影响示波极谱中和滴定终点示波圈变化的因素 Ⅰ.交流电流密度

指示示波极谱滴定终点的方法有:示波极谱图形的位移,图形的扩张或收缩以及切口的出现与消失等。它们与通过电解池的交流电流的大小和电极面积密切相关。 (一)示波极谱滴定终点示波图的变化与电流密度的关系当通过电解池的交流电流很小时,即指示电极上没有任何电极反应而仅为充电电流时,“E-t”曲线可用下式表示:     

电滴定分析的新方法

利用示波极谱图上切口的出现或消失来指示滴定终点的示波极谱滴定法具有终点直观、操作简便和抗干扰能力强等优点。但该法要求试剂(滴定剂、被滴物或指示剂)能在示波极谱图上产生敏锐切口才能应用。     

Antilg de／dt—E曲线上的示波极谱滴定法

在示波极谱滴定中,当去极剂切口位于示波极谱图|dE/dt|的最大值附近时,利用Antilg dE/dt～E示波图来指示滴定终点能使终点变化更为敏锐。原来较难进行滴定的一些体系现在可用这种方法滴定。在50Hz的交流电频率下,用氨羧络合剂滴定了Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Co~(2+),滴定结果符合分析要求。非线性放大还可应用于以dE/dt～E示波图的扩张或收缩来指示滴定终点的示波极谱滴定法及以荧光电位线的伸长或收缩来指示滴定终点的示波电位滴定法,以提高终点变化的敏锐性。以亚硝酸钠滴定对氨基苯磺酸为例说明了这一方法的可行性。     

示波极谱滴定的研究(ⅩⅩⅨ)——双微铂电极上的示波极谱络合滴定法

本文提出双微铂电极示波极谱滴定法。在KCl存在时,氨羧络合剂在双微铂电极示波极谱图上有敏锐切口,可以用来指示络合滴定的终点。方法准确度和精密度都符合容量分析要求。     

示波双电位滴定法的研究——硫化硒中硒的测定

示波双电位滴定法在氧化还原滴定中的应用已有报导.运用一大一小两个铂电极为指示电极,在没有任何外加电流的情况下,滴定终点时体系中氧化还原电位响应的差别导致荧光屏上光点的突然移动。以此指示终点比示波极谱滴定中切口的变化更为敏锐,比一般的电位滴定法更简便、直观。     

工业废水中微量苯酚的交流示波极谱滴定

工业废水中微量污染物苯酚用交流示波极谱滴定可简单而快速地测定。准确分取部分过滤后的试样在氯化钾底液中以苯胺作指示剂,在不断搅拌下用0.020 00 mol.L-1氢氧化钾标准溶液滴定,用汞膜电极作指示电极,银汞电极为参比电极。苯胺的示波极谱图上出现切口时即为滴定终点。根据氢氧化钾标准溶液滴定的体积计算试样中苯酚的含量。此滴定至终点的溶液的pH值经预先试验测定为11.27,而6 g.L-1苯胺溶液1 mL在氯化钾底液中当出现切口时的pH值为11.3。苯胺在此方法中的作用为指示剂,以其示波极谱图上出现切口指示滴定终点。此方法应用于废水样品分析,回收率在97.3%~104.0%之间。     

一种最简单的电滴定方法——两铂电极示波电位滴定法

利用阴极射线示波器荧光屏上示波图的突变来指示双电位滴定终点的电化学滴定法称为示波双电位滴定法。最简单的示波双电位滴定法称为零电流示波双电位滴定法。这种滴定法可在两个铂电极上进行,也可在两个银电极或两个其它金属电极上进行。在两个铂电极上进行的零电流示波双电位滴定法简称为两铂电极示波电位滴定法。两铂电极示波电位滴定法的装置见图1。将一大一小两     

示波极谱图的伸缩及位移

利用示波极谱图的伸缩或位移指示滴定终点是示波极谱滴定的一种新技术.本文全面探讨了示波极谱图伸缩及位移的原理,并用实验作了对照,理论计算与实验结果一致.伸缩来源于电极阻抗的变化,位移则主要由动力学因素引起.     

交流示波极谱滴定法

用交流示波极谱曲线(dE/dt)=f(E)上切口的出现或消失来指示滴定终点的容量分析方法称为交流示波极谱滴定法,简称示波极谱滴定。     

交流示波极谱滴定汞的研究

1 引言 用交流示波极谱滴定仪指示滴定终点的交流示波极谱滴定法已得到广泛的应用。在pH6的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中并有Br~-存在时,Hg~(2+)在金电极上有灵敏的切口,可用于指示滴定终点。本文对EDTA滴定Hg~(2+)的条件进行了研究。所拟定的方法简便、快速、准确,终点清晰、直观、敏锐、不受颜色、沉淀的影响,并已用于岩     

示波极谱滴定的研究(ⅩⅩⅠ)——铂电极上的示波极谱滴定

本文研究了在微铂电极上进行示波极谱滴定的方法.有些地方,它比汞电极优越.这样大大地扩充了示波极谱滴定的应用范围.     

A Polyaniline-Deposited Nonplatinum Metal as a Potentiometric Sensor—An Inexpensive Alternate to Conventional Platinum for Some Potentiometric Redox Reactions

For the purpose of employing an inexpensive alternative to conventional platinum for use by upper-division as well as graduate students, polyaniline (PANI)-deposited stainless steel (SS) and mild steel (MS) electrodes are described as indicator electrodes for potentiometry and potentiometric titrations of some redox reactions. PANI is deposited on the nonplatinum metal by electrochemical polymerization of aniline using cyclic voltammetric technique. Alternate methods to produce the PANI electrodes are also suggested. The electrodes respond to concentration changes of hydroquinone (H₂O), Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺, and [Fe(CN)₆]^4–/[Fe(CN)₆]^3– in HCL electrolytes, and the potential variation with concentration follows the Nernst relationship. Under identical experimental conditions, the response time of the PANI/SS, PANI/MS, and Pt electrodes for a change in concentration of Fe³⁺ in a mixed electrolyte of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ is found to be about 20 s. Neutralization reaction of HC1 versus NaOH, redox reaction of Fe²⁺ and Ce⁴⁺, and redox reaction of Fe²⁺ and KMnO₄ in several concentrations in the range from 1 mM to 100 mM are carried out using the PANI/SS, PANI/MS, and Pt indicator electrodes. The performance of the PANI/SS and PANI/MS electrodes is as good as that of the Pt at all concentration levels of the titrations. The electrodes can be reused for several titrations by storing them in an acid electrolyte for a long period of time. Thus, the conventional inert Pt or Au can be substituted for by using a PANI-deposited nonplatinum reactive metal as a potentiometric sensor for redox titrations.     

交流示波极谱滴定的研究(Ⅻ)——中和滴定

本文系统地报导了交流示波极谱滴定在中和滴定中的应用,解决了弱酸弱碱在水溶液中直接滴定等问题。同时提出了中和滴定的两大类指示剂的概念,并且总结了它们的性质。因此,示波极谱中和滴定将大大地丰富中和滴定的内容,扩大其应用范围。     

示波极谱滴定的研究(ⅩⅠⅩ)——利用氨羧络合剂自身的切口示波极谱络合滴定法

本文提出利用氨羧络合剂自身的切口来指示滴定终点,对那些示波图上无切口或者切口迟顿难以直接滴定的金属进行直接滴定,为CO、Ni、Mn、Ca、Mg、Sr及稀土离子的简便滴定方法.     

OSCILLOPOLAROGRAPHIC CHELOMETRIC TITRATIONS ON TWO SIMILAR MICRO Pt-ELECTRODES

Up to now,all oscillopolarographic titrations have been carried out in electrolytic cells with one micro electrode and one large electrode.Oscillopolarographic titrations on two similar micro indicator electrodes were studied and it was found that many substances such as EDTA and its related compounds giving no incisions at one micro Pt-electrode showed distinct incisions on two micro Pt-elec-trodes,for example,in the presence of KC1,EDTA and its related compounds yielded distinct incisions which can be used to indicate end-points of many chelometric titrations.Th4+,In3+,Ga3+,zn2+,Ni2+,Co2+,Mn2+,Cd2+and rare earths can be directly titrated with EDTA,DTPA,CyDTA and HEDTA.Many new chelometric tieration procedures were developed.     

Electroanalysis with tungsten electrodes : I. The tungsten/platinum bimetallic pair in potentiometry at zero current

The W/Pt bimetallic pair has been applied in various potentiometric titrations. Except for the neutralization of dicarboxylic acids, e.g., oxalic, the pair is suitable for neutralization titrations where ΔE/ΔV values at the equivalence point are higher on W than on Pt. Tungsten oxides increase the inflexion pd. The pair is also suitable for oxidation/reduction titrations using permanganate, dichromate, and ceric sulfate, and for precipitation reactions with silver nitrate. However, it gives a small inflexion pd in the oxidation of thiosulfate by iodine. EDTA titrations of copper, magnesium, and calcium give a sharp inflexion in the case of copper only. This pair may be useful in routine analyses requiring a robust electrode assembly but not a high degree of accuracy.     

Eine allgemeine theorie der massanalytischen umschlagsschärfe

The buffer capacity of the final solution (exactly titrated to equivalence) of a titration can be calculated from. the equilibrium constant of the titrating reaction. It enables us to establish a theory of the “end point sharpness” applicable universally to the different classes of titrations (acidimetric, redox, precipitations, etc.). The results are more accurate than the approximations derived up to now from the study of the titrated solution further off the equivalence point.The use of an inproper indicator will not only produce erroneous values (high or low) in the titration but at the same time lessen considerably the sharpness of the color (etc.) change at the end point as the buffer capacity of the titrated solution is greater at any than the equivalence point.     

Cu-Pt-Au三元合金催化水煤气变换反应的密度泛函研究

利用密度泛函理论（DFT）研究了不同掺杂量的Cu-Pt-Au催化剂性质及水煤气变换反应（WGSR）在催化剂表面上的反应机理。首先对Cu-Au和Pt-Au二元催化剂的稳定性和电子活性进行研究,发现Pt-Au催化剂的协同效应较优,稳定性更优,结合能为77.15 eV,d带中心为-3.18 eV。当将Cu继续掺杂到Pt-Au合金中构成Cu-Pt-Au三元催化剂时,Cu₃-Pt₃-Au（111）结合能为77.99 eV,且d带中心为-3.05 eV,表明其具有较优的稳定性和电子活性。探讨了WGSR在Cu₃-Pt₃-Au（111）上的反应历程,氧化还原机理因CO氧化的能垒达到4.84 eV而不易进行。CHO和COOH两个中间体为竞争关系,且形成CHO中间物时的能垒较小,因此,反应相对容易按照甲酸机理进行。     

Simultaneous determination of Pt and Rh by catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry, using hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA) as complexing agent

Characteristics of the adsorption/electro-reduction of Pt/Rh hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA) complex on static mercury drop electrode surface were studied. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out to get the insight about the mechanistic behaviour of the catalytic current obtained in the voltammetric scan of Pt/Rh HMTA complex in acidic solution. Adsorptive stripping voltammetry using HMTA as the complexing agent was found to be highly sensitive method for the determination of Pt/Rh. Voltammetric measurements were carried out using hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) as the working electrode, a glassy carbon rod as the counter and an Ag/AgCl/KCl_saturated as the reference electrode. Various electrochemical parameters like deposition potential, deposition time, concentration of the ligand, supporting electrolyte etc. were optimized. The detection limit of Pt and Rh was found to be 4.38 pML⁻¹ and 2.80 pML⁻¹, respectively for the deposition time of 30 s. Simultaneous determination of Pt(II) and Rh(III) in water samples was possible. The method was found to be free from the commonly occurring interfering ions such as Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Fe(III), Fe(II), Ni(II) and Co(II). Spike recovery tests for both Pt and Rh in tap water and sea water samples were also carried out. The method has been verified by analyzing certified reference material (WMG-1).     

壳聚糖/硝酸铁凝胶制备铁氮掺杂多孔碳片作为高效氧还原电催化剂的研究

以壳聚糖/硝酸铁凝胶为前躯体,实现了含氮高分子与金属盐的均匀混合,将凝胶冷冻干燥处理后,经过热处理和酸刻蚀得到了成分及微结构更加均匀的铁氮掺杂多孔碳片. 铁氮掺杂多孔碳片与商业铂碳相比,具有更高的起始电位,半波电位和优秀的循环性能,在碱性燃料电池的测试中实现了更高的功率密度. 铁氮掺杂多孔碳片出色的氧还原电催化性能归因于铁在壳聚糖中的原子级分散所导致的均匀分布的铁氮碳催化活性位,大的比表面积和均匀的孔道分布.