NMR研究溶剂与碱金属离子竞争配位过程

本文研究了锂、铵、钠、铯等盐类在21种溶剂中的~7Li、~(14)N、~(23)Na、~(133)Cs/NMR谱。考察了溶剂对碱金属离子化学位移的影响,求出了浓度系数。并研究了上述离子在15种二元溶剂体系中竞争配位过程,基于NMR数据,测定了等溶剂化点,交换过程平衡常数K及自由能变化△G等热力学参数。     

~(59)Co-NMR谱的介质效应、同位素效应及螯合物的立体构型

本文应用脉冲Fourier交换核磁共振仪直接测定了若干种钴(Ⅲ)螯合物的~(59)Co-NMR谱。观察了溶剂、浓度、温度对~(59)Co谱的影响。以~(59)Co谱鉴别了螯合物的旋光和几何异构体,对于Co(±pn)_3Cl_3配合物,△(λλλ)和Λ(δδδ)峰在较低场,δ_(mer)大于δ_(fac),其次为△(λλδ)和Λ(δδλ)。分辨出Co(en)_3Cl_3从D_0至D_(12)十三个同位素异构体~(59)Co峰,每一个H/D交换使~(59)Co峰向高场移动5.4ppm,讨论了影响同位素位移方向、大小的诸因素及同位素位移的加和性,并讨论了化学平衡同位素效应。     

包括d轨道的NMR化学位移的INDO/GIAO微扰理论

本文推广了计算~(18)C化学位移的INDO/GIAO方法,以进行~(15)N、~(17)O以及过渡元素配合物的~(18)C化学位移计算。通过N,O及Fe的INDO参数的优化选择,计算的~(15)N、~(17)O以及配合物(C_5H_5)Fe(CO)_2CN,(C_5H_4)_2Fe(COH)_2及(C_5H_4)_2Fe(CH_2OH)_2的~(18)C化学位移符合实验结果,同时发现计算的原子净电荷ρ(M)和σ~d(M)之间存在良好的线性关系。     

聚合物-溶剂的相互作用参数

在溶解度参数理论中,聚合物-溶剂的相互作用参数X_1计算式为: X_1=V_1/RT(δ_1-δ_2)~2+β (1)式中V_1为溶剂的摩尔体积,δ_1和δ_2分别为溶剂和聚合物的溶解度参数。经验常数β是作为对Flory组合熵的改进而计入X_1中的。     

trans—PtHX（AsPh3）2配合物的合成及核磁共振研究

合成了 trans-PtHX(AsPh_3)_2(X=Cl~-、Br~-、I~-、SCN~-)四个配合物,除 trars-PtHCl(AsPh_3)_2外,其余三个为新配合物。用 NMR 和 IR 谱鉴定了结构和 trans-PtHSCN(AsPh_3)_2 的键合异构。研究了配体(X)对铂-氢化学位移(δ_H)和铂-氢偶合常数(J_(Pt-H))的影响、铂-氢键键长与铂-氢化学位移(δ_H)的关系以及铂-氢化学位移(δ_H)与铂-氢伸展振动频率的相关性。发现 trans-PtHCl(AsPh_3)_2 在不同溶剂中的重结晶产物,其 Pt-H 键的红外伸展振动频率不同,而 ~1HNMR 谱(在 CDCl_3 中)完全一样。     

基团共轭效应参数

以单取代苯为模型,假定间位代轭效应受阻,诱导效应在共轭体系中的传递因子为1/2,则基因的共轭效应参数：Rc=0.05(△δp-△δm)或Rc=0.05(δp-δm)△δp和△δm分别表示单取代苯对位和间位的^1^3CNMR化学位移相对于未取代母体增量,δp和δm分别为单取代苯对位和间位的^1^3CNMR化学位移。用上式计算了559个基团的共轭效应参数,其结果与文献报道值颇为一致,且呈明显的变化规律。     

动态NMR中双共振技术的应用——活化参数测定问题

电子密度离域化问题即氮的孤对电子离域化问题,通常用动态核磁来研究,测量沿着这个键转动的势垒。在不同的温度下进行测量以得到活化热焓△H和活化熵△S。要确定氮的化学位移和其电子离域间的关系,进而推广到有机化合物的衍生物     

Na_4-CyDTA空间位阻的动态核磁共振研究

用动态核磁共振(DNMR)的方法研究了Na4CyDTA乙羧基质子1H NMR谱随温度的变化关系,结果表明,常温下由于乙羧基旋转受到空间阻碍导致其1H NMR谱分裂为1组AB谱,随温度升高,AB谱的化学位移差减小.通过拟和化学位移差与温度的关系,计算出了Na4CyDTA中阻碍乙羧基旋转的能垒为16.95 kJ/mol.     

Na4-CyDTA空间位阻的动态核磁共振研究

用动态核磁共振（DNMR）的方法研究了Na4-CyDTA乙羧基质子^1H—NMR谱随温度的变化关系，结果表明，常温下由于乙羧基旋转受到空间阻碍导致其^1H—NMR谱分裂为1组AB谱，随温度升高，AB谱的化学位移差减小．通过拟和化学位移差与温度的关系，计算出了Na4-CyDTA中阻碍乙羧基旋转的能垒为16．95kJ／mol．     

酚醛树脂保温板热分解过程的lnln法研究

采用热重分析仪研究酚醛树脂保温板粉体热解行为。采用lnln法探讨等温热解过程动力学,采用Eyring方程探讨热解活化热力学参数。结果表明:酚醛树脂保温板粉体,在800℃内,非等温热解分为四个阶段,各阶段失重率依次为9%、10%、24%、25%;低于523K和高于573K时等温过程热解失重率低于523-573K温度段。lnln法获得酚醛树脂保温板粉体热解表观活化能为40.36 kJ·mol~(-1);Eyring法获得热分解的摩尔活化焓△H~≠、摩尔活化熵△S~≠分别为35.87 kJ·mol~(-1)和-202 J·mol~(-1)·K~(-1),摩尔活化自由能△G~≠值在讨论温度范围内皆为正,表明热解过程需要引入热量并且为非自发分解反应,热解需要经历活化络合态且络合态系统比初始状态更有序。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.