Excitation of a Cylindrical Microstrip Antenna with Two Symmetrically Located Radiating Elements

We consider the problem of symmetric excitation of a cylindrical microstrip antenna by two plane waves. The antenna consists of two radiating elements located symmetrically with respect to the azimuth. Each element can be either a single patch or an array of patches of rectangular-cylindrical shape. The problem is reduced to solving an integral equation by the method of moments. A new representation of the Green's function is used. In this representation, the field singularity at the source and the contribution of surface waves are given in analytical form. The scattered field as a function of frequency, the resonant current distribution on the patches, and the far-field pattern are calculated. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 52–536, June 2005     

Directivity of a Spherical Two-Mirror Antenna with an Extended Infrared Receiver

Some characteristics of Cassegrain optical systems, consisting of two spherical mirrors, are considered. Based on simulations in the geometric-optical approximation for a wide range of parameters, we find the relationship between the geometry of an optical system with an extended thermal receiver and the main-lobe width of the angular distribution of the system power. This permits one to optimize the system design on the basis of its performance requirements. We determine the optimal displacement of the small mirror from the quasi-focal area of the large mirror, ensuring the minimum main-lobe width in terms of a given level and a given dissipation factor.     

Pre-relaxation Processes in a Radiating Relativistic Sphere

The influence of processes occurring before the system relaxes into diffusion, on the evolution of a radiating sphere, is exhibited in a specific example. The luminosity profiles, and consequently the general evolution of the object, are shown to be quite sensitive to the value of relaxation time.     

Gravitational Perturbations of a Radiating Spacetime

This paper discusses the problem of gravitational perturbations of radiating spacetimes. We lay out the theoretical framework for describing the interaction of external gravitational fields with a radiating spacetime. This is done by deriving the field perturbation equations for a radiating metric. The equations are then specialized to a Vaidya spacetime. For the Hiscock ansatz of a linear mass model of a radiating blackhole the equations are found separable. Further, the resulting ordinary differential equations are found to admit analytic solutions. We obtain the solutions and discuss their characteristics.     

Lie Symmetries for a Conformally Flat Radiating Star

We consider a relativistic radiating spherical star in conformally flat spacetimes. In particular we study the junction condition relating the radial pressure to the heat flux at the boundary of the star which is a nonlinear partial differential equation. The Lie symmetry generators that leave the equation invariant are identified and we generate an optimal system. Each element of the optimal system is used to reduce the partial differential equation to an ordinary differential equation which is further analysed. We identify new categories of exact solutions to the boundary conditions. Two classes of solutions are of interest. The first class depends on a self similar variable. The second class is separable in the spacetime variables.     

Radiating Kerr particle in Einstein universe

A generalized Kerr-NUT type metric is considered in connection with Einstein field equations corresponding to perfect fluid plus a pure radiation field. A general scheme for obtaining the exact solutions of these field equations is developed. Two physically meaningful particular cases are investigated in detail. One gives the field of a radiating Kerr particle embedded in the Einstein universe. The other solution may probably represent a deSitter-like universe pervaded by a pure radiation field.     

FDTD Simulation for the Focusing Property of Extended Hemispherical Lens as Receiving Antenna

The focusing property of extended hemispherical lens, on which a linearly polarized plane wave is incident normally, is simulated by FDTD method. The focusing process is presented pictorially at different moment. Focal length is obtained and compared with that computed by other method. Good agreement has been found. The coupling between the focused incident wave and a waveguide in the focal plane of the lens is also simulated. The lens is used as antenna at millimeter wavelengths.     

Radiating black hole solutions in arbitrary dimensions

We prove a theorem that characterizes a large family of non-static solutions to Einstein equations in N-dimensional space-time, representing, in general, spherically symmetric Type II fluid. It is shown that the best known Vaidya-based (radiating) black hole solutions to Einstein equations, in both four dimensions (4D) and higher dimensions (HD), are particular cases from this family. The spherically symmetric static black hole solutions for Type I fluid can also be retrieved. A brief discussion on the energy conditions, singularities and horizons is provided.     

Radiating fluid sphere immersed in an anisotropic atmosphere

We model a radiating star undergoing dissipative gravitational collapse in the form of radial heat flux. The exterior of the collapsing star is described by the generalised Vaidya solution representing a mixture of null radiation and strings. Our model generalises previously known results of constant string density atmosphere to include inhomogeneities in the exterior spacetime. By utilising a causal heat transport equation of the Maxwell–Cattaneo form we show that relaxational effects are enhanced in the presence of inhomogeneities due to the string density.     

Holographic Interferograms of a Vibrating Thin Piezoceramic Disk Resonator under Asymmetric Point-Mass Loading

Technical Physics - Deformations of the base of a free piezoceramic resonator that represents a thin disk are visualized using holographic interferometry under high-intensity electric excitation at...     

Radiating shock measurements in the Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum

The Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum is an x-ray source for high energy-density physics studies that is heated by a radiating shock to radiation temperatures >200 eV. The time-dependent 300-400 eV electron temperature and 15-35 mg/cc density of this shock have been measured for the first time using space-resolved Si tracer spectroscopy. The shock x-ray emission is inferred from these measurements to exceed 50 TW, delivering >180 kJ to the hohlraum.     

Calculation of the Radiating Characteristics of a Thermodynamically Nonuniform Gas Medium

Passive methods of remote analysis of waste gases of industrial enterprises and aircrafts engines and gases ejected in eruptions of volcanos, in fires, and in other processes disturbing the atmosphere are now of limited utility because of the lack of well-developed mathematical techniques for solving the inverse problems of gas analysis. However, the advantage of these methods is obvious, since the equipment is limited to a receiving device and the gas medium serves as a radiator. At the same time, in modern techniques, the interpretation of measurements of emissivities of gases is performed using a phenomenological approach such that experimental data on radiation characteristics of various objects are approximated by simple polynomial relations whose coefficients are determined by minimization methods. This approach does not allow one to investigate the mechanism of the processes occurring in a radiating medium and gives no way of solving the inverse problem of monitoring the composition and thermodynamic parameters of a medium which disturbs the atmosphere by thermal effects. In elaborating theoretical methods of gas analysis, the elaboration of the direct problem of calculation of radiating characteristics of gases is of importance, since it is not clear how the emissivity of a gas medium depends on its thermodynamic parameters. This paper is devoted to the above problem. Here, the error is estimated that arises in modeling a nonuniform gas medium with an actual temperature distribution, which linearly depends on coordinate, by a uniform gas layer. It is shown that the difference between the radiation intensities calculated for uniform and nonuniform media can be significant in the practically important case where the recording device is in a zone of normal temperatures. This implies that the error of reconstruction of the spectroscopic and molecular parameters of gaseous compounds from high-temperature measurements of the radiating and absorbing characteristics should take into account the thermodynamic nonuniformity of the medium.     

The Gravitational Field of a Radiating and Contracting Spherically-Symmetric Body with Heat Flow

A model of a highly idealized spherically symmetric object radiating away its mass with constant luminosity is presented. The body starts at t = – with both infinite mass and radius and contracts to a point at t = 0 without forming an event horizon. Its material particles are moving non-geodesically and shearfree while transporting heat to the surface. Unlike in some radiating star models of a similar type, all physically required conditions are satisfied in this model.