Evidence for special relativity with de Sitter space-time symmetry

I show the formulation of de Sitter Special Relativity (dS-SR) based on Dirac-Lu-Zou-Guo's discussions, dS-SR quantum mechanics is formulated, and the dS-SR Dirac equation for hydrogen is suggested. The equation in the earth-QSO framework reference is solved by means of the adiabatic approach. It's found that the fine-structure "constant" α in dS-SR varies with time. By means of the t-z relation of the ACDM model, α's time-dependency becomes redshift z-dependent. The dS-SR's predictions of △α/α agree with data of spectra of 143 quasar absorption systems, the dS-space-time symmetry is SO(3,2) (i.e., anti-dS group) and the universal parameter R (de Sitter ratio) in dS-SR is estimated to be R ≈ 2.73 x 10<'12> ly. The effects of dS-SR become visible at the cosmic space-time scale (i.e., the distance≥ 10<'9> ly). At that scale, dS-SR is more reliable than Einstein SR. The α-variation with time is evidence of SR with de Sitter symmetry.     

Implication of Spatial and Temporal Variations of the Fine-Structure Constant

Temporal and spatial variations of fine-structure constant \(\alpha \equiv e^{2}/\hbar c\) in cosmology have been reported in analysis of combination Keck and VLT data. This paper studies the variations based on consideration of basic spacetime symmetry in physics. Both laboratory α ₀ and distant α _z are deduced from relativistic spectrum equations of atoms (e.g., hydrogen atom) defined in inertial reference systems. When Einstein’s Λ≠0, the metric of local inertial reference systems in SM of cosmology is Beltrami metric instead of Minkowski, and the basic spacetime symmetry has to be de Sitter (dS) group. The corresponding special relativity (SR) is dS-SR. A model based on dS-SR is suggested. Comparing the predictions on α-varying with the data, the parameters are determined. The best-fit dipole mode in α’s spatial varying is reproduced by this dS-SR model. α-varyings in whole sky are also studied. The results are generally in agreement with the estimations of observations. The main conclusion is that the phenomenon of α-varying cosmologically with dipole mode dominating is due to the de Sitter (or anti de Sitter) spacetime symmetry with a Minkowski point in an extended special relativity called de Sitter invariant special relativity (dS-SR) developed by Dirac-Inönü-Wigner-Gürsey-Lee-Lu-Zou-Guo.     

ON THE REACTION MECHANISM AND THE SELECTION RULE IN THE DOUBLE CHARGE EXCHANGE REACTION OF PIONS ON NUCLEI (DCX)-A STUDY OF THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE 2β-DECAY AND DCX ON jP=O+ NUCLEI

It is shown that in the pion induced double charge exchange reaction on J^p=O⁺→O⁺ nuclei,there exists a possible new reaction mechanism π⁺(Δ⁰,Δ⁺⁺)π^- or π⁺(Δ^-,Δ⁺)π^- in so-called single step process,while that old speculative mechanism π⁺(N,Δ)π^- or π⁺(N,Δ)π^- is firbidden by a well-known selection rule which has been indicated in the theory of the nuclear 2β-decay.     

Application of Eigenkets of Bosonic Creation Operator in Deriving Some New Formulas of Associated Laguerre Polynomials

Using the resolution of unity composed of bosonic creation operator's eigenkets and annihilation operator's un-normalized eigenket, which is a new quantum mechanical representation in contour integration form, we derive new contour integration expression of associated Laguerre polynomials L_m^ρ (|z|²) and its generalized generating function formula. A series of recursive relations regarding to L_m^ρ(|z|²) are also deduced in the context of the Fock representation by algebraic method.     

HYPERON DECAYS IN THE CNIRAL BAG MODEL

In terms of the chiral bag model and SD(3) Skyrme wave-functions of baruons, we investigate Δ⁺ →Pγ (SU(2)) and Σp⁺ → Pπ⁰ (SU(3) case) hyperon decays. We have found that for Δ⁺ →Pγ the Skyrme contribution is more important whereas in Σp⁺ → Pπ⁰ the quark content transition dominates.     

CP Asymmetries in Two-Body Baryonic Decays of Bd0 - Bd0 System

The partialdecay-rate asymmetries indicating the CP violating effects in two-body baryonic decays of B: - B: eystem are systematically studied. It turns out that the CP asymmetries are large in some processes, 1.6×l0⁸, 5.5×l0⁹ and 4.2 x 10⁹ bb pairs are needed for testing the CP violation in B_d⁰ - B_d⁰ → pp, Δ⁰Δ ⁰ and Δ⁺⁺Δ ⁺⁺, respectively. It is impossible to detect the CP violating effects in those decays where penguin diagrams dominate.     

THE LINEAR ELIASHBERG EQUATION

Fn the present paper, the linear Eliashberg equation is converted into a new integral equation and from it, the following T_C formula is derived analytically in the weak coupling limit:T_c=28/πωlog·(πlog/π_c)μ^*/λ^*-μ^* exp{-1+λ/λ-μ^*}, where In γ=C=0.5772 is the Eater constant.     

过冷水溶液中的空间光孤子

建立了在过冷水溶液中传播的光束的非局域非线性模型.过冷水的热致折射率扰动在温度扰动较小的情况下随温度增大,但在温度扰动达到一定程度后随温度减小.在求出该模型的数值孤子解后,对孤子的性态进行了研究.研究表明,在光功率较小时,过冷水表现出自聚焦的特性,而在光功率较大时,在孤子的中心区域的过冷水表现出自散焦的特性,而在孤子的外围仍表现为自聚焦.在总功率较大的情况下,孤子间的相互作用也表现出这种部分自散焦,部分自聚焦的现象.     

一种可用于极化~3He实验的新型磁场系统

原子核自旋极化的~3He气体已被深入研究并广泛用于各种科学实验.在过去的极化~3He实验中,为了减小磁场梯度对纵向弛豫时间的影响,通常会建造大尺寸的亥姆霍兹线圈来提供所需均匀度的主磁场环境.本文通过计算得到了新的六正方形线圈系统,可以为极化~3He实验提供小型高均匀性的磁场装置.其中线圈系√统内部超过30%的区域磁场梯度满足(|▽B_x|~2+|▽B_y|~2)/B_0 10~(-4)cm~(-1),这一均匀区域比例超过了现在所有用于极化~3He实验的线圈装置.对于其他需要大均匀区域磁场环境的研究实验,新的六线圈系统也具有很好的应用价值.     

Causality and Transition Amplitude in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

The constraint from causality on transition amplitude in relativistic quantum mechanics (x, γ|0, o)=0 when γ²-|x|²<0 is proven for Dirac particle without and with interactions with external fields and for free scalar and vector particle in any (1+D)-dimensional Minkowskian space-time.     

Pressure-Dependent Base-Wavefunction Admixture and Lifetime of R1 State of La3Lu2Ga3O12:Cr3+

As a key factor leading to the pressure-dependent R₁-line-shift reversal and R₁-state lifetime, at 10 K, the pressure-dependent variation of mixing-degree of |t₂²(³T₁)e⁴T₂〉 and |t₂³² E〉base-wavefunctions in the wavefunction of R₁ state of LLGG:Cr³⁺ has been calculated and analyzed. From this, the physical origin of the pressure-dependent R₁-line-shift reversal has been revealed. Furthermore, by using the pressure-dependent values of the sum of all square mixing-coefficients of |t₂²(³T₁)e⁴T₂〉in the wavefunction of R₁ state, the lifetimes of R₁ state of LLGG:Cr³⁺ at various pressures have been calculated, which are in good agreement with observed results. The quantum anticrossing effect between t₂³²E and t₂²(³T₁)e⁴T₂ levels due to both spin-orbital interaction and electron-phonon interaction is remarkable, which is related to the admixture of |t₂²(³T₁)e⁴T₂〉and |t₂³² E〉as well as the low-high crystal-field transition.     

On Diagonal P-Representation of Superposition Field of Two Light Modes

For the superposition field a₁^†+a₂^† of two light modes we introduce an appropriate diagonal P-representation which is constructed on the common eigenvectors |z,x〉of (X₁-X₂) and a₁+a₂, where X_i=(a_i+ a_i^†)/√(2), [a_i,a_i^†] =δ_ij. It is remarkable that |z,x〉make up a new quantum mechanical representation.     

Gravitational quasi-normal modes of static R~2 Anti-de Sitter black holes

In this paper, we study the gravitational quasi-normal modes(QNMs) for a static R~2 black hole(BH) in Anti-de Sitter(AdS) spacetime. The corresponding master equation of odd parity is derived and the QNMs are evaluated by the Horowitz and Hubeny method. Meanwhile the stability of such BH is also discussed through the temporal evolution of the perturbation field. Here we mainly consider the coefficient λ, which is related to the radius of AdS black hole, on the QNMs of the R~2 AdS BH. The results show that the Re(ω) and |Im(ω)| of the QNMs increase together as |λ| increases for a given angular momentum number l. That indicates with a larger value of |λ| the corresponding R~2 AdS BH returns to stable much more quickly. The dynamic evolution of the perturbation field is consistent with the results derived by the Horowitz and Hubeny method. Since in the conformal field theory the QNMs can reflect its approach to equilibrium, so our related results could be referential to studies of the AdS/CFT conjecture. The relationship between λ and the properties of the static R~2 BH might be helpful for the development of R~2 gravitational theory.     

Reliability and Efficiency of Generalized Rumor Spreading Model on Complex Social Networks

We introduce the generalized rumor spreading model and investigate some properties of this model on different complex social networks. Despite pervious rumor models that both the spreader-spreader (SS) and the spreader-stifler (SR) interactions have the same rate α, we define α⁽¹⁾ and α⁽²⁾ for SS and SR interactions, respectively. The effect of variation of α⁽¹⁾ and α⁽²⁾ on the final density of stiflers is investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the topological structure of the network in rumor spreading is studied by analyzing the behavior of several global parameters such as reliability and efficiency. Our results show that while networks with homogeneous connectivity patterns reach a higher reliability, scale-free topologies need a less time to reach a steady state with respect the rumor.     

Optimization of Neutrino Oscillation Parameters Using Differential Evolution

We show how the traditional grid based method for finding neutrino oscillation parameters m2 and tan 2θ can be combined with an optimization technique,Differential Evolution(DE),to get a significant decrease in computer processing time required to obtain minimal chi-square(χ2) in four different regions of the parameter space.We demonstrate efficiency for the two-neutrinos case.For this,the χ2 function for neutrino oscillations is evaluated for grids with different density of points in standard allowed regions of the parameter space of m2 and tan 2θ using experimental and theoretical total event rates of chlorine(Homestake),Gallex+GNO,SAGE,Superkamiokande,and SNO detectors.We find that using DE in combination with the grid based method with small density of points can produce the results comparable with the one obtained using high density grid,in much lesser computation time.     

βγ(CP) correlation measurements and anti-analogue structure in the decay of Ca

β-γ(CP) correlation measurements have been carried out on the sequence in the decay of the ground state of ⁴⁹Ca to the (presumed) anti-analogue state at 3.105 MeV excitation in ⁴⁹Sc. An asymmetry parameter of A = −0.132 ± 0.017 was obtained, making any spin-parity assignment other than very unlikely for the 3.105 MeV state. The deduced Fermi matrix element for the decay is |M_{v| = |1.4 ± 9.7| × 10⁻³}, which leads to an isospin impurity ( ) corresponding to the mixing of the analogue state (at 11.6 MeV) and the 3.105 MeV state of ||² 1.6 × 10⁻⁵. This leads in turn to an effective Coulomb matrix element of |H_c| = |3.9 ± 27.4| keV, a low value compared to the value of 100 keV obtained from a theoretical estimate based on simple shell-model wave functions for the single-particle states involved.     

Explicit Relations of Physical Potentials Through Generalized Hypervirial and Kramers' Recurrence Relations

Based on a Hamiltonian identity,we study one-dimensional generalized hypervirial theorem,Blanchardlike(non-diagonal case) and Kramers'(diagonal case) recurrence relations for arbitrary x~κ which is independent of the central potential V(x).Some significant results in diagonal case are obtained for special κ in x~κ(κ≥ 2).In particular,we find the orthogonal relation(n_1|n_2) = δ_(n_1n_2)(κ = 0),(n_1|V'(x)\n_2) =(E_(n_1)-E_(n_2))~2〈n_1x|n_2)(κ = 1),E_n =(n/V'(x)x/2|n) +(n|V(x)|n)(κ = 2) and-4E_n(n|x|n) +(n|V'(x)x~2\n〉 +4〈n|V(x)x|n〉 = 0(κ = 3).The latter two formulas can be used directly to calculate the energy levels.We present useful explicit relations for some well known physical potentials without requiring the energy spectra of quantum system.     

取代苯甲醚的17O-NMR化学位移研究

提出了计算取代苯甲醚¹⁷O-NMR化学位移的经验公式(1): δ_cal=δ₀+Δo+Δm+Δp，并通过线性回归法结合最小二乘法得到了20种取代基的参数，计算结果以78种化 合物 的101个¹⁷O-NMR化学位移数据为样本点作回归检验，置信度为99.5%，约有90 %的¹⁷O-NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差Δδ小于5.0（相对误差小于.5% ）.     

de Sitter Tunneling,Emission Spectrum and Entropy/Area Quantum

The Banerjee-Majhi's recent work shows that the Hawking radiation and entropy/area quantum of the black hole horizon (EH) can be well described in the tunneling picture. In this paper, we develop this idea to the case of a de Sitter tunneling from the cosmological horizon (CH), and obtain the Hawking emission spectrum and entropy/area spectroscopy from the CH of the purely de Sitter black hole as well as the Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole. It is interestingly found that the area of the CH is quantized by Δ A=4l_pl², as was given by Hod for the area quantum of -the EH by considering the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and Schwinger-type emission process. Also, we conclude from our derivation that the entropy/area quantum of the CH is universal in the sense that it is independent of the black hole parameters. This realization implies that, (at least) at a semiclassical level, the de Sitter gravity shares the similar quantum behavior as the usual gravity without presence of a cosmological constant.     

Estimation of enhancement in third-order nonlinear susceptibility induced by a sharpening absorption band

We derived an empirical relationship between |χ⁽³⁾| and absorption spectra based on a simple two-level model. We calculated third-order nonlinear susceptibility for a methanol solution of rose bengal (RB), a polydiacetylene thin film (PDA), and a GaAlAs/ GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) using the relationship. The estimated values are of the same order as the experimental ones. We also investigated the effect of the sharpening absorption bandwidth on |χ⁽³⁾| enhancement, and found that |χ⁽³⁾| of 10⁻⁶ esu can be expected if the width of the PDA absorption band is reduced by one order of magnitude.