处理机械波多解问题的方法

波的多解问题是高中物理波动部分的重点内容，在高考试题中出现的频率很高，下面谈谈处理这类问题的基本思路和方法，以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。     

新课标理念下物理开放型试题研究

0引言 近几年的高考物理试题中，“STS”综合题成为主流题型，尤其在“立足物理学科，反映科技进步，阐释实际生活，透视社会热点”方面作了大胆的尝试，具有良好的导向性．随着素质教育的深层推进，新课程的实施，探究性、主体性、合作性、开放性等多样化的教学与学法已全面展开．“高中物理课程应促进学生自主学习，让学生积极参与、乐于探究、勤于思考．通过多样化的教学方式，帮助学生学习物理知识与技能，培养其科学探究能力，使其逐步形成科学态度与科学精神”（新课标的教学理念）．从新课标理念中反映出教学方式及学习方法要多样化，传授知识时，教师提出的问题要有开放性．目前在教学上和高考选拔上都是以试题中问题的方式进行的．     

开放性试题呼唤开放式教学——新课程改革环境下的启示

近年来，开放性试题得到了人们的普遍重视和认可，它与传统试题（封闭题）相比，更有利于培养学生的创造性思维，体现学生的主体意识和个性差异，有利于提高学生的整体素质．在所接触的开放性试题及学生对开放性试题的思维反映和解答过程中，笔者深深地感到开放性试题正在呼唤开放式教学，开放式教学能培养学生的创造性思维．     

2001年广西中考物理:一道开放性的好试题

研究了 2 0 0 1年广西中考物理试题 ,举出其中的开放性试题的重要意义     

开放实验室教学模式下的大学物理实验考核方式的研究

在开放实验室教学模式下,如何科学合理地进行大学物理实验课程的考核,是新形势下教学改革的热点问题之一。经过多年的改革与实践,本文提出了一种高效率的考试方法,把实验操作、数据处理等相关问题巧妙设计成选择题,采用机器阅卷;同时试题中设有必答与选答题,解决了开放实验室学生所学实验内容不同的问题。     

初中物理开卷考试命题研究

1开卷考试命题的基本原则 初中物理开卷考试与闭卷考试一样，都要重视考查物理基本概念、基本定理、重要定律以及简单的物理计算．试题要注重联系生产、生活实际，要求学生运用所学的物理知识去分析解决实际问题．开卷考试同样要注重基本实验知识和技能的考查，同时突出体现科学探究思想．试题要关注人文精神，体现人文素养、科学素养和环境意识，提倡学科间融合与渗透．试题通常具有以下性质：问题呈现的情境性；     

平抛运动实验试题的回顾与反思

回顾恢复高考以后三次有关涉及平抛运动实验的试题，无不留下深刻的影响．因此，认真反思这些试题所反映出的问题不仅必要，而且有益。     

高考中的弹簧问题分类解析

近年来，高考物理试卷中的弹簧试题频频出现，弹簧题之所以备受青睐，首先是由于弹簧的特性及与其相连物体构成的系统的运动状态具有很强的综合性和隐蔽性；其二是弹簧在伸缩过程中涉及的力和加速度、简谐运动、功能关系、动量和能量问题中的物理概念、物理规律、物理情景；其三是弹簧试题不仅能全方位考查考生分析物理过程，理清物理解题思路，也能培养考生物理思维品质和反映考生的学习潜能．因而，弹簧试题也就成为每年高考命题的重、难、热点．现将近3年高考物理中的弹簧试题归类、对典型试题加以评析，从中领悟和欣赏命题专家的独具匠心．     

趣味实验

物理实验是学好物理知识的基础，是解决物理问题不可缺少的过程，是建立正确的物理概念的关键．为了让同学们更好的了解电池的工作原理，现介绍几种课堂以外的、有趣的、简易电池的制作方法．     

简析有关摩擦力问题

摩擦力是物理教学中的重点，也是同学们学习中的难点，本文就对摩擦力问题作一总体分析，供同学们学习时参考．     

Pushing exercise program to correct glottal incompetence

A voice therapy program using pushing exercises to correct glottal incompetence is described. The program utilizes various types of instrumentation to determine whether or not a given patient is likely to benefit from the treatment. The program also provides feedback of target voices. Three cases with incomplete glottal closure and subsequent vocal dysphonia characterized by an asthenic breathy quality are used to illustrate the program. Details of the program, termination criteria, and problems and precautions learned from treating 29 patients over a 3-year period are presented.     

Evaluation of anisotropic small-angle neutron scattering data from metastable β-Ti alloy

ABSTRACT

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data from single-crystal metastable β-Ti alloys exhibit an anisotropic character with interparticle interference maxima due to ordering of the dense system of ω particles. For an evaluation of such data, the program NOC (previously used for evaluation of data from dense ordered γ′ precipitate system in single-crystal nickel-based superalloys) was well suited. Nevertheless, an improvement of this evaluation program was necessary in its model-forming part. A further change of the evaluation program concerned the mode in which the size distribution was calculated. This upgrade is presented. The improved NOC program was employed for the evaluation of SANS data of annealed metastable single-crystal β-Ti alloy containing ω particles. 3D fit in reciprocal space was successfully used. A model of ellipsoids did not lead to a better fit than a model of particles with the spherical shape. The microstructural parameters of ω particles were determined.     

A method for modal identification of lightly damped structures

In many cases modal tests are conducted on individual components of complex engineering structures where interest is confined to deriving an undamped model of the structure. A method is proposed for this task which demands a minimum of input data and which, in particular, does not require accurate measurements around resonance. The method is simple to program and its application to various practical structures is described.     

含冷却水管大体积混凝土温度场计算的一种新方法

水管冷却是混凝土坝施工期的主要温度控制措施,提出一种新的水管冷却数值模拟理论和计算方法.该方法将水管置于常规混凝土单元内部,在单元中把混凝土与水管的接触面作为散热面纳入控制方程的边界条件,把混凝土通过冷却水管壁面耗散的能量叠加到常规泛函中,根据此复合泛函由变分原理建立含冷却水管混凝土的有限元支配方程.编制相应的三维计算程序,在程序中水管网格的拓扑信息由程序自动完成,冷却水管可以从混凝土单元任意位置穿过,因此不增加网格剖分的难度,算例表明该方法能准确模拟混凝土的冷却效应.     

A new theory for multiprofile,buried gratings

A new theory for dielectric coated metallic gratings is presented. The formalism is well adapted to the case for which the dielectric overcoatings are separated by plane interfaces or for which the modulated interfaces do not interpenetrate. We show that the numerical program is well suited to the theoretical study of the use of gratings as beam sampling mirrors in the infrared region.     

基于Matlab的N5＋和O6＋基态能量与波函数的变分计算

在研究双电子原子模型的基础上，提出了一种包含坐标张弛系数的线性试探波函数，利用Matlab语言开发了一个运用变分法对三体问题进行计算的软件程序，计算得到了N^5＋和O^6＋离子基态能量的多个近似值及对应的解析波函数。A testing wave function which includes a elastic coordinate coefficient is proposed for double electron atoms. A program which can solve three body prohlem with variational method is developed by using Matlab language. Ground state energies and analytic wave functions of N^5＋ and O^6＋ ious are obtained by using the program.     

基于Matlab的N~(5+)和O~(6+)基态能量与波函数的变分计算

在研究双电子原子模型的基础上,提出了一种包含坐标张弛系数的线性试探波函数,利用Matlab语言开发了一个运用变分法对三体问题进行计算的软件程序,计算得到了N5+和O6+离子基态能量的多个近似值及对应的解析波函数。     

Calculation of radiative properties of nonequilibrium hydrogen plasma

A computer program called NEQRAP is described that calculates the radiative properties of nonequilibrium ionized hydrogen. From the given electron temperature, electron density, and atom density values (which do not necessarily satisfy the equilibrium relationship) and intensities of incident radiation, the non-Boltzmann populations of electronic states are computed by solving the equation of quasi-steady- state population distribution. Emission and absorption coefficients are determined as functions of wavelength by invoking the principle of detailed balance between the upper and lower states of each radiative transition. Radiative transport through the medium is computed assuming a one-dimensional uniform slab. The rate of ionic reaction is also computed. When used on a sample case, the program shows that there is a large difference between the calculated intensities of radiation emitted by a bulk of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hydrogen. Accuracy of the program is estimated to be better than 10%.     

A computer model for the prediction of factory noise

A computer program which calculates noise levels around a factory floor has been written. The collection of data for input to the program, formulae used in the calculation of noise levels and output from the program are described.The program has been tested using data collected in a variety of workshops and factories. The results of two of these case studies are discussed, together with overall results for all cases considered, which show that the program can predict sound levels with a high degree of accuracy.An interactive version of the program which enables a user to see immediately how certain changes to the data will affect noise levels is also described.     

Program of polarization studies and capabilities of accelerating polarized proton and light nuclear beams at the nuclotron of the joint institute for nuclear research

A program of polarization studies is presented; this program can enhance our understanding of the constituents from which the spin of hadrons and lightest nuclei is constructed. Beams of polarized lightest nuclei at Nuclotron are required to complete this program. Calculations of linear resonance strengths at Nuclotron, which may result in depolarization effects, are presented. The application of a new method for conserving particle beam polarization at crossing these resonances at Nuclotron is discussed.