过渡金属催化的芳香化合物三氟甲基化研究进展

向芳香化合物分子中引入三氟甲基在制药,农用化学品和有机材料的砌块合成中有重大的意义.由于过渡金属催化的反应反应条件温和,底物适用性广等优点,最近几年,逐渐被科学家应用到芳香化合物的三氟甲基化中,成为追捧的热点.综述了近几年在利用过渡金属对芳香化合物进行的三氟甲基化中取得的重大进展.     

铜促进的三氟甲基化反应研究进展

药物分子中含有三氟甲基可以有效改善其亲脂性、可吸收性以及代谢稳定性.因此,在有机分子中引入三氟甲基引起了人们的广泛关注.近年来,过渡金属催化的三氟甲基化反应得到了快速发展.其中,铜作为一种廉价且活性较高的催化剂能够实现多种三氟甲基化反应.从发生三氟甲基化反应的底物出发,综述了近年来卤代烃、硼试剂、C—H化合物、胺类、羧酸类化合物等的三氟甲基化反应研究进展.     

过渡金属促进三氟甲基化反应的研究进展

近年来,过渡金属促进三氟甲基化反应得到了快速发展.从促进三氟甲基化反应的过渡金属种类出发,综述了近几年来银、铁、钯、镍、铑和钴促进三氟甲基化反应的研究进展,并对部分反应可能的机理进行了讨论.     

过渡金属催化碳氢键三氟甲基化

近几年来, 过渡金属催化的碳氢键活化的三氟甲基化反应取得了重要的进展. 该领域的反应主要集中于端炔的sp碳氢键活化三氟甲基化反应、芳烃和杂环的sp²碳氢键活化的三氟甲基化反应以及烯丙基sp³碳氢键活化的三氟甲基化反应. 本文简要介绍了该类反应的特点, 概述了该领域的最新进展、面临的挑战及以后研究发展的重点和方向.     

自由基介导含氟杂环化合物的构建研究

含氟杂环化合物由于其优异的物理化学性质,在有机化学、药物化学、材料科学等诸多领域扮演着重要的角色.但自然界中,天然含氟杂环化合物屈指可数,开发高效的含氟杂环化合物的合成方法显得尤为重要.随着过渡金属催化、光催化以及电催化自由基反应的迅速发展,自由基化学在合成领域取得了突破性进展,激发了有机化学家利用自由基化学构建含氟杂环的兴趣.主要以不饱和烃的单氟烷基化、二氟烷基化、三氟甲基化、三氟烷氧/硫/硒基化、全氟烷基化以及杂环的直接C—H氟烷基化进行分类,从过渡金属催化、光催化以及电催化等几个方面,对自由基介导的含氟侧链杂环化合物的构建进行讨论.     

可见光促进的光氧化还原催化的三氟甲基化反应

全氟烷基化反应,特别是三氟甲基化反应一直是有机化学领域的研究热点。近几年来,可见光促进的光氧化还原催化的有机化学反应,因其本身所固有的条件温和、绿色和环保等优点而倍受合成化学家的青睐。该方法学也被成功地应用于一系列三氟甲基化反应。本文主要按照三氟甲基源分类,总结了近年来可见光促进的光氧化还原催化的三氟甲基化反应的研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

三氟甲基烯烃的选择性C—F键活化最新进展（英文）

三氟甲基的选择性碳氟键活化是获得偕二氟类化合物的重要途径.鉴于三氟甲基烯烃在合成上的重要性以及反应选择性的多样性,近年来利用这类化合物的选择性碳氟键活化引起了极大的关注.综述了这一领域的研究进展,主要包括亲核加成/脱氟反应(S_N2’类型)、酸促进的脱氟傅克芳基化反应、(形式)原位脱氟官能团化反应以及过渡金属催化的迁移插入/脱氟反应.     

芳香胺类化合物的二氟烷基化研究进展

含氟化合物具有独特的物理化学特性，被广泛应用于药物开发、临床医学、农业化学、材料科学和有机合成等领域。过去几十年里，利用含氟砌块策略将含氟官能团引入有机分子中引起了合成化学家们的广泛关注，特别是利用二氟烷基化试剂合成具有重要价值的含氟分子方面取得了重要进展。本文聚焦于总结芳香胺类化合物的二氟烷基化反应，按照金属催化、可见光催化以及其它方法对近年来文献报道的芳香氮杂化合物的二氟烷基化反应进行介绍，并对反应机理进行探究，期望为该类含氟化合物的合成及进一步应用提供方法和思路。     

亮点介绍

β-酮酯的不对称亲电三氟甲硫基化Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2013,52,12860~12864近年来,继氟化、三氟甲基化之后,三氟甲硫基的研究又引起了人们极大的兴趣,运用过渡金属催化的策略,各国的研究者已发展出了一些非常新颖的方法,可以在不同的底物引入三氟甲硫基,包括芳烃、炔烃、烯烃等.另外也发展了一些亲电的三氟甲硫基试剂,对它们的反应活性进行了系统的研究.尽管如此,不对称的三氟甲硫基化的研究至今仍是一个空白。最近,中国科学院上海有     

历经不同高价芳基铜中间体的芳香碳氢键三氟甲基化反应

在温和的铜盐促进反应条件下,四氮杂杯[1]芳烃[3]吡啶化合物发生高效、高选择性芳香碳氢键三氟甲基化反应,高产率地生成了一系列三氟甲基官能化的大环分子.基于结构明确的芳基二价铜和芳基三价铜的三氟甲基化反应的结果,铜促进的芳香碳氢键三氟甲基化反应依据三氟甲基化试剂的性质经历了两条完全不同的途径.当使用亲核性的Ruppert-Prakash试剂时,芳基三价铜与三氟甲基阴离子生成[ArCu(Ⅲ)CF₃]⁺配合物及发生还原消除是反应的关键步,而当使用亲电性的Umemoto试剂时,反应经历了芳基二价铜与三氟甲基自由基的直接偶联过程.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.