静电纺羟基磷灰石/明胶微纳复合纤维

本文从仿生角度出发,模拟细胞外基质独特结构,采用静电纺丝法成功制备出HA均匀分布的HA/Gelatin复合纤维。根据影响静电纺丝的主要因素,分别考察了聚合物浓度、无机物含量、溶剂浓度、电纺电压等因素对纤维形貌和结构的影响。研究结果表明:聚合物浓度是制备复合纤维的首要影响因素,影响复合纤维的直径;无机物的添加使聚合物中的氢键减少,降低了电纺液的粘度,影响复合纤维中珠状物的形成;制备分布均匀的电纺纤维,溶剂起很大的作用,影响纤维的粘联;电纺电压增大使电场力过大,聚合物被强力拉伸,单根纤维出现卷曲。     

电纺法制备聚合物纳米纤维的研究进展

电纺技术是一种制备聚合物纳米纤维的新方法,它可制备出直径为纳米级的超细纤维,最小直径可至1nm.电纺法制备聚合物纳米纤维具有设备简单、操作容易以及高效等优点,它是目前能直接、连续制备聚合物纳米纤维的有效方法.本文介绍了电纺过程、原理及影响纤维性能的主要因素,综述了电纺技术在生物医学材料,复合增强纤维,无机纳米纤维,导电纳米纤维等方面的应用进展,最后对电纺技术在制备聚合物纳米纤维方面的发展前景作出了展望.     

静电纺丝法和气流-静电纺丝法制备聚砜纳米纤维

应用电纺法制备了聚砜纳米纤维.设计了一种新型的气流静电纺丝装置,其特点是在喷丝头上添加了喷气组件.电纺过程中所用聚砜的特性粘数为0.97dLg,溶剂为二甲基乙酰胺,载气为氮气.研究了聚砜纳米纤维的平均直径与过程参数之间的关系.研究表明影响聚砜纳米纤维的平均直径的主要因素为电压、纺丝液的流速、喷丝头与收集器之间的距离、操作温度以及纺丝液的性质(如粘度、表面张力和电导率).纳米纤维的平均直径和直径分布用扫描电镜表征.应用这种气流静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维的直径范围是50～500nm.所得纳米纤维的直径依赖于电压、喷丝头与收集器之间的距离以及喷丝液的浓度.结果表明,采用气流静电纺丝不仅能制备较细而且均匀的纳米纤维,而且产量更高.     

生物高分子静电纺丝研究进展

静电纺丝(电纺)技术是一种制备直径为数十纳米到数微米的纳米纤维的有效方法。由于生物高分子具有良好的生物相容性,近年来国内外对生物高分子的电纺制备进行了大量研究。这种生物高分子纳米纤维在组织工程支架、组织修复等方面有独特的优势。本文对生物高分子——多糖、蛋白质、核酸(DNA)的静电纺丝研究进行了总结。     

静电纺聚丙烯腈纳米纤维晶态结构及取向的形成

采用新型流动水浴收集方式制备出连续单向排列的静电纺聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米初生纤维,收集静电纺丝不同阶段的静电纺PAN纳米纤维,并在热水中进行后牵伸,使其伸长至原长的2倍、3倍.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)等方法对静电纺丝过程不同阶段的PAN纳米纤维的形貌、直径、致密性、晶态结构及取向进行了表征.研究表明,(1)在静电纺丝过程中PAN纺丝液射流受到牵伸作用,静电纺PAN纳米纤维的晶态结构形成并逐渐完善.纳米纤维的直径随着静电纺丝过程逐渐减小(从664 nm减小至353 nm),结晶度从42.55％增加至47.76％,晶区取向由37.48％提高至43.93％.纳米纤维致密性也逐渐提高(密度由1.1917 g/cm3增加至1.1943 g/cm3).(2)静电纺丝过程进入PAN射流溶剂含量较低的阶段后,继续通过静电纺丝过程提高纳米初生纤维晶态结构及取向的效果很有限,而通过热水后牵伸过程可进一步使晶态结构及取向得到有效果的完善.研究同时发现,静电纺初生纤维的晶态结构及取向与其在热水牵伸过程中的进一步完善具有相关性.     

刺激响应性电纺纳米纤维

采用静电纺丝法制备的、平均直径通常小于1000 nm的刺激响应性电纺纳米纤维是一种可响应外界刺激而发生物理化学性能改变的智能聚合物纤维,由它形成的纤维膜具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、对外界刺激产生响应速度快等优点,因此在诸多领域显示出诱人的应用前景,是近年来受到国内外高度关注的一种智能纳米材料。本文首先归纳了制备刺激响应性电纺纳米纤维的三种方法。然后从成纤聚合物的合成或选用、纺丝液配制、静电纺丝和后处理4个方面讨论了制备过程中影响纳米纤维尺寸、结构和刺激响应性等性能的主要因素。接下来重点述评了除电场外的其他各种刺激响应性电纺纳米纤维的设计及其构建研究进展,另外介绍了这些刺激响应性电纺纳米纤维膜在分离与纯化、药物控制释放、伤口敷料、细胞培养、传感器与检测等方面的应用研究情况。最后,就它们的未来研究方向进行了展望。     

基于CdTe量子点-电纺纳米纤维组装体可视化、便携检测铜离子

采用静电纺丝技术制备得到抗湿性能良好的电纺纳米纤维,进一步与CdTe量子点(CdTe QDs)静电结合得到组装体.扫描电镜、透射电镜和共聚焦荧光显微成像表征结果表明,在pH 7.2、静电组装时间90 min的条件下,CdTe QDs均匀地组装在电纺纳米纤维表面,在365 nm紫外灯照射下,CdTe QDs-电纺纳米纤维...     

电纺含银纳米粒子复合纤维的制备及应用

银纳米粒子由于其特殊的物理化学性质而被广泛应用,但其易团聚,影响实际使用效果。银纳米粒子可被负载到稳定载体上,获得具有优异性能的纳米复合材料,克服了团聚等缺限,大大改善应用效果和效率。采用静电纺丝技术制备银修饰纳米复合纤维材料是其中一种有效的方法,近年来在复合材料制备领域受到了广泛关注。本文综述了最近几年关于静电纺丝制备负载银纳米颗粒纤维复合材料及其应用的研究进展,重点介绍了静电纺丝制备负载银纳米纤维过程中纳米银的生成和负载方法,总结了有机主体和无机主体两种纺丝纤维的制备研究进展,详细介绍了负载银纺丝纤维在几个重要领域的应用及研究方向。     

高速离心纺制备纳米纤维研究进展

高速离心纺制备纳米纤维是一种新型的区别于静电纺丝的简单而高效的纳米纤维制备技术,具有无高压、产量高、机构简单、无污染等许多独特的潜在优势,适用范围广,可以适用于高分子、陶瓷材料和金属材料,是最近两年新发展的技术,引起了广泛的关注。为了研究高速离心纺制备纳米纤维的研究现状,本文综述了国内外关于高速离心纺制备纳米纤维的技术发展状况、离心纺原理,阐述高速离心纺的转子转速、溶液浓度、喷嘴和收集板等影各种因素响制备纳米纤维的直径、形态。     

可控核/壳结构聚合物电纺纤维的制备与应用

核/壳结构纳米纤维是一种兼具核层与壳层优异性能的功能化复合纤维, 通常具有优于核层和壳层自身的性能, 如可控的机械强度和较好的热传导系数等。其特殊的结构极大地提高了纤维的使用价值, 拓宽了纤维的应用领域, 因此, 核/壳结构纳米纤维成为纤维领域的研究热点之一。静电纺丝技术因其简单有效的特点, 近些年来在众多纳米纤维制备技术中一直备受关注, 制备结构和形貌可控的核/壳结构纤维的方法对于指导其在实际中的应用尤为重要。本文系统介绍了以静电纺丝技术制备核/壳结构纳米纤维的方法, 主要包括单喷头相分离法、同轴静电纺丝法、乳液静电纺丝法以及模板法, 重点讨论了影响核/壳结构的主要因素以及核/壳结构对纤维性能的影响。综述了近几年来国内外关于可控核/壳结构电纺纤维制备的研究新进展及其在药物缓释体系、组织工程支架、多功能敷料、污水处理材料、疏水性材料等领域的潜在应用价值。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.