Diffraction of sound waves by a finite barrier in a moving fluid

The diffraction of a line source by an absorbing finite barrier, satisfying Myers' impedance condition [M.K. Myers, On the acoustic boundary condition in the presence of flow, J. Sound Vibration 71 (1980) 429-434] in the presence of a subsonic flow is studied. The problem is solved analytically by using Integral transforms, Wiener-Hopf technique and the asymptotic methods. The expression for the diffracted field is shown to be the sum of the fields produced by the two edges of the strip and a field due to the interaction of the two edges. The diffracted field in the far zone is determined by the method of steepest decent.     

Diffraction of short waves by a segment

The shortwave asymptotics of the Green function for a segment is investigated in the case of the Neumann boundary condition. In the shadow zone and the light zone terms describing the diffracted waves issuing from the end points of the segment are separated out from the solution in the form of a contour integral. The corresponding single integrals are then reduced to expressions coinciding with the formulas of the geometric theory of diffraction. It is here found, that the primary diffracted waves are described by series of residues having the same order with respect to the large parameter of the problem; for the series describing multiple diffracted waves it suffices to restrict attention to a single residue.     

Diffraction of sound waves by a rigid cylindrical cavity of finite length with an internal impedance surface

A rigorous solution is presented for the problem of diffraction of plane harmonic sound waves by a cavity formed by a terminated rigid cylindrical waveguide of finite length whose interior surface is lined by an acoustically absorbent material. The solution is obtained by a modification of the Wiener-Hopf technique and involve an infinite series of unknowns, which are determined from an infinite system of linear algebraic equations. Numerical solution of this system is obtained for various values of the parameters of the problem and their effects on the diffraction phenomenon are shown graphically.     

Diffraction of sound waves by a rigid cylindrical cavity of finite length with an internal impedance surface

A rigorous solution is presented for the problem of diffraction of plane harmonic sound waves by a cavity formed by a terminated rigid cylindrical waveguide of finite length whose interior surface is lined by an acoustically absorbent material. The solution is obtained by a modification of the Wiener-Hopf technique and involve an infinite series of unknowns, which are determined from an infinite system of linear algebraic equations. Numerical solution of this system is obtained for various values of the parameters of the problem and their effects on the diffraction phenomenon are shown graphically.Received: December 12, 2001     

Diffraction of impulsive elastic waves by a fluid cylinder

We consider the diffraction of impulsive SV waves by a fluid circular cylinder. The cylinder is embedded in an unbounded isotropic homogeneous elastic medium and it is filled with some acoustic fluid. The line source, generating the incident pulse, is situated outside the cylinder parallel to its axis. We investigate the problem by the method of dual integral transformation as developed by Friedlander. The resulting integrals are evaluated approximately to obtain the short-time estimate of the motion near the wave front in the shadow zone of the elastic medium. We also interpret the approximate solution in terms of Keller’s geometrical theory of diffraction.     

Diffraction of water waves by a slotted cylindrical breakwater

Permeable and slotted breakwaters are becoming more popular, in order to reduce the drawback of rigid coastal structures: namely large reflections, forces and overtopping. The linearized theory of water waves is used to examine the diffraction of incident regular waves by a vertically slotted cylindrical breakwater that consists of a number of distinct rigid cylindrical panels. Under the assumption that the wavelength is much greater than the thickness, each segment is replaced by a thin structure and the permeability is modelled by suitable boundary conditions. The first condition is the matching pressure and normal velocity conditions between two internal and external fluid regions and the second condition is zero normal velocity on rigid panels. The mixed boundary–value problem is transformed to dual series relations and the least–square method is applied to get the forces on the structure. The results are presented to illustrate the effects of permeability. Numerical results compare well with McCamy and Fuchs predictions for the limiting case of an impermeable rigid cylinder. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Diffraction of whispering gallery waves by a conjunction line

A nonhomogeneous elastic body with stress-free boundary is considered. The boundary consists of two smooth cylindrical surfaces with continuous tangent plane. The curvature of the boundary is assumed to have a discontinuity on the conjunction line. The behavior of two kinds of transversal surface whispering gallery waves passing through the conjunction line is studied. For a wave of the first kind, corresponding to the Dirichlet boundary condition, the displacement vector is normal to the boundary. For a wave of the second kind, corresponding to the Neumann boundary condition, the displacement vector is tangent to the boundary and normal to the ray, which is similar to the case of Love waves.Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 239, 1997, pp. 95–109.This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant No. 96-01-00666.     

Diffraction of waves by inhomogeneous obstacles

Summary The two dimensional problem of diffraction of scalar waves by a bounded inhomogeneity in an otherwise unbounded medium is studied both theoretically and numerically. Using singular operator properties, existence and uniqueness of the solution, and the convergence of the numerical method used are proved.     

Internal Kelvin waves in a two-layer liquid model

The subinertial internal Kelvin wave solutions of a linearized system of the ocean dynamics equations for a semi-infinite two-layer f-plane model basin of constant depth bordering a straight, vertical coast are imposed. A rigid lid surface condition and no-slip wall boundary condition are imposed. Some trapped wave equations are presented and approximate solutions using an asymptotic method are constructed. In the absence of bottom friction, the solution consists of a frictionally modified Kelvin wave and a vertical viscous boundary layer. With a no-slip bottom boundary condition, the solution consists of a modified Kelvin wave, two vertical viscous boundary layers, and a large cross-section scale component. The numerical solutions for Kelvin waves are obtained for model parameters that take account of a joint effect of lateral viscosity, bottom friction, and friction between the layers.     

Diffraction of plane waves by conical obstacles

The problem of plane wave incidence on a conical obstacle of arbitrary cross section is analyzed. Constructing a solution in the form of a Watson integral and its subsequent investigation allow one to describe a spherical wave scattered by the vertex of the cone. The general scheme is illustrated by examples of diffraction by circular and elliptic cones.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 173, pp. 142–154, 1988.     

Diffraction of elastic waves by an inclined crack in a layer

For the problem of the diffraction of normal modes by an inclined crack in an elastic layer, an integral equation with explicit representation of the Fourier symbol kernel is derived in the form of the product of matrices. The algorithm for calculating the wave fields, based on the analytical representations obtained, enables a rapid parametric analysis to be carried out of the influence of the size and orientation of the crack on the transmission of travelling waves. The influence of the inclination of the crack on the effects of resonance trapping and localization of wave energy, which were established previously for the case of a horizontal crack, is analysed.     

Diffraction of solitary waves

Whitham's extension of geometrical optics to nonlinear diffraction is applied to solitary waves of reference amplitudea ₀ in water of uniform depthd ₀ on the hypotheses thata ₀d ₀ and that the angle through which a diffracted wave is turned is of the order of (a ₀/d ₀)^1/2. The equations governing the amplitude and direction of the waves are reduced to a quasi-linear, hyperbolic systemof two first-order partial differential equations. Explicit results are obtained for diffraction by a convex bend and by a concave corner, and it is found that a solitary wave of initial amplitudea ₀ cannot be turned through a convex angle greater than (3a ₀/d ₀)^1/2 without separating or otherwise losing its identity. An empirical generalization for larger amplitudes and turning angles is proposed. General solutions are obtained (in an appendix) through a hodograph transformation.

---

Zusammenfassung Whitham's Erweiterung der geometrischen Optik auf nichtlineare Diffraktion wird auf Einzelwellen (solitary waves) angewendet. Dabei wird angenommen, dass die Referenzamplitudea ₀ viel kleiner als die konstante, ungestörte Wassertiefed ₀ sei und dass der Ablenkungswinkel die Grössenordnung (a ₀/d ₀)^1/2 habe. Die Gleichungen für Amplitude und Richtung der Wellen werden auf ein quasi-lineares, hyperbolisches System von zwei partiellen Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung reduziert. Explizite Resultate für die Diffraktion an einer konvex gekrümmten Wand und an einer konkaven Ecke werden angegeben. Dabei wird gefunden, dass eine Welle der ursprünglichen Amplitudea ₀ durch eine konvexe Biegung nicht mehr als (3a ₀/d ₀)^1/2 abgelenkt werden kann, ohne dass sie ablöst oder ihre Identität verliert. Eine empirische Verallgemeinerung für grössere Amplituden und Ablenkwinkel wird vorgeschlagen. Im Anhang werden mit einer Hodographentransformation allgemeine Lösungen gegeben.

---

---

Dedicated to my good friend Nikolaus Rott on the happy occasion of his sixtieth birthday.     

Diffraction of water waves by a slotted dual cylindrical caisson breakwater

The linearized theory of water waves is used to examine the diffraction of incident regular waves by a slotted dual cylindrical caisson breakwater. The breakwater consists of a vertically slotted outer cylinder circumscribing an impermeable inner cylinder. Under the assumption that the wavelength is much greater than its thickness, each panel is replaced by a thin structure and the permeability is modeled by suitable boundary conditions applied on its surface. The mixed boundary-value problem for the outer cylinder is transformed to dual series relations and the least-square method is applied to get the forces on the structure and associated diffraction field. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Diffraction of surface waves on a vertical interface

A problem of diffraction of waves on a vertical interface of media is studied. The waves are radiated by a point source. The reflected and refracted wave fields are obtained by the method of parabolic equation. The corresponding transformation coefficients are found for the Neumann boundary condition. Bibliography: 5 titles. __________ Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 332, 2006, pp. 70–89.     

Alternative Kelvin viscoelastic procedure for finite elements

In this work, an alternative Kelvin viscoelastic formulation for the finite element method (FEM) is described. This formulation performs spatial approximations before considering time integration and makes use of differential viscoelastic relations. A matrix time differential equation arises from the proposed formulation. It is solved numerically by a time marching procedure. It is shown that, after a small simplification, this methodology can be employed together with existent dynamic FEM packages. The methodology is extended to dynamic analysis leading to a rheological explanation for the first order modal decomposition stiffness proportional damping matrix. Plates and shells applications are shown in order to demonstrate the proposed formulation accuracy and stability.     

Equation of steady-state capillary gravitational-gyroscopic waves on shallow water and Kelvin waves

On the basis of a spectral asymptotic method developed by the authors, a rigorous derivation is given on the equation of capillary waves on shallow water with consideration of the rotation of the fluid and its stratification. The character of the wave motions described by this equation is investigated, and the existence of capillary Kelvin waves is established. Moreover, the problem of the diffraction of these waves by a half plane is studied.Translated from Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki, Seriya Matematicheskii Analiz, Vol. 24, pp. 207–268, 1986.