The Effect of Crown Ethers on the Oxidation of Triethylamine by Ferricyanide Ion in Aqueous Solutions at Different pH Values

The effect of benzo-15-crown-5,15-crown-5 and 12-crown-4 on the oxidation of triethylamine by aqueous ferricyanide ion has been studied at pH 4, 7 and 11. The crown ethers retard the normal oxidation process at all pH values, the effect depending on the crown ether concentration. The three crown ethers show the same retardation effect at pH 4 and 7, while at pH 11 the retardation decreases in the order B15C5 > 12C4 > 15C5.     

大环分子载体液膜传输--一种新型的分离技术

大环主体分子能选择地与客体分子如金属离子,中性分子结合,这一特性使其可作为液膜分离的高选择性载体。评述了大环超分子载体的液膜传输的数学模型以及在金属阳离子,中性离子,中性分子,氨基酸的传输,协同传输中的应用。     

Kinetics of Ion Transport by Macrocyclic Carriers in Liquid Membrane Systems

Abstract

The relationship between the extractability of a metal ion (K⁺ or Pb²⁺) and the rate of its transfer by neutral macrocyclic carriers (dibenzo-18-crown-6, dicyclo-hexano-18-crown-6, 18-crown-6, and polynactin) was investigated in chloroform membrane systems. The experimentally determined apparent rate constants are compatible with the diffusion-limited process. Both the rate of ion uptake and the rate of ion transport depend crucially on the extractability of the metal ion rather than on the apparent rate constant.     

Novel Strategies for the Complexation of Neutral Guest Molecules by Synthetic Macrocyclic Hosts

Abstract

Complexes of macrocyclic polyethers with neutral guests have been studied in solution. The first part, a systematic study of complexes of malononitrile with a variety of macrocyclic polyethers, allowed the evaluation of the thermo-dynamic parameters of complexation. The second part deals with the complexation of urea. Complexes with simple 18-membered macrocycles were prepared. Protonation of urea allowed the phase transfer of urea from aqueous to chloroform solution. Finally the complexation of urea by 2-carboxy-1,3-xylyl crown ethers is described.     

Studies on PNPP Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Divalent Metal Ion Macrocyclic Schiff Base Complexes in Micellar Solution

Two transitional metal ion macrocyclic Schiff base complexes, NiL and CuL were synthesized and characterized, and the metallomicelles made up of the nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes and surfactants(LSS, Brij35, CTAB), as mimic hydrolytic metalloenzyme, were used in catalytic hydrolysis of carboxylic ester (PNPP). The analysis of specific absorption spectrums of the hydrolytic reaction systems indicates that key intermediates, made up of PNPP and Ni(II) or Cu(II) complexes, have formed in the reaction processes of the PNPP catalytic hydrolysis. In this, based on the analytic result of specific absorption spectrum, the mechanism of PNPP catalytic hydrolysis has been proposed; a kinetic mathematical model, applied to the calculation of the kinetic parameter of PNPP catalytic hydrolysis has been established on the foundation of the mechanism proposed; the acid effect of reaction system, structure effect of the complexes, effect of temperature and effects of micelle on the rate of PNPP hydrolysis catalyzed by the complexes also have been discussed.     

Kinetics of the Protonation of Macrocyclic Amines in the Presence of Monovalent Cations in Aqueous Solution

Abstract

For macrocyclic bases such as: 1-aza-15-crown-5 (N15C5),1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecan (21), 1,7,10,16-tetraoxa-4,13-diazacyclooctadecan (22) and 1, 4, 7, 13, 16-pentaoxa-10, 19-diazacycloheneicosane (23), the kinetics of deprotonation and protonation reactions in the presence of monovalent cations was studied using the temperature jump technique. For the sake of comparison, the measurements were also performed for 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO) base, which does not form complexes with monovalent cations. The monovalent cations affect the temperature dependence of the kinetic parameters of deprotonation. They also affect the activation parameters, which is shown by a distribution of ΔH≠ and ΔS≠ values, but do not influence the value of ΔG≠.     

The Permanganate Oxidation of Triethylamine; Evidence for the Formation of Manganate Ion in Potassium Permanganate/Triethylamine Reagent

The active oxidant of KMnO_4/Et₃N reagent has been verified as potassium manganate by ultraviolet spectrometry, and the final oxidation product as manganese(IV) oxide by iodometric titration.     

铝离子对α-酮戊二酸的催化脱羧作用

为了研究铝(Ⅲ)与生命体中重要的有机分子α-酮戊二酸的作用机制,我们采用了电位滴定、核磁共振、拉曼光谱和分子力学计算对酸性溶液中的反应体系的配位作用和互变异构进行了分析, 并采用电喷雾质谱以及固体和溶液核磁共振谱表征了浓溶液反应体系中的沉淀,来说明铝(Ⅲ)对α-酮戊二酸的催化脱羧反应过程。得到如下实验结论:(1)配位作用:铝(Ⅲ)与α-酮戊二酸在酸性溶液中配位形成1∶1[AlLH²⁺,AlL⁺,AlLH_-1]和1∶2[AlL₂]-,AlL₂]H_-2]^3-]的单核形态以及2∶1[Al₂]L⁴⁺]的双核形态。(2)互变异构:在酸性溶液中Al³⁺通过配位作用促进α-酮戊二酸烯醇化,生成易于脱羧的β、γ-不饱和酸的结构。(3)催化脱羧:由于铝(Ⅲ)的电子沉降作用,使β、γ-不饱和酸更易脱羧,如果是1∶2的形态,则脱羧生成沉淀。     

光照对高铁酸盐溶液稳定性的影响

The effects of light wave on the stability of fen'ate solution have been examined. The results showed that UV-light accelerates the decomposition of ferrate with decomposition rate 1.6 times as much as that in dark whereas infrared light has only unclear effect on the stability of ferrate, with decomposition rate 1.1 times as much as in dark. The polythene container is found to the best for preservation of ferrate solution in dark.     

在缓冲溶液中探究高锰酸钾与草酸的反应

以硫酸氢钠-硫酸钠缓冲溶液为反应介质,研究了温度、溶液pH、高锰酸钾浓度以及草酸浓度等因素对高锰酸钾与草酸反应的反应速率的影响。研究发现,升高温度、降低溶液pH（即增大氢离子浓度）以及增大草酸浓度均能加快反应速率,而高锰酸钾浓度对反应速率的影响规律性不强。     

水溶液pH对甲烷低温氧化制备甲醇的影响

采用固态离子交换法制备了Fe/ZSM-5催化剂, 并通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、 电感耦合等离子光谱(ICP)、 漫反射紫外-可见光谱(DR UV-Vis)、 拉曼光谱(Raman)和固体核磁共振波谱(Solid-state NMR)表征方法对催化剂的结构和相关物理性质进行了表征. 采用H₂SO₄和NaOH调控反应体系的pH, 并通过气相色谱和液体核磁共振波谱分别对气相和液相产物进行定量分析, 研究了不同水溶液pH对反应活性的影响. 并对不同pH下Fe/ZSM-5催化剂的金属析出量以及剩余H₂O₂浓度的影响进行了研究. 上述结果为进一步优化甲烷低温氧化制备甲醇的反应提供了指导思想.     

高价锰、铁去除水中新兴有机污染物

新兴有机污染物在水环境中广泛存在,对生态环境和人体健康都有潜在危害,如何去除水环境中的新兴有机污染物成为研究人员日益关心的问题.高价锰、铁,主要指高锰酸钾(Mn(Ⅶ),KMnO4)、高铁酸钾(Fe(Ⅵ),K2FeO4),是两类高效且环境友好的无机水处理药剂,可以高效地去除新兴有机污染物,因而备受人们关注.同时,高价锰、...     

硼氢化钾还原-气相分子吸收光谱仪测定水中的总汞及其不确定度的评定

以硼氢化钾代替二氯化锡作还原剂,用气相分子吸收光谱仪代替测汞仪,冷原子吸收法测定了水中总汞,按有关规范的原则和方法评定了其测量不确定度。结果表明,检出限为0．005μg／L,精密度RSD为1．O％,加标回收率为99．1％～103．1％,测定海洋局外控样和IERM测量审核样的结果良好,测定汞标样的相对误差为1．7％。此法测定样品的扩展不确定度为3．5％。     

A New Tetracycle from Dimerization of the N-Methylpyridazinium Ion in Aqueous Solution

In a one-pot synthesis at room temperature the N-methylpyridazinium ion ( 1 ) dimerizes stereospecifically and with 100 % conversion in a series of OH⁻-catalyzed processes to give a new tetraazafluorene ( 2 ). Four of the individual steps can be identified directly and monitored by ¹H NMR spectroscopy.     

Oxidation of Benzyl Halides to Aldehydes and Ketones with Potassium Nitrate Catalyzed by Phase-Transfer Catalyst in Aqueous Media

The catalytic oxidation of benzyl halides to aldehydes and ketones in aqueous media was studied under relatively mild reaction conditions by using phase-transfer catalyst combined with potassium nitrate and 10% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. As a result, a simple high-yield procedure has been developed.     

Determination of Part-Per-Billion Levels of Formaldehyde in Aqueous Solution by Ion Chromatography with Post-Column Derivatization

Abstract

A method based on the use of an ion-exchange column, post-column derivatization with 2,4-pentane-dione (acetylacetone), and photometric detection for the determination of low levels of formaldehyde in aqueous solution is described. The lower limit of detection is 5 μg/L (ppb) and response is linear up to at least 10 mg/L. Reproducibility at the 1 mg/L level is 0.6% RSD. Determination of formaldehyde concentration in several aldehyde systems is demonstrated.     

Epinephrine Oxidation in the Presence of Interfering Molecules on Gold and Gold Electrodes modified with Gold Nanoparticles and Thiodipropionic Acid in Aqueous Solution. A Comparative Study

Thiodipropionoc acid (TDPA), cysteamine (CA) and gold nanoparticles (Au‐NPs) modified gold pure electrodes have been applied in voltammetric sensors for simultaneous detection of epinephrine (EP), ascorbic (AA) and uric (UA) acids. Modified electrodes with self assembled layers (SAMs) show high selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility and stability. A linear relationship between the epinephrine concentration and the current response is obtained in the range of 0.1 μM to 0.65 μM with the detection limit ≤0.065 μM for the electrodes modified at 2D surface and in the range of 0.1 μM to 0.75 μM with the detection limit ≤0.082 μM for the electrodes modified at the 3D surface.     

Assessing the Role of Capping Molecules in Controlling Aggregative Growth of Gold Nanoparticles in Heated Solution

This report describes findings of an investigation of the role of capping molecules in the size growth in the aggregative growth of pre‐formed small‐sized gold nanoparticles capped with alkanethiolate monolayers toward monodispersed larger sizes. The size controllability depends on the thiolate chain length and concentration in the thermal solution. The size evolution in solution at different concentrations of alkanethiols is analyzed in relation to adsorption isotherms and cohesive energy. The size dependence on thiolate chain length is also analyzed by considering the cohesive energy of the capping molecules, revealing the importance of cohesive energy in the capping structure. Theoretical and experimental comparisons of the surface plasmonic resonance optical properties have also provided new insights into the mechanism, thus enabling the exploitation of size‐dependent nanoscale properties.     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Carbohydrates Mediated by Nitroxyl Radical‐modified Electrodes in Aqueous Solution

The electrocatalytic activity of a 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpipridine‐N‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐modified electrode toward the oxidation of carbohydrates in phosphate buffer solution was investigated under neutral aqueous solution conditions at 25 °C. The modified electrode was prepared on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode by the electrochemical polymerization of a TEMPO precursor containing a pyrrole side chain. Cyclic voltammetric studies showed that the anodic peak current increased with the concentration of carbohydrates in a dose‐dependent manner.