Imaging Laser wake fields by Thomson Scattering a Co-Propagating Pulse

Thomson scattering imaging(TSI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to observe the fine structure of the laser wake field. By Thomson scattering a co-propagating laser pulse, we obtain clear images indicating that the wake field is like an acaleph swimming behind the pump laser. The wavelength of the wake field observed at different electron densities agrees well with the theory. Since no mathematics transformation is involved, TSI could be potentially used as an online monitor for future 'tabletop' plasma accelerators.     

Observation of the second harmonic in Thomson scattering from relativistic electrons

A free relativistic electron in an electromagnetic field is a pure case of a light-matter interaction. In the laboratory environment, this interaction can be realized by colliding laser pulses with electron beams produced from particle accelerators. The process of single photon absorption and reemission by the electron, so-called linear Thomson scattering, results in radiation that is Doppler shifted into the x-ray and gamma-ray regions. At elevated laser intensity, nonlinear effects should come into play when the transverse motion of the electrons induced by the laser beam is relativistic. In the present experiment, we achieved this condition and characterized the second harmonic of Thomson x-ray scattering using the counterpropagation of a 60 MeV electron beam and a subterawatt CO2 laser beam.     

Panoramic measurements of electron beam densities by Thomson scattering of laser radiation

The possibility of using a panoramic detector with a television signal-recording system in an apparatus to observe Thomson scattering of laser radiation by a nonrelativistic electron beam is discussed. Panoramas of Thomson and Rayleigh scattering and of the electron beam luminescence are presented. Estimates are given of the sensitivity and spatial resolution of the apparatus. Results of panoramic and single-point methods of investigation are compared. Possibilities for extending the range of the Thomson scattering method to measure the density distribution in nonrelativstic electron beams are discussed. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 80–83 (June 1999)     

Thomson散射诊断技术的新进展

Thomson散射是一种主动而无干扰地对等离子体进行诊断的方法．它能够以较高的时空分辨率测量等离子体的参数，如电子与离子温度、密度以及等离子体的膨胀速度、电离程度、热流等参数．文章从Thomson散射基本概念出发，介绍了Thomson散射诊断方法在研究激光与等离子体相互作用中的重要意义，并分别介绍了近年来Thomson散射诊断技术的新进展，如对高Z等离子体、两种离子种类的等离子体、多种形态等离子体以及高密度等离子体的研究．文章最后对国内Thomson散射诊断技术的发展状况进行了简述．     

Traveling-wave Thomson scattering and optical undulators for high-yield EUV and X-ray sources

We present a novel high-yield Thomson scattering geometry that takes advantage of compact electron bunches, as available in advanced, low-emittance linear accelerators or laser wakefield accelerators. In order to avoid the restrictions on the X-ray photon yield imposed by the Rayleigh limit, we use ultrashort, pulse-front tilted laser pulses in a side-scattering geometry. Such a traveling-wave setup allows an overlap of electron and laser beams, even after propagating over distances much longer than the Rayleigh length. Experimental designs are discussed and optimized for different scattering angles. Specifically, to minimize group delay dispersion at large scattering angles >10°, we propose the use of varied-line spacing (VLS) gratings for spatio-temporal laser pulse shaping. Compared to head-on (180°) Thomson scattering, interaction lengths are in the centimeter to meter range and photon numbers for ultrashort X-ray pulses can increase by several orders of magnitudes.     

基于激光尾场加速的自反射式全光汤姆孙散射的参数优化

基于激光尾场加速的全光汤姆孙散射能够提供高质量X射线束并大大减小装置的尺寸.与分光式相比,自反射式的构架可以降低实验的时空同步难度,但是由于激光尾场电子加速和汤姆孙散射过程耦合, X射线优化难度大,目前缺乏参数优化的相关报道.本文用数值模拟修正解析理论的方法,定量分析了激光尾场电子加速和汤姆孙散射过程中激光和电子束的焦斑、脉宽、能量等参数变化情况,并给出了激光在等离子体镜上的反射率,从而实现了用解析公式计算而非数值模拟跟踪参数变化,在保证精度的同时节约了计算时间.另外,利用修正后的公式优化了给定激光条件下的自反射式全光汤姆孙散射X射线,通过改变等离子体密度和等离子体镜位置这两个参数给出了最优X射线亮度和光子产额,该方法为将来结合人工智能优化控制全光汤姆孙散射光源提供了理论基础.     

Observation of the nonlinear effect in relativistic Thomson scattering of electron and laser beams

Thomson scattering of high-power laser and electron beams is a good test of electrodynamics in the high-field region. We demonstrated production of high-intensity X-rays in the head-on collision of a CO₂ laser and 60-MeV electron beams at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Accelerator Test Facility. The energy of an X-ray photon was limited at 6.5 keV in the linear (lowest order) Thomson scattering, but the nonlinear (higher order) process produces higher energy X-rays. We measured the angular distribution of the high-energy X-rays and confirmed that it agrees with theoretical predictions.     

Simulation study of a photo-injector for brightness improvement in Thomson scattering X-ray source via ballistic bunching

Increasing the peak brightness is beneficial to various applications of the Thomson scattering X-ray source. A higher peak brightness of the scattered X-ray pulse demands a shorter scattering electron beam realized by beam compression in the electron beam-line. In this article, we study the possibility of compressing the electron beam in a typical S-band normal conducting photo-injector via ballistic bunching, through just adding a short RF linac section right behind the RF gun, so as to improve the peak brightness of the scattered x-ray pulse. Numerical optimization by ASTRA demonstrates that the peak current can increase from 50 A to > 300 A for a 500 pC, 10 ps FWHM electron pulse, while normalized transverse RMS emittance and RMS energy spread increases very little. Correspondingly, the peak brightness of the Thomson scattering X-ray source is estimated to increase about three times.     

激光等离子体中Thomson散射光谱的拟合

依据无碰撞、无磁场、麦克斯韦速度分布等离子体模型下的Thomson散射理论编写了一维Thomson散射光谱拟合程序，并考虑了等离子体中的热流引起的电子相对漂移.研究了诊断系统的谱分辨率、收集立体角、Thomson散射参数α、等离子体参数梯度和电子的相对漂移速度对Thomson光谱拟合的影响.等离子体不均匀性和有限收集立体角对参数诊断影响很小，因此可以用无梯度无收集立体角的拟合程序简化处理；实验中为了提高信号的信噪比可以适当增加收集立体角；α较小时对拟合影响很大，实验中可以通过选取散射角提高α值和精确监测等离子体密度来减小它的影响. 关键词： Thomson散射 激光等离子体 电子相对漂移     

软X射线激光汤姆逊散射实验尝试

汤姆逊散射是诊断高温稠密等离子体状态参数的重要方法之一, 受到广泛的关注. 但是目前用于进行汤姆逊散射的探针光波长多局限于可见光或紫外光, 能够诊断的区域电子密度远低于驱动激光的临界密度. 相比较而言, 以软X射线激光作为探针, 有希望诊断更高密度区域的等离子体. 利用“神光Ⅱ”高功率激光装置产生的类氖锗软X射线激光作为探针, 开展了软X射线激光汤姆逊散射实验的尝试. 根据散射的条件, 分别进行了非相干散射和相干散射的实验, 但均未能获得明显的散射谱. 理论分析表明, 主要原因可能是实验中作为探针的类氖锗软 X射线激光的聚焦功率密度不够, 通过优化实验条件, 有希望在今后的研究中获得相干汤姆逊散射的结果. 关键词： 等离子体诊断 软X 射线激光 汤姆逊散射     

激光等离子体的电子温度对Thomson散射离子声波双峰的影响

通过对不同激光条件产生的等离子体进行Thomson散射实验诊断，发现在距靶面为150 μm的临界密度面内，离子声波双峰强度出现明显的不对称性，而且强峰的位置发生了转移：当等离子体的电子温度较高时，强峰出现在短波方向；当等离子体电子温度较低时，强峰出现在长波方向.光的拉曼散射效应对应地解释了离子声波的双峰结构、双峰强度不对称性及强峰出现的位置.建立了光的拉曼散射与电子的Thomson散射的对应关系.     

初始相位对周期量级激光脉冲Thomson散射特性的影响

 用电子Thomson散射的经典理论,研究了周期量级激光脉冲作用下电子Thomson散射的特性,讨论了不同激光强度下,激光脉冲的初始相位对电子辐射的空间分布以及特定方向上频谱分布特性的影响。计算表明:对弱激光脉冲,电子辐射的空间分布类似于偶极天线的对称双叶结构,初始相位对电子的辐射几乎没有影响;而对强激光脉冲,电子辐射的空间分布出现了三叶结构,初始相位对电子的辐射影响非常显著。     

汤姆逊散射X射线源初步实验中电子束参数测量及其对X射线性能影响的研究

为了准确计算和分析汤姆逊散射X射线源初步实验中产生的X射线参数, 对实验中所用的16MeV返波行波加速器产生的电子束参数进行了测量. 并通过模拟程序计算和分析了在该参数下初步实验中产生的X射线的参数.     

CW Thomson scattering from a low electron density hydrogen plasma using a photon counting technique

Thomson scattering from a low electron density (3×10¹²cm^?3) stationary hydrogen plasma was performed using a 3 watt CW argon ion laser along with a photon counting technique. An estimation is given for the laser power required for CW Thomson scattering in pulsed plasma experiments.     

周期量级激光脉冲的Thomson散射

用经典辐射理论对线偏振周期量级激光脉冲的线性Thomson散射进行分析，从理论上得到它可产生亚阿秒脉冲的结论. 计算显示，在电子相对论因子为50、激光脉冲中心波长为1μm、归一化光场强度为0.01的情况下，用包含1.5个光周期的激光脉冲，可获得0.2as(半高全宽)的散射脉冲输出. 还对光场载波包络初相φ_ce和电子进入光场的初相φ_in对散射脉冲的影响作了分析讨论，结果表明，在适当的φ_ce和φ_in条件下，能实现单个阿秒脉冲输出，并可对脉冲宽度和频率进行调谐. 关键词： 线性Thomson散射 周期量级激光脉冲 载波包络初相 阿秒脉冲     

人工神经网络在HL-2A装置汤姆逊散射数据处理中的应用

人工神经网络是一种强大的非线性数据分析算法,其中的感知器神经网络第一次被用于处理HL-2A装置上汤姆逊散射系统的电子温度数据。采用输入层、隐藏层和输出层等三层神经网络结构,输入层为标定数据或测量数据,隐藏层使用sigmoid函数作为传递函数,输出层为电子温度值。从数据处理结果可以看出,该计算方法与传统的χ2最小值方法计算的结果吻合,能够得到可靠的电子温度数据。而且由于计算温度时采用矩阵计算,计算速度比使用χ2最小值法提高20倍以上,为将来利用汤姆逊散射测量的电子温度数据实现等离子体剖面实时反馈控制提供了可能。     

Attosecond X-ray pulse obtained from linear Thomson scattering

Linear Thomson scattering by a relativistic electron of a short pulse laser has been investigated by computer simulation. Under a laser field with a pulse of 33.3-fs full-width at half-maximum, and the initial energy of an electron of γ₀=10, the motion of the electron is relativistic and generates an ultrashort radiation of 76-as with a photon wave length of 2.5-nm in the backward scattering. The radiation under a high relativistic energy electron has better characteristic than under a low relativistic energy electron in terms of the pulse width and the angular distribution.     

HL-2A装置YAG激光汤姆逊散射测量电子温度的初步结果

 叙述了激光汤姆逊散射的实验原理,介绍了HL-2A装置上改进后的激光汤姆逊散射系统。高脉冲功率Nd：YAG激光光源发出的1 064 nm的激光能很好地满足测量等离子体电子散射光的要求,硅雪崩光电二极管和窄带干涉滤波片组成的多色仪的使用,大大提高了散射光的测量效率。数据处理方法采用按测量误差进行权重分析的查表法,提高了数据处理的速度。最后介绍了各种放电条件下的单空间点电子温度的测量结果。     

Incoherent harmonic emission from strong electromagnetic waves inplasmas

The work of E.S. Sarachik and G.T. Schappert (Phys. Rev. D, vol.1, pp.2738-2753, 1970) on higher-order or harmonic Thomson/Compton scattering is reexamined, with a view to its evaluation as a useful diagnostic for the interaction of weakly relativistic laser light with low-density plasma. Some consideration is given to plasma effects not mentioned in the original single-electron model (electron plasma oscillation and electron filamentation effects). While relative power scattering measurement can still be made, these plasma effects will seriously complicate or compromise any attempts to use the Doppler shift content of the single-electron harmonic scattering, although plasma oscillations of some sort may well be inferred     

CT-6B托卡马克的红宝石激光90°汤姆逊散射实验

本文描述了CT-B托卡马克的红宝石激光90°汤姆逊散射系统概况,讨论了等离子体的汤姆逊散射谱轮廓、电子温度T_e和电子密度n_e的测量,给出测量结果,并与微波干涉测量结果进行了比较。 关键词：