90°, the observed value of θ_c is reproduced. We also show that the above mentioned form of the mass matrices can be realized in the Weinberg-Salam model if the Higgs radiative corrections are ignored.     

Bistable optical switching by the incident angle

The possibility to realize optical bistability by the incident angle to an interference modulator is considered. The experimentally observed hysteresis curves are discussed.     

Contact angle hysteresis at the nanometer scale

Using atomic force microscopy with nonconventional carbon tips, the pinning of a liquid contact line on individual nanometric defects was studied. This mechanism is responsible for the occurrence of the contact angle hysteresis. The presence of weak defects which do not contribute to the hysteresis is evidenced for the first time. The dissipated energy associated with strong defects is also measured down to values in the range of kT, which correspond to defect sizes in the order of 1 nm.